Waltharius - User contributions [en]

Waltharius419

2009-12-15T23:50:15Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435) */

===Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)===
{|
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|[[Waltharius]] [[fugiens1|fugiens]], [[ut]] [[dixi]], [[noctibus]] [[ivit]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[Atque]] [[die]] [[saltus]] [[arbustaque]] [[densa]] [[requirens]]
|420
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|[[Arte]] [[accersitas]] [[pariter]] [[capit]] [[arte]] [[volucres]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS|elision=arte accersitas}}
| {{Comment|Walther may seem remarkably well-versed in wilderness survival techniques, knowing two forms of catching birds and fishing. Later medieval heroes, such as the knights of romance, rely more heavily on hospitality at strange castles, and even when readers are told that a knight has spent months in the wilderness, his hunting and fishing techniques are rarely narrated. By contrast, tales of the Norse gods and heroes do depict hunting and fishing. Thor demonstrates his prowess as a fisherman against the world-serpent itself, while Loki and Odin catch and kill and otter for sport, with disastrous consequences. This contrast emphasizes the changing nature of medieval society. By the time of the French and German romances, the Frankish homeland was largely "tamed," made arable and brought under the rule of castles, manors, or towns. Walther seems to be walking instead through a truly wild land, and his heroism relies in part on his ability to draw sustenance from that land. MCD.}}
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|[[Nunc]] [[fallens]] [[visco]], [[nunc]] [[fisso]] [[denique]] [[ligno]].
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|{{Commentary|''Fisso…ligno'': a kind of trap for birds, consisting of a piece of green wood split down the middle with the two halves held apart at one end, such that when a bird arrives, attracted by bait scattered in the middle, the two halves will snap together and break its legs.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Georgics ''1.139-140.: ''tum laqueis captare feras et fallere visco/ inventum. '' ‘Then was discovered how to catch game with traps and to snare birds with lime.’ ''Aeineid'' 9.413-414.: ''hasta. . .fisso transit praecordia ligno. '' ‘The spear pierces the midriff with the broken wood.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Ast]] [[ubi]] [[pervenit]], [[qua]] [[flumina]] [[curva]] [[fluebant]],
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|{{Parallel|''Georgics'' 2.11-12.: ''camposque et flumina late/ curva tenent.'' ‘Far and wide they claim the plains and winding rivers.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
| {{Comment|"flumina...curva": most likely, tributaries of the Rhine and Danube, though at times the geography of the poem seems less literal than topical. In the course of the poem, we see mountains, battle-fields, river-areas, and even a brief glimpse of the ocean, where the Huns' empire supposedly reaches, though in reality, Hunnish hordes never reached the Atlantic. The poem's journeys throughout Europe render it a form of "world tour," so the diverse settings are appropriate. MCD}}
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|[[Immittens]] [[hamum]] [[rapuit]] [[sub]] [[gurgite]] [[praedam]].
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|{{Parallel|''Georgics ''4.395:'' sub gurgite. . .'' ‘Beneath the wave. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
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|[[Atque]] [[famis]] [[pestem]] [[pepulit]] [[tolerando]] [[laborem]].
|425
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS}}
| {{Comment|"famis pestem": an unusual use of "pestem" (pestis, pestis, feminine) which usually refers to a literal plague or disease. In classical Latin, "pestis" can be used metonymically to signify "death," which is probably what the Waltharius-poet intends here, as in "death by hunger." However, the specific phrase is without precedent. MCD [Take a look at Abbo of St. Germain, De bello Parisiaco 1, ed. Migne, PL 132.727B.]}}
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|[[Namque]] [[fugae]] [[toto]] [[se1|se]] [[tempore]] [[virginis]] [[usu]]
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|{{Commentary|''Virginis usu'': The poet praises Waltharius for abstaining from sexual intercourse.
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
| {{Comment|Walther refrains from "use" of Hildegund, which suggests that she carries a different status from the rest of the treasure. As earlier, the poet takes pains to depict a companionate relationship between the two exiles, emphasizing Hildegund's personal, feminine value above mere chattel. See John O. Ward, "After Rome: Medieval Epic," in Roman Epic, ed. A.J. Boyle (Routledge, 1993). MCD}}
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|[[Continuit]] [[vir]] [[Waltharius]] [[laudabilis]] [[heros]].
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| {{Comment|Ward makes much of Walther’s abstention from sex with Hildegund in the wilderness. Instead of treating her as spoils of war, he shows respect for her noble status and her potential to become a wife and mother of heirs. Such heirs would need to be incontestable, not sullied by the shadow of extramarital sex. Hence, the poet repeatedly uses the word "virgo" to describe Hildegund (for example, at lines 110, 235, 248, and 287). Though the term “chivalry” is anachronistic in this context, Walther’s careful respect for Hildegund as a marriageable woman (and thus, a stabilizer of culture) and his avoidance of the sin of lust make him a prototype for the later “domesticated” heroes of romance. For Ward, the poem represents the efforts of the Carolingian church to craft just such religious and domestic values. MCD

Perhaps Walther's abstinence is also connected with the other associations with Lent? [JJTY]}}
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|[[Ecce]] [[quater]] [[denos]] [[sol]] [[circumflexerat]] [[orbes]],
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|{{Commentary|''Quater denos'': the length of time is perhaps of biblical inspiration.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.131: ''circumflectere cursus. . .'' ‘To double round the courses. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
| {{Comment|Walther and Hildegund wander in the wilderness between the land of the Huns and the territory of Worms for forty days, a period which echoes the wandering of the Jews prior to their entrance into the Promised Land (cf. Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy), the number of days and nights that Moses spends on the mountaintop (cf. Exodus 24:18), the period of Christ’s temptation in the desert (cf. Matthew 4:1-11; Mark 1:13-14; Luke 4:1-15), and the length of Lent. The specification of forty days is no accident, but as usual in the poem, the function of such a religious reference is unclear.
It may imply a spiritual significance to Walter’s ordeal, fulfilled in the “justice” meted out by the poem’s peculiar ending. Similarly, if Walter and Hildegund’s journey functions as a kind of Lent, then Walther’s bloody battle might constitute an analogue to Good Friday or other older and more indigenous tales of human sacrifice and rebirth. Indeed, after passing through the carnage and loss of Walther’s single combat, order, friendship, and loyalty are reborn and restored in a kind of resurrection.
The time specification may also emphasize that the Waltharius is a tale preliminary to Walter’s illustrious rule, much as the wanderings of Christ or the Israelites in the desert forms a prelude to a well-known, public career.
Alternatively, the specification of forty days may simply function as yet another vague and attenuated religious reference in the poem, like the references to fauns (ll. 761-763) or Wieland (ll. 965-966). Though Christianity can be assumed to be a more "living" religion to the Waltharius-poet, the references to Christian belief through the poem are almost as enigmatic as the references to Germanic or Roman practice. Christianity has a similarly ambiguous status in Beowulf, so this might be a common feature of Germanic poetry written relatively soon after the introduction of Christianity. MCD}}
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|[[Ex]] [[quo1|quo]] [[Pannonica]] [[fuerat]] [[digressus]] [[ab]] [[urbe]].
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|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Ipso]] [[qui3|qui]]ppe [[die]], [[numerum]] [[qui3|qui]] [[clauserat]] [[istum]],
|430
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|[[Venerat]] [[ad]] [[fluvium]] [[iam]] [[vespere]] [[tum]] [[mediante]],
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|{{Commentary|''Vespere…mediante equiv. to medio vespere''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Iohannem ''7.14: ''iam autem die festo mediante. . .'' ‘Now about the midst of the feast. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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|[[Scilicet]] [[ad]] [[Rhenum]], [[qua]] [[cursus]] [[tendit]] [[ad]] [[urbem]]
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|{{Commentary|''Rhenum'': the Rhine River.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 5.834: ''cursum contendere iussi.'' ‘They are bidden to shape their course.’ 12.909: ''nequiquam avidos extendere cursus/ velle videmur.'' ‘We seem to strive in vain to press on our eager course.’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb|Rhine River]]}}
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|[[Nomine]] [[Wormatiam]] [[regali]] [[sede]] [[nitentem]].
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|{{Commentary|''Wormatiam'': Worms, a city on the Rhine in present-day Germany, here the capital (''regali sede'') of the Franks, now ruled by Gunther. The route that Waltharius is taking home is a very circuitous one.
}}
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|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-52-(Chalons)-or-433-(Worms).png
File:Waltharius-Line-433.png
File:Europe500.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
| {{Comment|Worms has existed at least since the time of Julius Caesar. In the fifth century, it became the Burgundian capital, not the Frankish seat, though it remained an important state center when the Franks came to occupy the Rhineland in later centuries. It features in another German epic, the 12th-century Nibelungenlied, when Gunther and Hagan appear again, this time as Burgundians. The Nibelungenlied, though written during the High Middle Ages, would seem to have roots in earlier myth, like the Waltharius, since versions of the story appear in Scandinavian fragments. Indeed, some echoes of the story might be present in the poem itself. Grimm suggested that line 555's "Franci nebulones" might be corrected as "Franci nivilones," though this theory has not met with great favor (see note to line 555).}}
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|[[Illic]] [[pro]] [[naulo]] [[pisces]] [[dedit]] [[antea]] [[captos]]
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|{{Commentary|''Naulo'': “fare” for being ferried across the river.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Iona Propheta'' 1.3: ''et invenit navem euntem in Tharsis et dedit naulum eius. '' ‘And he found a ship going to Tharsis: and he paid the fare thereof.’
}}
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|{{Comment|Parkes suggests that avarice motivates Walther to pay with fish instead of treasure, and that this is contrasted with the generosity of the ferry-man, who gives the fish to Gunther (460). [AE]}}
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|[[Et]] [[mox]] [[transpositus]] [[graditur]] [[properanter]] [[anhelus]].
|435
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
| {{Comment|The heavily dactylic line imitates the swift movement of Walther and Hildegund's journey. MCD}}
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<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius380|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** '''Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)'''
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
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|[[Waltharius436|next »]]
|[[Waltharius419English|English]]
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|}

