Waltharius287 - Revision history

Andrew Parchman at 04:49, 16 December 2009

2009-12-16T04:49:41Z

Jan Ziolkowski at 04:28, 15 December 2009

2009-12-15T04:28:01Z

Julian Yolles: /* Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323) */

2009-12-13T01:45:49Z

‎Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)

Shane Bobrycki: /* Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323) */

2009-12-12T03:47:09Z

‎Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)

Shane Bobrycki: /* Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323) */

2009-12-12T03:03:52Z

‎Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)

Shane Bobrycki: /* Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323) */

2009-12-12T01:56:52Z

‎Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)

Shane Bobrycki: /* Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323) */

2009-12-12T01:11:38Z

‎Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)

Shane Bobrycki: /* Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323) */

2009-12-12T01:11:05Z

‎Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)

Shane Bobrycki: /* Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323) */

2009-12-12T01:09:07Z

‎Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)

Shane Bobrycki: /* Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323) */

2009-12-12T00:00:00Z

‎Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)

@@ Line 154: / Line 154: @@
+|
 |{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
-|{{Comment|'''pigmentatus''' the idea seems to be that the contents were spicy [or aromatic: JZ], not that the vessel was painted. Either interpretation, however, would contribute to the louche imagery of this type-scene. SB}}
+|{{Comment|'''pigmentatus''' the idea seems to be that the contents were spicy [or aromatic: JZ], not that the vessel was painted. Either interpretation, however, would contribute to the louche imagery of this type-scene. SB <br />Cf. line 440 in which "pigmentis" is used to describe fish as spicy or aromatic. [AP].}}
 |-
 |[[Illicit]] [[ad]] [[haustum]] [[species1|species]] [[dulcedoque]] [[potus]].

