Waltharius436

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Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)

Orta dies postquam tenebras discusserat atras,  Aeineid 7.148-149.: cum prima lustrabat lampade terras/ orta dies. . . ‘When the risen day was lighting the earth with her earliest torch. . .’ 12.113-114.: Postera vix summos spargebat lumine montis/ orta dies. ‘The next dawn was just beginning to sprinkle the mountain tops with light.’ Georgics 3.357: Sol pallentis haud umquam discutit umbras. ‘Never does the Sun scatter the pale mists.’ 12.669: ut primum discussae umbrae. . . ‘As soon as the shadows scattered. . .’

 

 DSDSDS 
Portitor exurgens praefatam venit in urbem  Praefatam (found only in later and juridical Latin) equiv. to supra dictam

 

 DSSSDS 
Regalique coco, reliquorum quippe magistro,  SDDSDS 
Detulerat pisces, quos vir dedit ille viator.  Vir…ille viator: i.e., Waltharius

 

 DSSDDS 
Hos dum pigmentis condisset et apposuisset 440  Pigmentis: “spices”

 

 SSSDDS 
Regi Gunthario, miratus fatur ab alto:  Ab alto: sc. solio vel sim.

 

 Aeineid 8.115: tum pater Aeneas puppi sic fatur ab alta. ‘Then father Aeneas speaks thus from the high stern.’ Statius, Thebaid 12.641: curru sic fatur ab alto. ‘He speaks thus from his lofty chariot.’

 

 SDSSDS 
Istius ergo modi pisces mihi Francia numquam  Istius ergo modi pisces: Althof characteristically speculates at length about what fish this could be (visually identifiable, edible, found in the Danube region but not in the Rhine) and decides that it must be the huchen. Fishing as recreation was popular among the nobility of the poet’s time. Ergo is here merely a weak intensifier.

 

 DDSDDS 
Ostendit: reor externis a finibus illos.  SDSSDS 
Dic mihi quantocius: cuias homo detulit illos?'  Quantocius: “the quicker the better”
Cuias homo: “A man of what country?”

 

 DDSDDS 
Ipseque respondens narrat, quod nauta dedisset. 445  Ipse: the cook
Nauta: the ferryman (portitor, line 437)

 

 DSSSDS 
Accersire hominem princeps praecepit eundem;  SDSSDS
Elision: accersire hominem 
Et, cum venisset, de re quaesitus eadem  SSSSDS 
Talia dicta dedit causamque ex ordine pandit:  Aeineid 5.852: talia dicta dabat. ‘He said such words.’ 3.179: remque ordine pando. ‘I reveal all in order.’

 

 DDSSDS
Elision: causamque ex 
Vespere praeterito residebam litore Rheni  Statius, Silvae 2.5.28: litore Rheni. . . ‘From the banks of the Rhine. . .’

 

 DDDSDS 
Conspexique viatorem propere venientem 450  SDSDDS 
Et veluti pugnae certum per membra paratum:  Pugnae certum: “sure he would have a fight”

 

 Aeineid 4.554: iam certus eundi. . . ‘Now that he was resolved on going. . .’

 

 DSSSDS 
Aere etenim penitus fuerat, rex inclite, cinctus  DDDSDS
Elision: aere etenim 
Gesserat et scutum gradiens hastamque coruscam.  Aeineid 12.431: hastamque coruscat. ‘He is brandishing his spear.’

 

 DSDSDS 
Namque viro forti similis fuit, et licet ingens  Aeineid 1.589: os umerosque deo similis. . . ‘Godlike in face and shoulders. . .’

 

 DSDDDS 
Asportaret onus, gressum tamen extulit acrem. 455  Aeneid 10.553: loricam clipeique ingens onus impedit. ‘He pins the corslet and the shield’s huge burden together.’ 2.753: qua gressum extuleram. ‘. . .By which I had left the city.’

 

 SDSDDS 
Hunc incredibili formae decorata nitore  Liber Hester 2.15: erat enim formonsa valde et incredibili pulchritudine. ‘For she was exceeding fair, and with incredible beauty.’ `

 

 SDSDDS 
Assequitur calcemque terit iam calce puella.  Assequitur equiv. to simply sequitur

 

 Aeneid 5.324: calcemque terit iam calce. ‘He grazes foot with foot.’

 

 DSDSDS 
Ipsaque robustum rexit per lora caballum  Caballum: the Vulgar Latin word for equus, rare in Classical authors, but the progenitor of French cheval, Spanish caballo, Italian cavallo, etc.

 

 DSSSDS 
Scrinia bina quidem dorso non parva ferentem,  DDSSDS 
Quae, dum cervicem sonipes discusserit altam 460  SSDSDS 
Atque superba cupit glomerare volumina crurum,  Glomerare volumina crurum: i.e., to flex its long legs.