Waltharius256

2009-12-15T23:46:19Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286) */

===Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)===
{|
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|[[Addidit]] [[has]] [[imo]] [[virguncula]] [[corde]] [[loquelas]]:
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|{{Commentary|''Virguncula'': the diminutive seems to be used merely ''metri causa''.
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.842: ''funditque has ore loquelas.'' ‘He pours these accents from his lips.’
}}
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|[[Vestrum]] [[velle]] [[meum]], [[solis1|solis]] [[his]] [[aestuo]] [[rebus]].
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|{{Commentary|''Velle'' equiv. to ''voluntas'', cf. Persius 5.53.
}}
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|[[Praecipiat]] [[dominus]], [[seu]] [[prospera1|prospera]] [[sive]] [[sinistra]]
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|[[eius2|Eius]] [[amore]] [[pati]] [[toto1|toto]] [[sum]] [[pectore]] [[praesto]].'
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.356: ''animus toto percepit pectore flammam.'' ‘And her soul has not yet caught the flame throughout her breast.’
}}
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|[[Waltharius]] [[tandem]] [[sic]] [[virginis]] [[inquit]] [[in]] [[aurem]]:
|260
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.547: ''fidam sic fatur ad aurem. '' ‘Thus he speaks into his faithful ear.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="120px" heights="80px" perrow="3">
File:Waltharius-Lines-260–274.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-2.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-3.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260–274-and-passim.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-and-passim_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-and-passim_2.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|{{Comment|'''inquit in aurem''' i.e. “whisper”; cf. Horace, Sermo 1.9.9-10: “in aurem /
dicere nescio quid puero” (“to whisper I know not what to the boy”). SB}}
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|[[publica1|Publica]] [[custodem]] [[rebus]] [[te2|te]] [[nempe]] [[potestas]]
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|[[Fecerat]], [[idcirco]] [[memor2|memor]] [[haec]] [[mea1|mea]] [[verba]] [[notato]]:
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|{{Parallel|Ovid, ''Metamorphoses'' 14.813: ''nam memoro memori animo pia verba notavi.'' ‘For I treasured up thy gracious words in retentive mind, and now recall them to thee.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[Primis]] [[galeam]] [[regis]] [[tunicamque]], [[trilicem]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.467: ''loricam consertam hamis auroque trilicem.'' ‘A breatplate triple-woven with hooks of gold.’ 5.259: ''levibus huic hamis consertam auroque trilicem.'' ‘A coat of mail, linked with polished hooks of triple gold.’ 7.639-640.: ''clipeumque auroque trilicem/ loricam induitur. '' ‘He dons his shield and coat of mail, triple-linked with gold.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|'''263-65''' Cf. 334-339, where Walter’s actual arms and armor are described in greater detail: “Imposuit capiti rubras cum casside cristas / Ingentesque ocreis suras complectitur aureis / Et laevum femur ancipiti praecinxerat ense / Atque alio dextrum pro ritu Pannoniarum: / Is tamen ex una tantum dat vulnera parte. Tunc hastam dextra rapiens clipeumque sinistra” (“Then places on his head a crimson-crested helmet / And wraps his massive calves in greaves of gold; he girds / A two-edged sword on his left thigh; and following / The manner of the Huns, another on his right: / This one, however, will wound only from one edge. / His right hand grasps a spear; his left hand grasps a shield.” Kratz). Here, by contrast, Walter asks only for armor from Hildegund, i.e. defensive gear, not offensive weapons. This may be of significance, as his departure is presented by Ospirin, at 376-377, as the ruin of what upheld and defended the Huns: “En hodie imperii vestri cecidisse column / Noscitur en robur procul ivit et inclitsa virtus” (“Behold, today, the column of your empire is known from afair to have fallen; behold its bulwark and its famous courage have gone.” Not Kratz). It is especially significant, and symbolic, that Walter is asking for the king’s own armor. The gear requested is the king’s galea, “helmet,” and tunica, “byrnie,” which is described as a trilix lorica, “three-fold cuirass” that “bears the mark of smiths.” See Althof for the significance of smith-work in so-called Germanic culture. Ziolkowski 2008 discusses the physical nature of some of these arms in an early medieval context. SB