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
+|
 |{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
-|{{Comment|'''288-323'''	The opening scene of the book of Esther is an important parallel to this feast scene. Here King Xerxes arranges a great feast in Susa “that he might show the riches of the glory of his kingdom, and the greatness, and boasting of his power” (1.4), but his overdrinking leads him to shame himself when upon a drunken demand that his beautiful wife Vashti parade in front of the court she refuses. This leads him to depose his queen and hunt for another, who will be Esther. SB.}}
+|{{Comment|'''288-323'''	The opening scene of the book of Esther is an important parallel to this feast scene. Here King Xerxes arranges a great feast in Susa “that he might show the riches of the glory of his kingdom, and the greatness, and boasting of his power” (1.4), but his overdrinking leads him to shame himself when his beautiful wife Vashti refuses his drunken command that she parade in front of the court. This refusal leads him to depose his queen and hunt for another, who will be Esther. SB.}}
 |-
 |[[Praefinita]] [[dies]] [[epularum]] [[venit2|venit]], [[et]] [[ipse]]
@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 |{{Comment|'''Luxuria in media residebat denique mensa''' “and then Luxury settled in the middle of the table”; contrast with 315 where another vice, Drunkenness (Ebrietas), rules the hall. We progress from one vice to another. Both terms are associated in early Christian sources with sexual impropriety, and specifically sodomy. Ambrose of Milan, De Abraham 1.3.14: “Sodoma enim luxuria atque lasciuia est” (C. Schenkl, ed., CSEL 32.1, Prague1897, 512). Jerome, Commentary on Ezekiel 5.16.552-3: “Sodoma uocatur et Samaria, quarum altera gentilem uitam luxuriam que significat, altera haereticorum decipulas” (F. Glorie, ed. CCSL 75, Turnhout 1964, 202). John Cassian (c. 360 – 435), De institutis coenobiorum et de octo principalium uitiorum remediis libri XII 5.6: “Sodomitis causa subuersionis atque luxuriae non uini crapula, sed saturitas extitit panis” (M. Petschenig, ed., CSEL 17, Vienna 1888, 86). See M. D. Jordan, “Homosexuality, luxuria, and textual abuse,” Constructing medieval sexuality, ed. K. Lochrie, P. McCracken, and J. A. Schultz (Minneapolis 1997), pp. 24-39. SB.
-This personification of Luxuria in connection with Drunkenness is also redolent of Prudentius, Psychomachia 378-388. It is interesting that Luxuria is there described as "coming from the East" ("378-9: Venerat occiduis mundi de finibus hostis / Luxuria), just as in the Waltharius a scene is painted of eastern decadence. [JJTY]}}
+This personification of Luxuria in connection with Drunkenness is also redolent of Prudentius, Psychomachia 378-388. It is interesting that Luxuria is there described as "coming from the East" ("378-9: Venerat occiduis mundi de finibus hostis / Luxuria), just as in the Waltharius a scene is painted of eastern decadence. [JJTY] [An early installment of what Edward Said would call "orientalism" (JZ)?}}
 |-
 |[[Ingrediturque]] [[aulam]] [[velis]] [[rex]] [[undique]] [[septam]].
@@ Line 115: / Line 115: @@
+|
 |{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
-|{{Comment|'''resudat''' possibly from the spiciness of the food. But the parallels in Prudentius remind us that this whole passage serves as a warning against drunkenness and luxury, with Esther as the soure of the moral: King Xerxes humiliates himself because he has had too much to drink.exquisitum fervebat migma per aurum Compare the silverware in Esther 1.7: “And they that were invited, drank in golden cups, and the meats were brought in divers vessels one after another. Wine also in abundance and of the best was presented, as was worthy of a king's magnificence.” (“bibebant autem qui invitati erant aureis poculis et aliis atque aliis vasis cibi inferebantur vinum quoque ut magnificentia regia dignum erat abundans et praecipuum ponebatur”). SB.}}