 

 Georgics 3.117: insultare solo gressus glomerare superbos. ‘. . .To gallop over the earth and round his proud paces.’ 3.192: sinuetque alterna volumina crurum. ‘Let him bend his legs in alternating curves.’

 

 DDDDDS 
Dant sonitum, ceu quis gemmis illiserit aurum.  Aeineid 12.524: dant sonitum spumosi amnes. ‘Foaming rivers roar.’ Statius, Thebaid 5.564: dat sonitum tellus. ‘The earth re-echoes.’

 

 DSSSDS 
Hic mihi praesentes dederat pro munere pisces.'  DSDSDS 
His Hagano auditis -- ad mensam quippe resedit --  DSSSDS
Elision: Hagano auditis 
Laetior in medium prompsit de pectore verbum: 465  DDSSDS 
Congaudete mihi quaeso, quia talia novi:  SDSDDS 
Waltharius collega meus remeavit ab Hunis.'  DSDDDS 
Guntharius princeps ex hac ratione superbus  DSSDDS 
Vociferatur, et omnis ei mox aula reclamat:  DDDSDS 
Congaudete mihi iubeo, quia talia vixi! 470  Iubeo: tellingly replaces Hagen’s humbler quaeso (line 166).

 

 SDDDDS 
Gazam, quam Gibicho regi transmisit eoo,  Eoo equiv. to orientis, i.e., Hunnorum.

 

 SDSSDS 
Nunc mihi cunctipotens huc in mea regna remisit.'  Cuncipotens: sc. Deus

 

 Aeneid 2.543: meque in mea regna remisit. ‘He has sent me back to my realm.’

 

 DDSDDS 
Haec ait et mensam pede perculit exiliensque  DSDDDS 
Ducere equum iubet et sella componere sculpta  Aeineid 10.858: equum duci iubet. ‘He bids his horse be brought.’

 

 DDSSDS
Elision: ducere equum 
Atque omni de plebe viros secum duodenos 475  SSDSDS
Elision: atque omni 
Viribus insignes, animis plerumque probatos  Epistula ad Thessalonicenses 1.2.4: probati sumus a Deo. ‘We are tested by God.’

 

 DSDSDS 
Legerat. inter quos simul ire Haganona iubebat.  DSDDDS
Elision: H-ELISION: ire Haganona 
Qui memor antiquae fidei sociique prioris  DSDDDS 
Nititur a coeptis dominum transvertere rebus.  DSDSDS 
Rex tamen econtra nihilominus instat et infit: 480  Econtra: formed from the preposition and the adverb. Beck gives examples of similar Vulgar Latin combinations that survive in French: de retro (derrière), de intus (dans), de unde (dont).

 

 DSDDDS 
Ne tardate, viri, praecingite corpora ferro  : Aeineid 1.101; 8.539; 12.328: fortia corpora. . . ‘Bodies of the brave. . .’

 

 SDSDDS 
Fortia, squamosus thorax iam terga recondat.  : Aeineid 1.101; 8.539; 12.328: fortia corpora. . . ‘Bodies of the brave. . .’


Prudentius, Hamartigenia 423: . . .squamosum thoraca gerens de pelle colubri. ‘. . .Wearing a scaly breast-plate of snakeskin.’  

 DSSSDS 
Hic tantum gazae Francis deducat ab oris?'  Liber Deuteronomii 1.41: instructi armis. . . ‘Ready armed. . .’ Danihel Propheta 3.22: nam iussio regis urgebat. ‘For the king’s commandment was urgent.’

 

 SSSSDS 
Instructi telis, nam iussio regis adsurget,  SSSDDS 
Exibant portis, te Waltharium cupientes 485  Te Waltharium: apostrophe.

 

 SSSDDS 
Cernere et imbellem lucris fraudare putantes.  Lucris fraudare equiv. to [se eum] armillis fraudaturos

 

 DSSSDS
Elision: cernere et 
Sed tamen omnimodis Hagano prohibere studebat,  DDDDDS 
At rex infelix coeptis resipiscere non vult.  SSSDDS 
« previous  
  • Prologue
  • Introduction: the Huns (1–12)
  • The Huns (13–418)
    • The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)
    • The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)
    • The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)
    • Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)
    • Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)
    • Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)
    • Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)
    • Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)
    • The Escape (215–418)
      • Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)
      • Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)
      • Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)
      • Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)
      • The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)
      • Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)
  • The Single Combats (419–1061)
    • Diplomacy (419–639)
      • Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)
      • Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)
      • Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)
      • Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)
      • Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)
      • Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)
      • Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)
      • Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)
    • Combat (640–1061)
      • 1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)
      • 2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)
      • Gunther encourages his men (720–724)
      • 3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)
      • 4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)
      • 5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)
      • Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)
      • 6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)
      • 7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)
      • Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)
      • 8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)
      • Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)
  • The Final Combat (1062–1452)
    • Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)
    • Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)
    • Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)
    • The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)
    • Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)
    • Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)
    • The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)
    • Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)
    • Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)
    • Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)
    • The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)
  • Epilogue (1453–1456) 
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