The second of the two Anglo-Saxon Waldere fragments includes an eight-line description of Waldere's "byrne." Although the byrnie in this account is not three-fold, it is "æðelinges reaf" (the garment of the prince). [AE]}}
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|[[Assero]] [[loricam]] [[fabrorum]] [[insigne]] [[ferentem]],
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|{{Commentary|''Assero'': “I mean” (specifying the ''tunica'' as the ''lorica'')
}}
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|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=fabrorum insigne}}
|{{Comment|'''assero''' perhaps simply “I mean” as the Kratz 1984 translation suggests, i.e. clarifying which tunica exactly ought to be taken (“I mean the three-fold cuirass…”), but assero may have a more symbolic meaning here. It was originally a technical term for the liberation of a slave, but it came to mean an act of appropriation or a claim of ownership (Thesaurus Linguae Latinae). In line with the fact that Walter is taking the king’s own armor, this technical or juridical sense of the verb may be significant, i.e. he is "asserting" his right to the king’s personal defense, since he himself is that defense. This assertion undergirds Ospirin’s fears that Walter’s departure means the loss of the Hunnish bulwark (376-77). SB}}
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|[[Diripe]], [[bina1|bina]] [[dehinc]] [[mediocria]] [[scrinia|scrinia ]][[tolle]].
|265
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|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|{{Comment| '''scrinia''' these are presumably large casks. In medieval Latin scrinium often described the cases in which books or papers were held, and by extension, "archives" and later government "offices" (Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, Niermeyer; though also "reliquaries"). Our ability to visualize these carrying cases is assisted somewhat by 269, where one is described as a vas, “vessel” but also “pack,” “kit,” and 330 where Walter attaches them, in the manner of panniers, to the horse: “Scrinia plena gazae lateri suspendit utrique” (“On either side he hangs the coffers filled with treasure.” Kratz). Whether the poet imagines these to be bags, boxes, or circular casks, however, is hard to say. We know they must be relatively large (despite mediocria), since Walter commands Hildegund to fill them till she can scarcely lift them: "His armillarum tantum da Pannonicarum / Donec vix unum releves ad pectoris imum" ("fill these with so many arm-rings of the Huns / That you can scarcely lift one just up to your breast," 266-267, Kratz). But their shape and appearance remain mysterious. Inconveniently, although Isidore of Seville (d. 636) does include "scrinium" in Etymologies 20.ix (De vasis repositoriis, on storage containers), this is one of those words (like "stuprum" and "texere") that Isidore never got around to etymologizing. It appears between coffer (mozicia) and bag (saccus), but all that is said is the word "scrinium." Modern etymologists concur that the earliest form of the word referred specifically to a container for papers or books (M. de Vaan, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden, 2008, 547; A Ernout et Antoine Meillet, Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine, 4th edn, Paris, 1959, 605). It would be interesting to pursue the notion that the poet is implying that the "riches" are allegorical for some sort of books (or some sort of literature - pagan? Germanic?), but since "scrinium" can be a container of any sort perhaps this is unlikely. SB.}}
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|[[his6|His]] [[armillarum]] [[tantum1|tantum]] [[da ]][[Pannonicarum]],
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|{{Commentary|''Armillarum'': “arm-rings” of gold or silver, such as were worn by Germanic warriors. Here they are a valuable treasure with an important role in the plot.
}}
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|{{PicturesCont}}
{{Pictures|<gallery widths="120px" heights="80px" perrow="3">
File:Waltharius-Lines-260–274.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-2.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-3.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260–274-and-passim.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-and-passim_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-and-passim_2.png
File:Europe500.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|'''armillarum''' “arm bands”; rings of precious metal were a common currency for the remuneration of warriors in early medieval kingship. See J. R. Maddicott “Power and Prosperity in the Age of Bede and Beowulf,” Proceedings of the British Academy 117 (2002), 49-71 for some of the intricacies of supporting Germanic kingship on a material level. Compare also Alfred the Great’s translation of Boethius (late ninth century): “In the case of the king, the resources and tools with which to rule are that he must have his land fully manned: he must have praying men, fighting men, and working men. You know also that without these tools no king may make his ability known…[and] he must have the means of support for his tools, the three classes of men. These, then, are their means of support: land to live on, gifts, weapons, food, ale, clothing, and whatever else is necessary…” in Simon Keynes and Michael Lapidge, Asser’s Life of King Alfred and other contemporary sources (London, 1983), 132. See Ziolkowski 2008 for discussion of the arm bands within this matrix of early medieval kingship. On a more literary level, the strife that these arm bands will cause is foreshadowed by the heavy spondaic feel of both this line and the preceding line (SSSSDS), in the same way that Aen. 4.124 "speluncam Dido dux et Troianus eandem" foreshadows the fateful consequences of the flight of Dido and Aeneas to the cave in which they consummate their union. SB}}
|-
|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vix]] [[unum1|unum]] [[releves]] [[ad]] [[pectoris]] [[imum1|imum]].
|
|
|
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[de]] [[quater]] [[binum]] [[mihi]] [[fac]] [[de]] [[more]] [[coturnum]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Quater binum…coturnum'': i.e., “four pairs of shoes.”
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.318: '' de more''. . . ‘According to custom. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|{{Comment|'''coturnum''' the word coturnus or cothurnus is originally the name of a high boot or buskin used to increase the height of a tragic actor in ancient Greek drama, and consequently the word can also refer to a tragic actor himself (Thesaurus Linguae Latinae). Presumably such shoes are not what the poet has in mind. It is possible that tragic or heroic undertones are being summoned here, but unlikely. What sort of shoes these are envisioned as by the poet is probably lost to us, and it is hard to say whether de more refers to a common way of making shoes or whether it is being suggested that Hildegund often makes shoes (a fact of some anthropological interest if the poet is also suggesting that shoe-making is a gendered activity). SB.}}
|
|-
|[[Tantundemque]] [[tibi]] [[patrans]] [[imponito]] [[vasis]]:
|
|{{Commentary|''Patrans'': perfect in meaning ''Vasis'' equiv. to ''scriniis''
}}
|
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sic]] [[fors]] [[ad]] [[summum1|summum]] [[complentur]] [[scrinia1|scrinia]] [[labrum]].
|270
|
|
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|note the heavy, spondaic meter. Perhaps the poet means to emphasize the fateful nature of greed. SB.}}
|-
|[[super]] [[a]] [[fabris]] [[hamos]] [[clam]] [[posce]] [[retortos]]:
|
|
|
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nostra2|Nostra]] [[viatica]] [[sint]] [[pisces1|pisces]] [[simul]] [[atque]] [[volucres1|volucres]],
|
|
|
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Ipse]] [[ego]] [[piscator]], [[sed1|sed]] [[et]] [[auceps]] [[esse]] [[coartor]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Coartor'' equiv. to ''cogar''
}}
|
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=ipse ego}}
|{{Comment|Again, Walter does not ask for any weapons in his instructions to Hildegund, not even for proper hunting. Instead, he requests fishing gear. Fishing in the middle ages carries a strong Christian resonance. Important apostles were of course fishermen to begin with. Christ summons his apostles Simon Peter and Andrew (both fishermen) to become “fishers of men” (Mark 1.17, Matthew 4.18). Nor is this the only section of the bible in which Christ and fishing are linked (see also Luke 9.13-16, Matthew 14.16-21, Matthew 15.34-38, John 21.5-6, and Luke 5.5-6, inter alia). Cassiodorus recommended fishing to his monks at Vivarium. In the later middle ages, canonical writers deemed it proper for a cleric or monk to fish, but improper for one to hunt. Any straightforward Christian messages here are complicated by auceps, however. SB}}
|
|-
|[[haec2|Haec]] [[intra]] [[ebdomadam]] [[caute]] [[per]] [[singula]] [[comple]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Ebdomadam'': “week”
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 8.618: ''oculos per singula volvit.'' ‘He moves his eyes from piece to piece.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=intra ebdomadam}}
|
|-
|[[Audistis]], [[quid6|quid]] [[habere]] [[vianti]] [[forte]] [[necesse1|necesse]] [[est]].
|275
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=necesse est}}
|
|-
|[[Nunc]] [[quo]] [[more]] [[fugam]] [[valeamus]] [[inire]], [[recludo]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.115-116.: ''nunc qua ratione quod instat/ confiere possit. . .'' ‘Now in what way the present purpose can be achieved. . .’ 8.49: ''nunc qua ratione quod instat/ expedias victor. . .'' ‘Now in what way you can make your way triumphant. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|{{Comment|the "flight" is mirrored by a quick, dactyl-filled meter. SB.}}
|-
|[[Postquam]] [[septenos]] [[Phoebus]] [[remeaverit]] [[orbes]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.64-65.:'' si nona diem mortalibus almum/ Aurora extulerit. . .''''Teucris ponam certamina classis.'' ‘Should the ninth Dawn lift her kindly light for mortals. . .I will ordain contests for the Trojans.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[regi1|Regi]] [[ac]] [[regi1|regi]]nae [[satrapis1|satrapis]] [[ducibus]] [[famulisque]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 1.3: ''fecit grande convivium cunctis principibus et pueris suis fortissimis Persarum et Medorum inclitis et praefectis provinciarum coram se. '' ‘He made a great feast for all the princes, and for his servants, for the most mighty of the Persians, and the nobles of the Medes, and the governors of the provinces in his sight.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS|elision=regi ac}}
|{{Comment|'''satrapis''' here evidently referring to high nobility. The poet occasionally uses it to describe a king as well. The term is used to describe royal officials in the Book of Esther (3.12), an important parallel for this section of the poem. SB.

'''I felt satrape has a coherent meaning in the Waltharius, such as vassal, or noble man who is below the king, who is noble but dependent. But you might disagree. BK'''}}
|-
|[[Sumptu]] [[permagno]] [[convivia]] [[laeta]] [[parabo]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Atque]] [[omni1|omni]] [[ingenio]] [[potu]] [[sepelire]] [[studebo]],
|280
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.265: ''invadunt urbem somno vinoque sepultam.'' ‘They storm the city, buried in sleep and wine.’ 3.630: ''vinoque sepultus''. . . ‘Drowned in wine. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS|elision=atque omni; omni ingenio}}
|{{Comment|'''omni ingenio''' cf. Isidore, Synonyma 1.24: "Omni ope, omni vi, '''omni ingenio''', omni virtute, omni arte, omni ratione, omni consilio, omni instantia sume luctamen contra corporales molestias" ("With all your effort, all your strength, '''all your wit''', all your art, all your reason, all your counsel, all your concentration take up the struggle against bodily troubles"). SB. FYI, this text was indeed very influential in early medieval Germanic cultures or at least in Anglo-Saxon England, partly because of its utility in helping non-Romance-speakers to acquire Latin vocabulary. See Claudia Di Sciacca, Finding the right words: Isidore's Synonyma in Anglo-Saxon England (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008.) JZ}}
|-
|[[Donec]] [[nullus1|nullus]] [[erit]], [[qui3|qui]] [[sentiat]] [[hoc4|hoc]], [[quod1|quod]] [[agendum]] [[est]].
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS|apheresis=agendum est
}}
|
|-
|[[Tu]] [[tamen]] [[interea1|interea]] [[mediocriter]] [[utere]] [[vino]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.422: ''tu tamen interea''. . . ‘You, meanwhile. . .’ 1 Timothy 5.23: "vino modico utere."
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Atque]] [[sitim]] [[vix]] [[ad]] [[mensam]] [[restinguere]] [[cura2|cura]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Ad mensam'': “at table,” i.e., during the meal.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 5.47: ''sitim restinguere rivo. . .'' ‘The slaking of thirst in a rill. . .’ ''Aeneid'' 2.686: ''restinguere fontibus ignis . . . '' ‘To quench with water the fires. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Cum]] [[reliqui1|reliqui]] [[surgant]], [[ad]] [[opuscula]] [[nota1|nota]] [[recurre]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Ast]] [[ubi]] [[iam]] [[cunctos1|cunctos]] [[superat]] [[violentia]] [[potus]],
|285
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS}}
|{{Comment|'''violentia potus''' violentia as opposed to vis underscores the moral irresponsibility of the king’s court in its drunkenness. Cf. the “excessive drink” which prompts Xerxes to act irresponsibly in Esther 1.10. SB.