+|{{Comment|'''resudat''' possibly from the spiciness of the food. But the parallels in Prudentius remind us that this whole passage serves as a warning against drunkenness and luxury, with Esther as the source of the moral: King Xerxes humiliates himself because he has had too much to drink. exquisitum fervebat migma per aurum Compare the silverware in Esther 1.7: “And they that were invited, drank in golden cups, and the meats were brought in divers vessels one after another. Wine also in abundance and of the best was presented, as was worthy of a king's magnificence.” (“bibebant autem qui invitati erant aureis poculis et aliis atque aliis vasis cibi inferebantur vinum quoque ut magnificentia regia dignum erat abundans et praecipuum ponebatur”). SB.}}
 |-
 |[[his3|His]] [[et]] [[sublatis]] [[aliae]] [[referuntur]] [[edendae]],
@@ Line 134: / Line 134: @@
 |{{Pictures|[[image:Waltharius-Lines-299–300.png|thumb]]}}
 |{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=atque exquisitum}}
-|{{Comment|'''exquisitum fervebat migma per aurum''' Compare the silverware in Esther 1.7: “And they that were invited, drank in golden cups, and the meats were brought in divers vessels one after another. Wine also in abundance and of the best was presented, as was worthy of a king's magnificence.” (“bibebant autem qui invitati erant aureis poculis et aliis atque aliis vasis cibi inferebantur vinum quoque ut magnificentia regia dignum erat abundans et praecipuum ponebatur”). SB.}}
+|{{Comment|'''exquisitum fervebat migma per aurum''' Compare the silverware in Esther 1.7: “And they that were invited, drank in golden cups, and the meats were brought in divers vessels one after another. Wine also in abundance and of the best was presented, as was worthy of a king's magnificence.” (“bibebant autem qui invitati erant aureis poculis et aliis atque aliis vasis cibi inferebantur vinum quoque ut magnificentia regia dignum erat abundans et praecipuum ponebatur”). SB.[migma has occasioned a bit of perplexity, being construed most often as mixed wine but sometimes as food: see Novum Glossarium, ed. Blatt, col. 472. JZ]}}
 |-
 |[[Aurea]] [[bissina]] [[tantum1|tantum]] [[stant]] [[gausape]] [[vasa]] --
@@ Line 154: / Line 154: @@
+|
 |{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
-|{{Comment|'''pigmentatus''' the idea seems to be that the contents were spicy, not that the vessel was painted. Either interpretation, however, would contribute to the louche imagery of this type-scene. SB}}
+|{{Comment|'''pigmentatus''' the idea seems to be that the contents were spicy [or aromatic: JZ], not that the vessel was painted. Either interpretation, however, would contribute to the louche imagery of this type-scene. SB}}
 |-
 |[[Illicit]] [[ad]] [[haustum]] [[species1|species]] [[dulcedoque]] [[potus]].
@@ Line 163: / Line 163: @@
+|
 |{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
-|{{Comment|for a vivid picture of a Germanic drinking bout, as opposed to a classical or biblical bout, see Beowful lines 491-498. It is perhaps best not to assume that this drinking bout is exclusively Germanic, Classical, or Biblical. SB.}}
+|{{Comment|for a vivid picture of a Germanic drinking bout, as opposed to a classical or biblical bout, see Beowulf lines 491-498. It is perhaps best not to assume that this drinking bout is exclusively Germanic, Classical, or Biblical. SB.}}
 |-
 |[[Waltharius]] [[cunctos1|cunctos]] [[ad]] [[vinum]] [[hortatur]] [[et]] [[escam]].
@@ Line 347: / Line 347: @@
+|
 |{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
-|{{Comment|'''humotenus''' “groundwards” a word that the Waltharius poet likes, and which is either a neologism or exceedingly rare (it is absent from the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae and from several other Latin dictionaries), though its meaning is clear enough. SB}}
+|{{Comment|'''humotenus''' “groundwards” a word that the Waltharius poet likes, and which is either a neologism or exceedingly rare (it is absent from the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae and from several other Latin dictionaries), though its meaning is clear enough. SB [The word could be construed equally well as being two: humo + tenus, a preposition that is usually placed postpositively. Thus humotenus is comparable to mecum or tecum, which could be written separately--as honoris causa is. JZ]}}
 |-
 |[[Et]] [[licet]] [[ignicremis]] [[vellet]] [[dare]] [[moenia]] [[flammis]],