Parkes claims that this flight, combined with the theft of treasure, would have been punishable by death under "Germanic law" (460). [AE]}}
|-
|[[Tum]] [[simul]] [[occiduas]] [[properemus]] [[quaerere]] [[partes]].'
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|'''occiduas…partes''' occiduus is a common adjective for such scenes in Statius (Thebaid 1.200, 3.33, 4.283, 5.477, 5.538, and 10.84) and in early medieval authors (e.g. the Gesta Berengarii) who admired him. SB}}
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius215|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** '''Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)'''
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius287|next »]]
|[[Waltharius256English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius617

2009-12-15T21:47:28Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639) */

===Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)===
{|
|-
|[[Tunc]] [[Hagano]] [[ad]] [[regem]]: '[[porrectam]] [[suscipe]] [[gazam]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=Hagano ad}}
|
|-
|[[hac2|Hac]] [[potis]] [[es]] [[decorare]], [[pater1|pater]], [[tecum]] [[comitantes]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Pater'': a sign of respect, not relationship.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Actus Apostolorum'' 9.7: ''qui comitabantur cum eo. . .'' ‘Those who went in company with him. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[modo]] [[de]] [[pugna]] [[palmam]] [[revocare]] [[memento]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Palmam revocare'': “stay your hand,” perhaps a play on the idea of ''palmam referre'', i.e., be victorious through restraint.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Ignotus]] [[tibi1|tibi]] [[Waltharius]] [[et]] [[maxima]] [[virtus]].
|620
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|falsequantities=Waltharius}}
|
|-
|[[ut1|Ut]] [[mihi]] [[praeterita]] [[portendit]] [[visio]] [[nocte]],
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Non]], [[si]] [[conserimus]], [[nos1|nos]] [[prospera]] [[cuncta2|cuncta]] [[sequentur]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 8.15: ''si fortuna sequatur. . .'' ‘Should fortune attend him. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Visum]] [[quippe]] [[mihi]] [[te3|te]] [[colluctarier]] [[urso]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Colluctarier'': from ''con-luctari''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[qui3|Qui]] [[post1|post]] [[conflictus]] [[longos]] [[tibi1|tibi]] [[mordicus]] [[unum1|unum]]
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Crus]] [[cum2|cum]] [[poplite]] [[ad]] [[usque]] [[femur]] [[decerpserat]] [[omne1|omne]]
|625
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=poplite ad}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[mox]] [[auxilio]] [[subeuntem]] [[ac]] [[tela]] [[ferentem2|ferentem]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 2.216-217.: ''post ipsum, auxilio subeuntem ac tela ferentem,/ corripiunt.'' ‘Then himself too, as he comes to their aid, weapons in hand, they seize.’ 2.213: ''Laocoonta petunt.'' ‘They seek Laocoon.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=subeuntem ac}}
|
|-
|[[me1|Me]] [[petit]] [[atque]] [[oculum]] [[cum2|cum]] [[dentibus]] [[eruit]] [[unum]].'
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 2.216-217.: ''post ipsum, auxilio subeuntem ac tela ferentem,/ corripiunt.'' ‘Then himself too, as he comes to their aid, weapons in hand, they seize.’ 2.213: ''Laocoonta petunt.'' ‘They seek Laocoon.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS|elision=atque oculum}}
|
|-
|[[his5|His]] [[animadversis]] [[clamat]] [[rex]] [[ille]] [[superbus]]:
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ut1|Ut]] [[video]], [[genitorem]] [[imitaris]] [[Hagathien]] [[ipse2|ipse]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Hagathien'': Hagen’s father has a different name in the ''Nibelungenlied'', but Althof takes this name to represent an older tradition.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.377-378.: ''larga quidem semper, Drance, tibi copia fandi/ tum cum bella manus poscunt. . .sed non replenda est curia verbis,/ quae tuto tibi magna volant, dum distinet hostem/ agger murorum. . .an tibi Mavors/ ventosa in lingua pedibusque fugacibus istis/ semper erit? '' ‘Drances, you always have a full flow of speech at the time when battle calls for hands. . .But we need not fill the council house with words--those big words that fly from your lips when you are safe, while the rampart walls keep off the foe. . .Will your spirit of war always remain in your windy tongue and those runaway feet of yours?’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS|elision=genitorem imitaris}}
|
|-
|[[hic2|Hic]] [[quoque]] [[perpavidam]] [[gelido]] [[sub]] [[pectore]] [[mentem]]
|630
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.377-378.: ''larga quidem semper, Drance, tibi copia fandi/ tum cum bella manus poscunt. . .sed non replenda est curia verbis,/ quae tuto tibi magna volant, dum distinet hostem/ agger murorum. . .an tibi Mavors/ ventosa in lingua pedibusque fugacibus istis/ semper erit? '' ‘Drances, you always have a full flow of speech at the time when battle calls for hands. . .But we need not fill the council house with words--those big words that fly from your lips when you are safe, while the rampart walls keep off the foe. . .Will your spirit of war always remain in your windy tongue and those runaway feet of yours?’
 ''Aeineid'' 1.36; 4.67: ''sub pectore. . .'' ‘Deep in her heart. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Gesserat]] [[et]] [[multis2|multis]] [[fastidit]] [[proelia]] [[verbis]].'
|
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|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Tunc]] [[heros]] [[magnam]] [[iuste]] [[conceperat]] [[iram]],
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[tamen]] [[in]] [[dominum]] [[licitum est]] [[irascier]] [[ullum]].
|
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|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS|apheresis=licitum est
}}
|
|-
|[[En]]' [[ait]] '[[in]] [[vestris]] [[consistant]] [[omnia2|omnia]] [[telis]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 9.52: '' ‘en,’ ait.'' ‘ “See!” he cries.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Est]] [[in]] [[conspectu]], [[quem1|quem]] [[vultis]]. [[dimicet]] [[omnis2|omnis]].
|635
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 2.21: ''est in conspectu Tenedos.'' ‘There lies in sight Tenedos.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Comminus]] [[astatis]] [[nec]] [[iam]] [[timor]] [[impedit]] [[ullum1|ullum]];
|
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|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Eventum]] [[videam]] [[nec]] [[consors]] [[sim]] [[spoliorum]].'
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 8.16: ''eventum pugnae cupiat.'' ‘The outcome of the feud he craves.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Dixerat]] [[et]] [[collem]] [[petiit]] [[mox]] [[ipse]] [[propinquum]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 7.212: '' dixerat, et. . .'' ‘He spoke, and. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Descendensque]] [[ab]] [[equo]] [[consedit]] [[et]] [[aspicit]] [[illo1|illo]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS|elision=descendensque ab}}
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|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius581|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** '''Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)'''
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
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|[[Waltharius640|next »]]
|[[Waltharius617English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius256

2009-12-15T21:43:28Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286) */

===Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)===
{|
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|[[Addidit]] [[has]] [[imo]] [[virguncula]] [[corde]] [[loquelas]]:
|
|{{Commentary|''Virguncula'': the diminutive seems to be used merely ''metri causa''.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.842: ''funditque has ore loquelas.'' ‘He pours these accents from his lips.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[Vestrum]] [[velle]] [[meum]], [[solis1|solis]] [[his]] [[aestuo]] [[rebus]].
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|{{Commentary|''Velle'' equiv. to ''voluntas'', cf. Persius 5.53.
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[Praecipiat]] [[dominus]], [[seu]] [[prospera1|prospera]] [[sive]] [[sinistra]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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|[[eius2|Eius]] [[amore]] [[pati]] [[toto1|toto]] [[sum]] [[pectore]] [[praesto]].'
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.356: ''animus toto percepit pectore flammam.'' ‘And her soul has not yet caught the flame throughout her breast.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[Waltharius]] [[tandem]] [[sic]] [[virginis]] [[inquit]] [[in]] [[aurem]]:
|260
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.547: ''fidam sic fatur ad aurem. '' ‘Thus he speaks into his faithful ear.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="120px" heights="80px" perrow="3">
File:Waltharius-Lines-260–274.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-2.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-3.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260–274-and-passim.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-and-passim_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-and-passim_2.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|{{Comment|'''inquit in aurem''' i.e. “whisper”; cf. Horace, Sermo 1.9.9-10: “in aurem /
dicere nescio quid puero” (“to whisper I know not what to the boy”). SB}}
|-
|[[publica1|Publica]] [[custodem]] [[rebus]] [[te2|te]] [[nempe]] [[potestas]]
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|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Fecerat]], [[idcirco]] [[memor2|memor]] [[haec]] [[mea1|mea]] [[verba]] [[notato]]:
|
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|{{Parallel|Ovid, ''Metamorphoses'' 14.813: ''nam memoro memori animo pia verba notavi.'' ‘For I treasured up thy gracious words in retentive mind, and now recall them to thee.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS}}
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|[[Primis]] [[galeam]] [[regis]] [[tunicamque]], [[trilicem]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.467: ''loricam consertam hamis auroque trilicem.'' ‘A breatplate triple-woven with hooks of gold.’ 5.259: ''levibus huic hamis consertam auroque trilicem.'' ‘A coat of mail, linked with polished hooks of triple gold.’ 7.639-640.: ''clipeumque auroque trilicem/ loricam induitur. '' ‘He dons his shield and coat of mail, triple-linked with gold.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|'''263-65''' Cf. 334-339, where Walter’s actual arms and armor are described in greater detail: “Imposuit capiti rubras cum casside cristas / Ingentesque ocreis suras complectitur aureis / Et laevum femur ancipiti praecinxerat ense / Atque alio dextrum pro ritu Pannoniarum: / Is tamen ex una tantum dat vulnera parte. Tunc hastam dextra rapiens clipeumque sinistra” (“Then places on his head a crimson-crested helmet / And wraps his massive calves in greaves of gold; he girds / A two-edged sword on his left thigh; and following / The manner of the Huns, another on his right: / This one, however, will wound only from one edge. / His right hand grasps a spear; his left hand grasps a shield.” Kratz). Here, by contrast, Walter asks only for armor from Hildegund, i.e. defensive gear, not offensive weapons. This may be of significance, as his departure is presented by Ospirin, at 376-377, as the ruin of what upheld and defended the Huns: “En hodie imperii vestri cecidisse column / Noscitur en robur procul ivit et inclitsa virtus” (“Behold, today, the column of your empire is known from afair to have fallen; behold its bulwark and its famous courage have gone.” Not Kratz). It is especially significant, and symbolic, that Walter is asking for the king’s own armor. The gear requested is the king’s galea, “helmet,” and tunica, “byrnie,” which is described as a trilix lorica, “three-fold cuirass” that “bears the mark of smiths.” See Althof for the significance of smith-work in so-called Germanic culture. Ziolkowski 2008 discusses the physical nature of some of these arms in an early medieval context. SB

The second of the two Anglo-Saxon Waldere fragments includes an eight-line description of Waldere's "byrne." Although the byrnie in this account is not three-fold, it is "æðelinges reaf" (the garment of the prince). [AE]}}
|
|-
|[[Assero]] [[loricam]] [[fabrorum]] [[insigne]] [[ferentem]],
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|{{Commentary|''Assero'': “I mean” (specifying the ''tunica'' as the ''lorica'')
}}
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|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=fabrorum insigne}}
|{{Comment|'''assero''' perhaps simply “I mean” as the Kratz 1984 translation suggests, i.e. clarifying which tunica exactly ought to be taken (“I mean the three-fold cuirass…”), but assero may have a more symbolic meaning here. It was originally a technical term for the liberation of a slave, but it came to mean an act of appropriation or a claim of ownership (Thesaurus Linguae Latinae). In line with the fact that Walter is taking the king’s own armor, this technical or juridical sense of the verb may be significant, i.e. he is "asserting" his right to the king’s personal defense, since he himself is that defense. This assertion undergirds Ospirin’s fears that Walter’s departure means the loss of the Hunnish bulwark (376-77). SB}}
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|[[Diripe]], [[bina1|bina]] [[dehinc]] [[mediocria]] [[scrinia|scrinia ]][[tolle]].
|265
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|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|{{Comment| '''scrinia''' these are presumably large casks. In medieval Latin scrinium often described the cases in which books or papers were held, and by extension, "archives" and later government "offices" (Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, Niermeyer; though also "reliquaries"). Our ability to visualize these carrying cases is assisted somewhat by 269, where one is described as a vas, “vessel” but also “pack,” “kit,” and 330 where Walter attaches them, in the manner of panniers, to the horse: “Scrinia plena gazae lateri suspendit utrique” (“On either side he hangs the coffers filled with treasure.” Kratz). Whether the poet imagines these to be bags, boxes, or circular casks, however, is hard to say. We know they must be relatively large (despite mediocria), since Walter commands Hildegund to fill them till she can scarcely lift them: "His armillarum tantum da Pannonicarum / Donec vix unum releves ad pectoris imum" ("fill these with so many arm-rings of the Huns / That you can scarcely lift one just up to your breast," 266-267, Kratz). But their shape and appearance remain mysterious. Inconveniently, although Isidore of Seville (d. 636) does include "scrinium" in Etymologies 20.ix (De vasis repositoriis, on storage containers), this is one of those words (like "stuprum" and "texere") that Isidore never got around to etymologizing. It appears between coffer (mozicia) and bag (saccus), but all that is said is the word "scrinium." Modern etymologists concur that the earliest form of the word referred specifically to a container for papers or books (M. de Vaan, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden, 2008, 547; A Ernout et Antoine Meillet, Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine, 4th edn, Paris, 1959, 605). It would be interesting to pursue the notion that the poet is implying that the "riches" are allegorical for some sort of books (or some sort of literature - pagan? Germanic?), but since "scrinium" can be a container of any sort perhaps this is unlikely. SB.}}
|-
|[[his6|His]] [[armillarum]] [[tantum1|tantum]] [[da ]][[Pannonicarum]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Armillarum'': “arm-rings” of gold or silver, such as were worn by Germanic warriors. Here they are a valuable treasure with an important role in the plot.
}}
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|{{PicturesCont}}
{{Pictures|<gallery widths="120px" heights="80px" perrow="3">
File:Waltharius-Lines-260–274.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-2.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-3.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260–274-and-passim.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-and-passim_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-260-274-and-passim_2.png
File:Europe500.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|'''armillarum''' “arm bands”; rings of precious metal were a common currency for the remuneration of warriors in early medieval kingship. See J. R. Maddicott “Power and Prosperity in the Age of Bede and Beowulf,” Proceedings of the British Academy 117 (2002), 49-71 for some of the intricacies of supporting Germanic kingship on a material level. Compare also Alfred the Great’s translation of Boethius (late ninth century): “In the case of the king, the resources and tools with which to rule are that he must have his land fully manned: he must have praying men, fighting men, and working men. You know also that without these tools no king may make his ability known…[and] he must have the means of support for his tools, the three classes of men. These, then, are their means of support: land to live on, gifts, weapons, food, ale, clothing, and whatever else is necessary…” in Simon Keynes and Michael Lapidge, Asser’s Life of King Alfred and other contemporary sources (London, 1983), 132. See Ziolkowski 2008 for discussion of the arm bands within this matrix of early medieval kingship. On a more literary level, the strife that these arm bands will cause is foreshadowed by the heavy spondaic feel of both this line and the preceding line (SSSSDS), in the same way that Aen. 4.124 "speluncam Dido dux et Troianus eandem" foreshadows the fateful consequences of the flight of Dido and Aeneas to the cave in which they consummate their union. SB}}
|-
|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vix]] [[unum1|unum]] [[releves]] [[ad]] [[pectoris]] [[imum1|imum]].
|
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|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
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|[[de]] [[quater]] [[binum]] [[mihi]] [[fac]] [[de]] [[more]] [[coturnum]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Quater binum…coturnum'': i.e., “four pairs of shoes.”
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.318: '' de more''. . . ‘According to custom. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|{{Comment|'''coturnum''' the word coturnus or cothurnus is originally the name of a high boot or buskin used to increase the height of a tragic actor in ancient Greek drama, and consequently the word can also refer to a tragic actor himself (Thesaurus Linguae Latinae). Presumably such shoes are not what the poet has in mind. It is possible that tragic or heroic undertones are being summoned here, but unlikely. What sort of shoes these are envisioned as by the poet is probably lost to us, and it is hard to say whether de more refers to a common way of making shoes or whether it is being suggested that Hildegund often makes shoes (a fact of some anthropological interest if the poet is also suggesting that shoe-making is a gendered activity). SB.}}
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|[[Tantundemque]] [[tibi]] [[patrans]] [[imponito]] [[vasis]]:
|
|{{Commentary|''Patrans'': perfect in meaning ''Vasis'' equiv. to ''scriniis''
}}
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|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[Sic]] [[fors]] [[ad]] [[summum1|summum]] [[complentur]] [[scrinia1|scrinia]] [[labrum]].
|270
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|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|note the heavy, spondaic meter. Perhaps the poet means to emphasize the fateful nature of greed. SB.}}
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|[[super]] [[a]] [[fabris]] [[hamos]] [[clam]] [[posce]] [[retortos]]:
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|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[nostra2|Nostra]] [[viatica]] [[sint]] [[pisces1|pisces]] [[simul]] [[atque]] [[volucres1|volucres]],
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|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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|[[Ipse]] [[ego]] [[piscator]], [[sed1|sed]] [[et]] [[auceps]] [[esse]] [[coartor]].
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|{{Commentary|''Coartor'' equiv. to ''cogar''
}}
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|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=ipse ego}}
|{{Comment|Again, Walter does not ask for any weapons in his instructions to Hildegund, not even for proper hunting. Instead, he requests fishing gear. Fishing in the middle ages carries a strong Christian resonance. Important apostles were of course fishermen to begin with. Christ summons his apostles Simon Peter and Andrew (both fishermen) to become “fishers of men” (Mark 1.17, Matthew 4.18). Nor is this the only section of the bible in which Christ and fishing are linked (see also Luke 9.13-16, Matthew 14.16-21, Matthew 15.34-38, John 21.5-6, and Luke 5.5-6, inter alia). Cassiodorus recommended fishing to his monks at Vivarium. In the later middle ages, canonical writers deemed it proper for a cleric or monk to fish, but improper for one to hunt. Any straightforward Christian messages here are complicated by auceps, however. SB}}
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|[[haec2|Haec]] [[intra]] [[ebdomadam]] [[caute]] [[per]] [[singula]] [[comple]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Ebdomadam'': “week”
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 8.618: ''oculos per singula volvit.'' ‘He moves his eyes from piece to piece.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=intra ebdomadam}}
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|[[Audistis]], [[quid6|quid]] [[habere]] [[vianti]] [[forte]] [[necesse1|necesse]] [[est]].
|275
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=necesse est}}
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|[[Nunc]] [[quo]] [[more]] [[fugam]] [[valeamus]] [[inire]], [[recludo]]:
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.115-116.: ''nunc qua ratione quod instat/ confiere possit. . .'' ‘Now in what way the present purpose can be achieved. . .’ 8.49: ''nunc qua ratione quod instat/ expedias victor. . .'' ‘Now in what way you can make your way triumphant. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|{{Comment|the "flight" is mirrored by a quick, dactyl-filled meter. SB.}}
|-
|[[Postquam]] [[septenos]] [[Phoebus]] [[remeaverit]] [[orbes]],
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.64-65.:'' si nona diem mortalibus almum/ Aurora extulerit. . .''''Teucris ponam certamina classis.'' ‘Should the ninth Dawn lift her kindly light for mortals. . .I will ordain contests for the Trojans.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|[[regi1|Regi]] [[ac]] [[regi1|regi]]nae [[satrapis1|satrapis]] [[ducibus]] [[famulisque]]
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|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 1.3: ''fecit grande convivium cunctis principibus et pueris suis fortissimis Persarum et Medorum inclitis et praefectis provinciarum coram se. '' ‘He made a great feast for all the princes, and for his servants, for the most mighty of the Persians, and the nobles of the Medes, and the governors of the provinces in his sight.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS|elision=regi ac}}
|{{Comment|'''satrapis''' here evidently referring to high nobility. The poet occasionally uses it to describe a king as well. The term is used to describe royal officials in the Book of Esther (3.12), an important parallel for this section of the poem. SB.