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
+|
 |{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS|elision=luxuria in}}
-|{{Comment|'''Luxuria in media residebat denique mensa''' “and then Luxury settled in the middle of the table”; contrast with 315 where another vice, Drunkenness (Ebrietas), rules the hall. We progress from one vice to another. Both terms are associated in early Christian sources with sexual impropriety, and specifically sodomy. Ambrose of Milan, De Abraham 1.3.14: “Sodoma enim luxuria atque lasciuia est” (C. Schenkl, ed., CSEL 32.1, Prague1897, 512). Jerome, Commentary on Ezekiel 5.16.552-3: “Sodoma uocatur et Samaria, quarum altera gentilem uitam luxuriam que significat, altera haereticorum decipulas” (F. Glorie, ed. CCSL 75, Turnhout 1964, 202). John Cassian (c. 360 – 435), De institutis coenobiorum et de octo principalium uitiorum remediis libri XII 5.6: “Sodomitis causa subuersionis atque luxuriae non uini crapula, sed saturitas extitit panis” (M. Petschenig, ed., CSEL 17, Vienna 1888, 86). See M. D. Jordan, “Homosexuality, luxuria, and textual abuse,” Constructing medieval sexuality, ed. K. Lochrie, P. McCracken, and J. A. Schultz (Minneapolis 1997), pp. 24-39. SB.}}
+|{{Comment|'''Luxuria in media residebat denique mensa''' “and then Luxury settled in the middle of the table”; contrast with 315 where another vice, Drunkenness (Ebrietas), rules the hall. We progress from one vice to another. Both terms are associated in early Christian sources with sexual impropriety, and specifically sodomy. Ambrose of Milan, De Abraham 1.3.14: “Sodoma enim luxuria atque lasciuia est” (C. Schenkl, ed., CSEL 32.1, Prague1897, 512). Jerome, Commentary on Ezekiel 5.16.552-3: “Sodoma uocatur et Samaria, quarum altera gentilem uitam luxuriam que significat, altera haereticorum decipulas” (F. Glorie, ed. CCSL 75, Turnhout 1964, 202). John Cassian (c. 360 – 435), De institutis coenobiorum et de octo principalium uitiorum remediis libri XII 5.6: “Sodomitis causa subuersionis atque luxuriae non uini crapula, sed saturitas extitit panis” (M. Petschenig, ed., CSEL 17, Vienna 1888, 86). See M. D. Jordan, “Homosexuality, luxuria, and textual abuse,” Constructing medieval sexuality, ed. K. Lochrie, P. McCracken, and J. A. Schultz (Minneapolis 1997), pp. 24-39. SB.
 |-
 |[[Ingrediturque]] [[aulam]] [[velis]] [[rex]] [[undique]] [[septam]].