'''I felt satrape has a coherent meaning in the Waltharius, such as vassal, or noble man who is below the king, who is noble but dependent. But you might disagree. BK'''}}
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|[[Sumptu]] [[permagno]] [[convivia]] [[laeta]] [[parabo]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|[[Atque]] [[omni1|omni]] [[ingenio]] [[potu]] [[sepelire]] [[studebo]],
|280
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.265: ''invadunt urbem somno vinoque sepultam.'' ‘They storm the city, buried in sleep and wine.’ 3.630: ''vinoque sepultus''. . . ‘Drowned in wine. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS|elision=atque omni; omni ingenio}}
|{{Comment|'''omni ingenio''' cf. Isidore, Synonyma 1.24: "Omni ope, omni vi, '''omni ingenio''', omni virtute, omni arte, omni ratione, omni consilio, omni instantia sume luctamen contra corporales molestias" ("With all your effort, all your strength, '''all your wit''', all your art, all your reason, all your counsel, all your concentration take up the struggle against bodily troubles"). SB. FYI, this text was indeed very influential in early medieval Germanic cultures or at least in Anglo-Saxon England, partly because of its utility in helping non-Romance-speakers to acquire Latin vocabulary. See Claudia Di Sciacca, Finding the right words: Isidore's Synonyma in Anglo-Saxon England (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008.) JZ}}
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|[[Donec]] [[nullus1|nullus]] [[erit]], [[qui3|qui]] [[sentiat]] [[hoc4|hoc]], [[quod1|quod]] [[agendum]] [[est]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS|apheresis=agendum est
}}
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|[[Tu]] [[tamen]] [[interea1|interea]] [[mediocriter]] [[utere]] [[vino]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.422: ''tu tamen interea''. . . ‘You, meanwhile. . .’ 1 Timothy 5.23: "vino modico utere."
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
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|[[Atque]] [[sitim]] [[vix]] [[ad]] [[mensam]] [[restinguere]] [[cura2|cura]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Ad mensam'': “at table,” i.e., during the meal.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 5.47: ''sitim restinguere rivo. . .'' ‘The slaking of thirst in a rill. . .’ ''Aeneid'' 2.686: ''restinguere fontibus ignis . . . '' ‘To quench with water the fires. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Cum]] [[reliqui1|reliqui]] [[surgant]], [[ad]] [[opuscula]] [[nota1|nota]] [[recurre]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS}}
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|[[Ast]] [[ubi]] [[iam]] [[cunctos1|cunctos]] [[superat]] [[violentia]] [[potus]],
|285
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS}}
|{{Comment|'''violentia potus''' violentia as opposed to vis underscores the moral irresponsibility of the king’s court in its drunkenness. Cf. the “excessive drink” which prompts Xerxes to act irresponsibly in Esther 1.10. SB.}}
|-
|[[Tum]] [[simul]] [[occiduas]] [[properemus]] [[quaerere]] [[partes]].'
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|'''occiduas…partes''' occiduus is a common adjective for such scenes in Statius (Thebaid 1.200, 3.33, 4.283, 5.477, 5.538, and 10.84) and in early medieval authors (e.g. the Gesta Berengarii) who admired him. SB}}
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius215|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** '''Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)'''
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius287|next »]]
|[[Waltharius256English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius215

2009-12-15T21:22:11Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) */

===Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)===
{|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[palatini]] [[decurrunt]] [[arce]] [[ministri]]
|215
|{{Commentary|''Palatini'': “palace servants”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 481: ''ecce Palatinus. . .minister. . . '' ‘See the servant of the palace. . .’ ''Aeneid'' 2.41: ''Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce''. ‘Laocoon in hot haste runs down from the citadel’s height.’ 11.490: ''fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce.'' ‘He shone with gold as he ran down from the fortress height.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illius]] [[aspectu]] [[hilares]] [[equitemque]] [[tenebant]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Illius'' equiv. to ''Waltharii'', objective genitive. ''Equitem'' equiv. to ''equum''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|hiatus=aspectu hilares|falsequantities=illius}}
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|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vir]] [[sella]] [[descenderet]] [[inclitus]] [[alta]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[bene]] [[res]] [[vergant]], [[tum]] [[demum]] [[forte]] [[requirunt]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Si…vergant'': indirect question
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
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|[[ille3|Ille]] [[aliquid]] [[modicum]] [[narrans]] [[intraverat]] [[aulam]],
|
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|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 4.2: ''non enim erat licitum indutum sacco aulam regis intrare.'' ‘For no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king’s court.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=ille aliquid}}
|
|-
|[[lassus]] [[enim1|enim]] [[fuerat]]), [[regisque]] [[cubile]] [[petebat]].
|220
|{{Commentary|''Cubile equiv. to cubiculum''
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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|[[Illic]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[offendit]] [[residentem]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=solam offendit}}
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|[[Cui]] [[post]] [[amplexus]] [[atque]] [[oscula]] [[dulcia]] [[dixit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.687: ''cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet. . .'' ‘When she takes you to her bosom, embraces you and imprints sweet kisses. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS|elision=atque oscula}}
|
|-
|[[ocius]] [[huc]] [[potum]] [[ferto]], [[quia]] [[fessus]] [[anhelo]].'
|
|{{Commentary|''Ocius'': as often in the ''Waltharius'', an adverb’s comparative form is used without any real comparative sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|Statius ''Thebaid'' 11.7-8.: ''Phlegrae ceu fessus anhelet/ proelia. . . '' ‘As though he were breathless and weary after Phlegra’s fight. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[illa2|Illa]] [[mero]] [[tallum]] [[complevit]] [[mox]] [[pretiosum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Tallum'': “cup, goblet” – a Germanism.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.729: ''implevitque mero pateram''. ‘She filled the cup with wine.’ ''Liber II Macchabeorum'' 14.4: ''. . .offerens ei. . .tallos qui templi esse videbantur.'' ‘. . .Offering to him. . .boughs which seemed to belong to the temple.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-224.png
File:Waltharius-Line-224_1.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The trope of a woman offering drink or other reward for military service to the hero is common to both Classical and Germanic traditions. In Aeneid 1.729, Dido offers Aeneas wine. The word used there is implevit, echoed in the Waltharius by complevit. This theme is also present in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf. After killing Grendel, Beowulf receives a necklace and a byrnie from Wealtheow, Hrothgar’s wife (l. 1215-1220). Before the contest with Grendel, Wealtheow offers Beowulf drink (l. 623-625), on his homecoming, Queen Hygd, the wife of Hygelac, also distributes mead (l. 1980-1983), and Beowulf also talks of Freawaru, Hrothgar’s daughter, distributing mead. Coincidently, Freawaru marries Ingeld, of whom Alcuin wrote to a bishop named Speratus, scolding him for listening to songs and stories of pagan heros, writing “What has Ingeld to do with Christ?” [AE]}}
|-
|[[Porrexitque]] [[viro]], [[qui3|qui]] [[signans]] [[accipiebat]]
|225
|{{Commentary|''Signans'': “making the sign of the Cross” before partaking of the drink.
}}
|{{Parallel|Lucan 9.503: ''porrexitque duci.'' ''Aeneid'' 8.274: ''pocula porgite dextris.'' ‘Stretch forth the cup in your hands.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|{{Comment|It seems that "signans" must be translated as Kratz does: “…gave it to the man, who, as he took it, crossed / himself, and pressed the maiden’s hand with his….” This translation is overtly Christian, but it is difficult to make sense of the passage otherwise. One way this could look would be that Hildegund offered Walther the filled cup, and he held it and her hand, while blessing the cup with his other hand. Du Cange’s Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis gives the Christian definition as the most common one and traces its use back to Tertullian, so it would likely have carried that connotation to a ninth- or tenth- century author or audience, especially if that audience were monastic. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Virgineamque]] [[manum]] [[propria1|propria]] [[constrinxit]]. [[at]] [[illa2|illa]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|It would be interesting if the last two words of this line ("at illa") were intended as a pun on Attila’s name. However, this seems unlikely for several reasons. If the line were translated with "Attila" instead of "at illa," it would leave Attila to “stand there, silent, staring at [his] master’s face,” which does not make sense, even in a joking way. The phrase also appears later in the poem once Attila is gone (l. [[Waltharius640|673]]). [AE]}}
|-
|[[Astitit]] [[et]] [[vultum]] r[[et]]icens [[intendit]] [[herilem]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Walthariusque]] [[bibens]] [[vacuum]] [[vas]] [[porrigit]] [[olli]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.254: ''olli subridens. . . '' ‘Smiling on her. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[ambo1|Ambo]] [[etenim]] [[norant]] [[de]] [[se2|se]] [[sponsalia]] [[facta1|facta]] --
|
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|{{Parallel|Juvencus 1.2143: ''sponsalia pacta."}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=ambo etenim}}
|{{Comment|This is one of the few hints given to the chronology of the first part of the poem. We know that when the hostages were taken, Gunther was too young to leave his mother, and we know that the three children are essentially adults by the time they leave (Hildegund is old enough to serve as quartermistress, and the boys have become warriors), and here we learn that Hildegund and Walther were both old enough when they were taken that they remember they are betrothed. Of course, it is also possible that Hagen or another captive knew of the betrothal and told them. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Provocat]] [[et]] [[tali1|tali]] [[caram]] [[sermone]] [[puellam]]:
|230
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[exilium]] [[pariter]] [[patimur]] [[iam]] [[tempore]] [[tanto1|tanto]],
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.638: ''exsiliumque pati. . .'' ‘to suffer exile. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|The theme of exile is also common to both Classical and Germanic poems. In Anglo-Saxon, the elegies The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and The Wife’s Lament each recount sad stories of exile. In the Aeneid, the phrase exsilium pati appears, describing what Aeneas’s father will not do (l. 2.638). Ovid also wrote exile poems. Additionally, as Walther and Hildegund go into exile for the sake of their earthly fathers, and Hagen does so for the sake of his earthly lord, religious figures of their period underwent exile or wandering for the sake of God. [AE]

You may also want to mention that exile is central to the Old Testament (e.g. Ezekiel, Esther). [JJTY]

Exile is also important in the Old Testament. The Book of Ezekiel takes place during the Babylonian Captivity of the Jews, after the destruction of Solomon's Temple. In that case, it is an entire people that is exiled. The story of Esther, in the Book of Esther, is also that of an exile.}}
|-
|[[Non]] [[ignorantes]], [[quid5|quid]] [[nostri1|nostri]] [[forte]] [[parentes]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Inter]] [[se4|se]] [[nostra]] [[de]] [[re]] [[fecere]] [[futura]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Quamne]] [[diu]] [[tacito]] [[premimus]] [[haec2|haec]] [[ipsa]] [[palato]]?'
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.103: ''non ipse suo premit ore Latinus.'' ‘Latinus keeps not shut within his own lips.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Virgo]] [[per]] [[hyroniam]] [[meditans]] [[hoc4|hoc]] [[dicere]] [[sponsum]]
|235
|{{Commentary|''Per hyroniam'': “ironically,” i.e., insincerely, to tease her.
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|This passage, particularly the word hyroniam in line 235, forms the heart of many scholars’ arguments about irony in the poem. It is clear from this passage that the poet understands the phenomenon of irony, and that he uses it for humorous effect, at least in this instance. However, it is not clear from this passage whether the poet meant anything more than entertainment, let alone the Christian conversion message which Parkes argues that the irony encodes (“Irony in Waltharius”). This passage is ironic because Walther says the opposite of what Hildegund expects, and it might be funny because the betrothed misunderstand each other, but in this key example, the poet does not attack pagan values. Indeed, Walther himself is not even being ironic. Hildegund only thinks he is. Another interpretation is that Walther is joking with Hildegund, and she plays along. However, their relationship does not involve this kind of joking elsewhere in the poem. For further investigation of irony in the Waltharius, see Dennis Green, Ford B. Parkes, Alain Renoir, and David Townsend. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Paulum]] [[conticuit]], [[sed1|sed]] [[postea]] [[talia2|talia]] [[reddit]]:
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.323; 10.530: ''talia reddit. '' ‘He answers thus.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
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|[[quid5|Quid]] [[lingua]] [[simulas]], [[quod]] [[ab]] [[imo]] [[pectore]] [[damnas]],
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.371: ''imoque trahens a pectore.'' 6.55: ''pectore ab imo.'' . . ‘From his inmost heart. . .’ 11.840: ''imo pectore.''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Oreque]] [[persuades]], [[toto1|toto]] [[quod]] [[corde]] [[refutas]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Sit]] [[veluti]] [[talem]] [[pudor]] [[ingens1|ingens]] [[ducere]] [[nuptam]]?'
|
|{{Commentary|''Sit veluti…pudor'': “As if it were a disgrace to…!”
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Vir]] [[sapiens]] [[contra1|contra]] [[respondit]] [[et]] [[intulit]] [[ista3|ista]]:
|240
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[absit]] [[quod]] [[memoras]]! [[dextrorsum]] [[porrige1|porrige]] [[sensum]]!
|
|{{Commentary|''Porrige'' equiv. to ''dirige'' ''Dextrorsum'': i.e., to what is favorable/correct.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.109: ''quod memoras''. . . ‘What you say. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[Noris]] [[me1|me]] [[nihilum]] [[simulata]] [[me1|me]]nte [[locutum]]
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.105: ''sensit enim simulata mente locutam.'' ‘For she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|This line closely parallels line 4.105 of the Aeneid ("sensit enim simulata mente locutam"), but in the Aeneid, Venus has actually been fraudulent, whereas Walther here pleads that he was not. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[nebulae]] [[vel]] [[falsi]] [[interfore]] [[crede]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=falsi interfore}}
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|[[nullus2|Nullus]] [[adest]] [[nobis]] [[exceptis]] [[namque]] [[duobus]]:
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[nossem]] [[temet]] [[mihi]] [[promptam]] [[impendere]] [[mentem]]
|245
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promptam impendere}}
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|[[Atque]] [[fidem]] [[votis]] [[servare]] [[per]] [[omnia]] [[cautis]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[Pandere]] [[cuncta]] [[tibi]] [[cordis]] [[mysteria]] [[vellem]].'
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[Tandem]] [[virgo]] [[viri]] [[genibus]] [[curvata]] [[profatur1|profatur]]:
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[vocas]], [[mi]] [[domne]], [[sequar]] [[studiose]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Domne equiv. to Domine''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.114: ''perge, sequar.'' ‘Go on; I will follow.’ ''Eclogue ''3.49:'' veniam quocumque vocaris.'' ‘Wherever you challenge me, I’ll be there.’ ''Aeneid'' 5.22-23.: ''sequamur,/ quoque vocat, vertamus iter.'' ‘Let us follow, and turn our course whither she calls.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
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|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[placitis]] [[malim]] [[praeponere]] [[iussis]].'
|250
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[ille1|Ille]] [[dehinc]]: '[[piget]] [[exilii]] [[me1|me]] [[denique]] [[nostri]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[patriae]] [[fines]] [[reminiscor]] [[saepe]] [[relictos]]
|
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|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 1.3: ''nos patriae finis et dulcia linquimus arva.'' ‘We are leaving our country’s bounds and sweet fields.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Idcircoque]] [[fugam]] [[cupio]] [[celerare]] [[latentem]].
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.357: ''tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet.'' ‘Then he bids her take speedy flight.’ 3.666:'' nos procul inde fugam. . .celerare.'' ‘We speed our flight far from there.’ 9.378: ''celerare fugam.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
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|[[Quod]] [[iam]] [[prae]] [[multis1|multis]] [[potuissem]] [[forte]] [[diebus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Prae multis…diebus'': “many days ago.” Classical authors use ''prae'' + abl. to mean “before” only in a spatial sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.342: ''forte diebus''. . .'' '' ‘In those days, as it chanced. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
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|[[Si]] [[non]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[remanere]] [[dolerem]].'
|255
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius170|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** '''Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)'''
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius256|next »]]
|[[Waltharius215English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius142