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 }}
 |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.637-642; 1.697-708; 8.175-183. Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 712-713. ''Liber Hester'' chapter 1.
-<br />''Aeineid'' 1.637-638.: ''at domus interior regali splendida luxu/ instruitur, mediisque parant convivia tectis''. ‘But the palace within is laid out with the splendour of princely pomp, and amid the halls they prepare a banquet.’
+<br />''Aeneid'' 1.637-638.: ''at domus interior regali splendida luxu/ instruitur, mediisque parant convivia tectis''. ‘But the palace within is laid out with the splendour of princely pomp, and amid the halls they prepare a banquet.’
 }}
+|
@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 }}
 |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.637-642; 1.697-708; 8.175-183. Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 712-713. ''Liber Hester'' chapter 1.
-<br />''Aeineid'' 1.637-638.: ''at domus interior regali splendida luxu/ instruitur, mediisque parant convivia tectis''. ‘But the palace within is laid out with the splendour of princely pomp, and amid the halls they prepare a banquet.’
+<br />''Aeneid'' 1.637-638.: ''at domus interior regali splendida luxu/ instruitur, mediisque parant convivia tectis''. ‘But the palace within is laid out with the splendour of princely pomp, and amid the halls they prepare a banquet.’
 <br />''Aeneid'' 9.783: ''undique saeptus. . . '' ‘Hemmed in on every side. . .’
 }}
@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 }}
 |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.637-642; 1.697-708; 8.175-183. Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 712-713. ''Liber Hester'' chapter 1.
-<br />''Aeineid'' 8.178: ''Aenean solioque invitat acerno.'' ‘He invites Aeneas to a maple throne.’ ''Secundum Lucam'' 16.19: ''induebatur purpura et bysso. ‘''He was clothed in purple and fine linen.’
+<br />''Aeneid'' 8.178: ''Aenean solioque invitat acerno.'' ‘He invites Aeneas to a maple throne.’ ''Secundum Lucam'' 16.19: ''induebatur purpura et bysso. ‘''He was clothed in purple and fine linen.’
 }}
+|
@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
+|
 |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.637-642; 1.697-708; 8.175-183. Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 712-713. ''Liber Hester'' chapter 1.
-<br />''Aeineid'' 8.176: ''viros locat ipse sedili.'' ‘With his own hand he ranges the guests on the grassy seat.’
+<br />''Aeneid'' 8.176: ''viros locat ipse sedili.'' ‘With his own hand he ranges the guests on the grassy seat.’
 }}
+|
@@ Line 109: / Line 109: @@
 }}
 |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.637-642; 1.697-708; 8.175-183. Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 712-713. ''Liber Hester'' chapter 1.
-<br />''Aeineid'' 5.92: ''libavitque dapes.'' ‘He tasted the viands.’ Prudentius, ''Apotheosis ''719-720.: ''crudus conviva resudat/ congeriem ventris.'' ‘The cloyed guest is exuding the mass in his belly.’
+<br />''Aeneid'' 5.92: ''libavitque dapes.'' ‘He tasted the viands.’ Prudentius, ''Apotheosis ''719-720.: ''crudus conviva resudat/ congeriem ventris.'' ‘The cloyed guest is exuding the mass in his belly.’
 }}
+|
@@ Line 217: / Line 217: @@
 }}
 |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.637-642; 1.697-708; 8.175-183. Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 712-713. ''Liber Hester'' chapter 1.
-<br />''Aeineid'' 1.640-641.: ''ingens argentum mensis, caelataque in auro/ fortia facta patrum, series longissima rerum.'' ‘On the tables is massive silver plate, and in gold are graven the doughty deeds of her sires, a long, long course of exploits.’ ''Liber Regum III'' 7.24: '' duo ordines scalpturarum histriatarum erant fusiles. '' ‘There were two rows cast of chamfered sculptures.’
+<br />''Aeneid'' 1.640-641.: ''ingens argentum mensis, caelataque in auro/ fortia facta patrum, series longissima rerum.'' ‘On the tables is massive silver plate, and in gold are graven the doughty deeds of her sires, a long, long course of exploits.’ ''Liber Regum III'' 7.24: '' duo ordines scalpturarum histriatarum erant fusiles. '' ‘There were two rows cast of chamfered sculptures.’
 }}
 |{{Pictures|[[image:Waltharius-Lines-308–309-or-43–49.png|thumb]]}}
@@ Line 227: / Line 227: @@
+|
 |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.637-642; 1.697-708; 8.175-183. Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 712-713. ''Liber Hester'' chapter 1.
-<br />''Aeineid'' 1.640-641.: ''ingens argentum mensis, caelataque in auro/ fortia facta patrum, series longissima rerum.'' ‘On the tables is massive silver plate, and in gold are graven the doughty deeds of her sires, a long, long course of exploits.’ ''Liber Regum III'' 7.24: '' duo ordines scalpturarum histriatarum erant fusiles. '' ‘There were two rows cast of chamfered sculptures.’
+<br />''Aeneid'' 1.640-641.: ''ingens argentum mensis, caelataque in auro/ fortia facta patrum, series longissima rerum.'' ‘On the tables is massive silver plate, and in gold are graven the doughty deeds of her sires, a long, long course of exploits.’ ''Liber Regum III'' 7.24: '' duo ordines scalpturarum histriatarum erant fusiles. '' ‘There were two rows cast of chamfered sculptures.’
 }}
 |{{PicturesCont}}
@@ Line 331: / Line 331: @@
+|
 |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.637-642; 1.697-708; 8.175-183. Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 712-713. ''Liber Hester'' chapter 1.
-<br />''Aeineid'' 6.520: ''somnoque gravatum. . .'' ‘Sunk in slumber. . .’
+<br />''Aeneid'' 6.520: ''somnoque gravatum. . .'' ‘Sunk in slumber. . .’
 }}
+|
@@ Line 341: / Line 341: @@
+|
 |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.637-642; 1.697-708; 8.175-183. Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 712-713. ''Liber Hester'' chapter 1.
-<br />''Aeineid'' 9.316-317.: ''passim somno vinoque per herbam/ corpora fusa vident.'' ‘Everywhere they see bodies stretched along the grass in drunken sleep.’
+<br />''Aeneid'' 9.316-317.: ''passim somno vinoque per herbam/ corpora fusa vident.'' ‘Everywhere they see bodies stretched along the grass in drunken sleep.’
 }}
+|

@@ Line 161: / Line 161: @@
+|
 |{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
+|{{Comment|for a vivid picture of a Germanic drinking bout, as opposed to a classical or biblical bout, see Beowful lines 491-498. It is perhaps best not to assume that this drinking bout is exclusively Germanic, Classical, or Biblical. SB.}}
 |-
 |[[Waltharius]] [[cunctos1|cunctos]] [[ad]] [[vinum]] [[hortatur]] [[et]] [[escam]].

@@ Line 355: / Line 355: @@
+|
 |{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
-|{{Comment| Cf. the destruction of Heorot in Beowulf. SB}}
+|{{Comment| Cf. the prediction of the destruction of Heorot in Beowulf, trans. Seamus Heaney, p. 7, lines 81-64: "The hall towered, / its gables wide and high and awaiting / a barbarous burning. That doom abided, / but in time it would come" SB}}
 |-
 |[[nullus2|Nullus]], [[qui3|qui]] [[causam]] [[potuisset]] [[scire]], [[remansit]].

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
+|
 |{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
-|{{Comment|288-323	The opening scene of the book of Esther is an important parallel to this feast scene. Here King Xerxes arranges a great feast in Susa “that he might show the riches of the glory of his kingdom, and the greatness, and boasting of his power” (1.4), but his overdrinking leads him to shame himself when upon a drunken demand that his beautiful wife Vashti parade in front of the court she refuses. This leads him to depose his queen and hunt for another, who will be Esther. SB.}}
+|{{Comment|'''288-323'''	The opening scene of the book of Esther is an important parallel to this feast scene. Here King Xerxes arranges a great feast in Susa “that he might show the riches of the glory of his kingdom, and the greatness, and boasting of his power” (1.4), but his overdrinking leads him to shame himself when upon a drunken demand that his beautiful wife Vashti parade in front of the court she refuses. This leads him to depose his queen and hunt for another, who will be Esther. SB.}}
 |-
 |[[Praefinita]] [[dies]] [[epularum]] [[venit2|venit]], [[et]] [[ipse]]
@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
+|
 |{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS|elision=luxuria in}}
-|{{Comment|Luxuria in media residebat denique mensa “and then Luxury settled in the middle of the table”; contrast with 315 where another vice, Drunkenness (Ebrietas), rules the hall. We progress from one vice to another much worse one. Both terms are associated in early Christian sources with sexual impropriety, and specifically sodomy. Ambrose of Milan, De Abraham 1.3.14: “Sodoma enim luxuria atque lasciuia est” (C. Schenkl, ed., CSEL 32.1, Prague1897, 512). Jerome, Commentary on Ezekiel 5.16.552-3: “Sodoma uocatur et Samaria, quarum altera gentilem uitam luxuriam que significat, altera haereticorum decipulas” (F. Glorie, ed. CCSL 75, Turnhout 1964, 202). John Cassian (c. 360 – 435), De institutis coenobiorum et de octo principalium uitiorum remediis libri XII 5.6: “Sodomitis causa subuersionis atque luxuriae non uini crapula, sed saturitas extitit panis” (M. Petschenig, ed., CSEL 17, Vienna 1888, 86). SB.}}
+|{{Comment|'''Luxuria in media residebat denique mensa''' “and then Luxury settled in the middle of the table”; contrast with 315 where another vice, Drunkenness (Ebrietas), rules the hall. We progress from one vice to another much worse one. Both terms are associated in early Christian sources with sexual impropriety, and specifically sodomy. Ambrose of Milan, De Abraham 1.3.14: “Sodoma enim luxuria atque lasciuia est” (C. Schenkl, ed., CSEL 32.1, Prague1897, 512). Jerome, Commentary on Ezekiel 5.16.552-3: “Sodoma uocatur et Samaria, quarum altera gentilem uitam luxuriam que significat, altera haereticorum decipulas” (F. Glorie, ed. CCSL 75, Turnhout 1964, 202). John Cassian (c. 360 – 435), De institutis coenobiorum et de octo principalium uitiorum remediis libri XII 5.6: “Sodomitis causa subuersionis atque luxuriae non uini crapula, sed saturitas extitit panis” (M. Petschenig, ed., CSEL 17, Vienna 1888, 86). SB.}}
 |-
 |[[Ingrediturque]] [[aulam]] [[velis]] [[rex]] [[undique]] [[septam]].
@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
+|
 |{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
-|{{Comment|bissus comspit et ostrum Compare the description of the king’s hall in Esther 1.6: “And there were hung up on every side sky coloured, and green, and violet hangings, fastened with cords of silk, and of purple, which were put into rings of ivory, and were held up with marble pillars. The beds also were of gold and silver, placed in order upon a floor paved with porphyry and white marble: which was embellished with painting of wonderful variety” (“et pendebant ex omni parte tentoria aerii coloris et carpasini et hyacinthini sustentata funibus byssinis atque purpureis qui eburneis circulis inserti erant et columnis marmoreis fulciebantur lectuli quoque aurei et argentei super pavimentum zmaragdino et pario stratum lapide dispositi erant quod mira varietate pictura decorabat”). Luxurious, foreign elements seem to dominate. SB.}}
+|{{Comment|'''bissus comspit et ostrum''' Compare the description of the king’s hall in Esther 1.6: “And there were hung up on every side sky coloured, and green, and violet hangings, fastened with cords of silk, and of purple, which were put into rings of ivory, and were held up with marble pillars. The beds also were of gold and silver, placed in order upon a floor paved with porphyry and white marble: which was embellished with painting of wonderful variety” (“et pendebant ex omni parte tentoria aerii coloris et carpasini et hyacinthini sustentata funibus byssinis atque purpureis qui eburneis circulis inserti erant et columnis marmoreis fulciebantur lectuli quoque aurei et argentei super pavimentum zmaragdino et pario stratum lapide dispositi erant quod mira varietate pictura decorabat”). Luxurious, foreign elements seem to dominate. SB.}}
 |-
 |[[Consedit]] [[laterique]] [[duces]] [[hinc]] [[indeque]] [[binos]]
@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
+|
 |{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
-|{{Comment|accubitus presumably these are not meant to be reclining seats as used by the Romans, but perhaps benches. On the other hand, in keeping with the depiction of the Hunnish court as exotic and luxurious, it is possible that the original valence is intended. SB}}
+|{{Comment|'''accubitus''' presumably these are not meant to be reclining seats as used by the Romans, but perhaps benches. On the other hand, in keeping with the depiction of the Hunnish court as exotic and luxurious, it is possible that the original valence is intended. SB}}
 |-
 |[[Diversasque]] [[dapes]] [[libans]] [[conviva]] [[resudat]].
@@ Line 113: / Line 113: @@
+|
 |{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
-|{{Comment|resudat possibly from the spiciness of the food. But the parallels in Prudentius remind us that this whole passage serves as a warning against drunkenness and luxury, with Esther as the soure of the moral: King Xerxes humiliates himself because he has had too much to drink.exquisitum fervebat migma per aurum Compare the silverware in Esther 1.7: “And they that were invited, drank in golden cups, and the meats were brought in divers vessels one after another. Wine also in abundance and of the best was presented, as was worthy of a king's magnificence.” (“bibebant autem qui invitati erant aureis poculis et aliis atque aliis vasis cibi inferebantur vinum quoque ut magnificentia regia dignum erat abundans et praecipuum ponebatur”). SB.}}
+|{{Comment|'''resudat''' possibly from the spiciness of the food. But the parallels in Prudentius remind us that this whole passage serves as a warning against drunkenness and luxury, with Esther as the soure of the moral: King Xerxes humiliates himself because he has had too much to drink.exquisitum fervebat migma per aurum Compare the silverware in Esther 1.7: “And they that were invited, drank in golden cups, and the meats were brought in divers vessels one after another. Wine also in abundance and of the best was presented, as was worthy of a king's magnificence.” (“bibebant autem qui invitati erant aureis poculis et aliis atque aliis vasis cibi inferebantur vinum quoque ut magnificentia regia dignum erat abundans et praecipuum ponebatur”). SB.}}
 |-
 |[[his3|His]] [[et]] [[sublatis]] [[aliae]] [[referuntur]] [[edendae]],
@@ Line 132: / Line 132: @@
 |{{Pictures|[[image:Waltharius-Lines-299–300.png|thumb]]}}
 |{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=atque exquisitum}}
-|{{Comment|exquisitum fervebat migma per aurum Compare the silverware in Esther 1.7: “And they that were invited, drank in golden cups, and the meats were brought in divers vessels one after another. Wine also in abundance and of the best was presented, as was worthy of a king's magnificence.” (“bibebant autem qui invitati erant aureis poculis et aliis atque aliis vasis cibi inferebantur vinum quoque ut magnificentia regia dignum erat abundans et praecipuum ponebatur”). SB.}}
+|{{Comment|'''exquisitum fervebat migma per aurum''' Compare the silverware in Esther 1.7: “And they that were invited, drank in golden cups, and the meats were brought in divers vessels one after another. Wine also in abundance and of the best was presented, as was worthy of a king's magnificence.” (“bibebant autem qui invitati erant aureis poculis et aliis atque aliis vasis cibi inferebantur vinum quoque ut magnificentia regia dignum erat abundans et praecipuum ponebatur”). SB.}}
 |-
 |[[Aurea]] [[bissina]] [[tantum1|tantum]] [[stant]] [[gausape]] [[vasa]] --
@@ Line 152: / Line 152: @@
+|
 |{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
-|{{Comment|pigmentatus the idea seems to be that the contents were spicy, not that the vessel was painted. Either interpretation, however, would contribute to the louche imagery of this type-scene. SB}}
+|{{Comment|'''pigmentatus''' the idea seems to be that the contents were spicy, not that the vessel was painted. Either interpretation, however, would contribute to the louche imagery of this type-scene. SB}}
 |-
 |[[Illicit]] [[ad]] [[haustum]] [[species1|species]] [[dulcedoque]] [[potus]].
@@ Line 287: / Line 287: @@
 |{{PicturesCont}}
 |{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
-|{{Comment|Ebrietas contrast with line 290. Where luxuria formerly reigned, now ebrietas holds sway. The parallels with the story in the book of Esther are striking, for it is in the context of heavy drinking (cum rex esset hilarior et post nimiam potionem) that the king orders his wife Vashti to parade in front of the whole court to show off her beauty, a request that she fatefully refuses. The term is used in a Carolingian capitulum that bemoans the practice of sodomy in monastic communities (A. Boretius, ed., MGH Capitularia regum Francorum 1, Capitulare Missorum Generale (802), c. 17). SB.}}
+|{{Comment|'''Ebrietas''' contrast with line 290. Where luxuria formerly reigned, now ebrietas holds sway. The parallels with the story in the book of Esther are striking, for it is in the context of heavy drinking (cum rex esset hilarior et post nimiam potionem) that the king orders his wife Vashti to parade in front of the whole court to show off her beauty, a request that she fatefully refuses. The term is used in a Carolingian capitulum that bemoans the practice of sodomy in monastic communities (A. Boretius, ed., MGH Capitularia regum Francorum 1, Capitulare Missorum Generale (802), c. 17). SB.}}
 |-
 |[[Balbutit]] [[madido]] [[facundia]] [[fusa]] [[palato1|palato]],
@@ Line 345: / Line 345: @@
+|
 |{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
-|{{Comment|humotenus “groundwards” a word that the Waltharius poet likes, and which is either a neologism or exceedingly rare (it is absent from the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae and from several other Latin dictionaries), though its meaning is clear enough. SB}}
+|{{Comment|'''humotenus''' “groundwards” a word that the Waltharius poet likes, and which is either a neologism or exceedingly rare (it is absent from the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae and from several other Latin dictionaries), though its meaning is clear enough. SB}}
 |-
 |[[Et]] [[licet]] [[ignicremis]] [[vellet]] [[dare]] [[moenia]] [[flammis]],