2009-12-15T20:10:22Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169) */

===Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)===
{|
|-
|[[Waltharius]] [[venit]], [[cui1|cui]] [[princeps]] [[talia2|talia]] [[pandit]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Ipse'': Waltharius, who begins speaking in line 146. (Attila’s repetition of his wife’s speech is elided.)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.179: ''remque ordine pando''. ‘I reveal all in order.’ 6.723: ''suscipit Anchises atque ordine singula pandit. '' ‘Anchises replies, and reveals each truth in order.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Uxorem]] [[suadens1|suadens]] [[sibi1|sibi]] [[ducere]]; [[sed1|sed]] [[tamen]] [[ipse]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Iam]] [[tum]] [[praemeditans]], [[quod]] [[post]] [[compleverat]] [[actis1|actis]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Quod'': obj. of ''praemeditans''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 21.14: ''non praemeditari quemadmodum respondeatis''. ‘Do not meditate before how you should answer.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[his1|His]] [[instiganti]] [[suggestibus]] [[obvius]] [[infit1|infit]]:
|145
|{{Commentary|''Suggestibus'' equiv. to ''consiliis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vestra]] [[quidem]] [[pietas]] [[est]], [[quod3|quod]] [[modici]] [[famulatus]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Modici famulatus'': genitive of description with ''causa'', meaning “of little importance” or “that has provided some small service.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Causam]] [[conspicitis]]. [[sed1|sed]] [[quod3|quod]] [[mea1|mea]] [[segnia]] [[mentis]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Causam'': here, as often in the ''Waltharius'', this word is practically the equivalent of ''res'' – well on its way to becoming French ''chose'', Italian/Spanish ''cosa'', “thing.” ''Mea segnia'': i.e., Waltharius’s delay in making a decision regarding marriage.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|"Causa" is used here in a sense, meaning "thing," which arose in Later Latin and which survives to this day in the Romance languages, as in French "chose" and Italian "cosa." Du Cange’s Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis cites this meaning of "causa" in the laws of the Lombards and in the laws of Charlemagne. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Intuitu]] [[fertis]], [[numquam]] [[meruisse]] [[valerem]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Mentis intuitu fertis'' equiv. to ''attenditis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[sed1|Sed]] [[precor]], [[ut1|ut]] [[servi]] [[capiatis]] [[verba]] [[fidelis]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nuptam]] [[accipiam]] [[domini]] [[praecepta]] [[secundum1|secundum]],
|150
|{{Commentary|''Secundum'': the post-positive preposition
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=nuptam accipiam}}
|
|-
|[[Vinciar]] [[in]] [[primis]] [[curis]] [[et]] [[amore]] [[puellae]]
|
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|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[A]]tque [[a]] [[servitio]] [[regis]] [[plerumque]] [[retardor]]:
|
|{{Commentary|''Retardor'': Like ''cogor'' and ''moratur'' below, with a future sense.
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=atque a}}
|
|-
|[[Aedificare]] [[domos]] [[cultumque]] [[intendere]] [[ruris]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=cultumque intendere}}
|
|-
|[[Cogor]], [[et]] [[hoc2|hoc]] [[oculis]] [[senioris]] [[adesse]] [[moratur]]
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[solitam]] [[regno]] [[Hunorum]] [[impendere]] [[curam]].
|155
|
|{{Parallel|''Georgics'' 2.433: ''et dubitant homines serere atque impendere curam?'' ‘And can men be slow to plant and bestow care?’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=Hunorum impendere|hiatus=regno Hunorum}}
|
|-
|[[Namque]] [[voluptatem]] [[quisquis]] [[gustaverit]], [[exin]]
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Intolerabilius]] [[consuevit]] [[ferre]] [[labores]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Intolerabilius'': here active in sense, “with less tolerance.”
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nil2|Nil]] [[tam]] [[dulce]] [[mihi]], [[quam]] [[semper]] [[inesse]] [[fideli]]
|
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|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|This line manifests with particular acuteness one aspect of the Germanic warrior ethos, namely, love for the lord above all else. However, since the audience knows Walther is promised to Hildegund, and we will soon see the two plot together against Attila, it has the ring of irony. [AE]
Hagan will later honor his love for his lord above his personal loyalties, and one interpretation of the poem's end is that he is punished for his desertion of Walther. Walther's defection here is thus preferable to abandoning Hildegund. Alternatively, Walther too might be punished for the breach of loyalty to his lord with the loss of his hand, just as Hagan is punished for his breach of loyalty to a friend with the loss of his eye. [MCD]}}
|-
|[[Obsequio]] [[domini]]; [[quare]] [[precor1|precor]] [[absque]] [[iugali]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The language here echoes Aeneid 4.16, which reads, “ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali….” Dido uses these words when talking to her sister Anna about how she might be susceptible to Aeneas, if only she had not decided to avoid “nuptial chains.” Dido goes on to fall for Aeneas, just as Walther, despite what he says, will go on to marry Hildegund. The other parallel, which will return later in the poem, is between Attila and Dido, who are the ones the hero leaves behind. [AE]}}
|-
|[[me1|Me]] [[vinclo]] [[permitte]] [[me1|me]]am [[iam]] [[ducere]] [[vitam]].
|160
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 3.315: ''vitamque extrema per omnia duco''. ‘I drag on my life through all extremes.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[sero]] [[aut]] [[medio1|medio]] [[noctis]] [[mihi]] [[tempore]] [[mandas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Marcum'' 13.35: ''sero an media nocte''. . . ‘At evening or at midnight. . .’'' Aeneid'' 8.407: ''medio noctis.'' . . ‘In the middle of the night. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS|elision=sero aut}}
|{{Comment|The phrase "sero aut medio noctis" also appears in the Gospel of Mark 13.35, when Christ tells the parable of the faithful servant, who keeps watch because he does not know at what hour his lord will return. This parable is a metaphor for the return of Christ. In using this language, the Waltharius poet reminds his readers that Walther is a Christian, just as he does in lines [[Waltharius215|225]], when Walther blesses the goblet, and in [[Waltharius1130|1161]], when Walther prays to his Creator. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[iubes]], [[securus]] [[et]] [[ibo]] [[paratus]].
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[bellis]] [[nullae]] [[persuadent]] [[cedere]] [[curae]]
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[nati]] [[aut]] [[coniunx]] [[retrahentque]] [[fugamque]] [[movebunt]].
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS|elision=nati aut}}
|
|-
|[[Testor]] [[per]] [[propriam]] [[temet1|temet]], [[pater1|pater]] [[optime]], [[vitam]]
|165
|{{Commentary|''Testor'': here construed like ''precor'' with a purpose clause, joining an oath to an earnest request.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.599-600.: ''per sidera testor,/ per superos atque hoc caeli spirabile lumen,/ tollite me. '' ‘By the stars I beseech you, by the gods above and this lightsome air we breathe, take me.’ 1.555: ''pater optime. . . '' ‘Noble father. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|It is strange that Walther refers to Attila as "pater" here. However, Attila may mean "little father" in Old Turkic, which was possibly the language of the Huns. This etymology might explain this strange remark. For a full discussion of Attila's name, see Otto Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns: Studies in their history and culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), chapter 4. The phrase "pater optime" also appears in Aeneid 1.555, where it seems to refer to Jupiter, and in 3.710, where Aeneas uses it in reference to Anchises. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Atque]] [[per]] [[invictam]] [[nunc]] [[gentem]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Nunc'': an ironic touch? (Cf. line 144)
}}
|
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ut1|Ut]] [[non]] [[ulterius1|ulterius]] [[me1|me]] [[cogas]] [[sumere]] [[taedas]].'
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[His]] [[precibus]] [[victus]] [[suasus]] [[rex]] [[deserit]] [[omnes1|omnes]],
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sperans]] [[Waltharium]] [[fugiendo]] [[recedere]] [[numquam]].
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius123|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** '''Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)'''
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius170|next »]]
|[[Waltharius142English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius123

2009-12-15T20:08:44Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141) */

===Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)===
{|
|-
|[[Ospirin]] [[elapsum]] [[Haganonem]] [[regia]] [[coniunx]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Ospirin'': The queen’s name is not found elsewhere. The Roman historian Jordanes (''Getica'' 49) speaks of Attila’s ''innumerabiles uxores''.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.783: ''illic res laetae regnumque et regia coniunx''. ‘There in store for you are happy days, kingship, and a royal wife.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|hiatus=elapsum Haganonem}}
|{{Comment|Although the historian Jordanes writes of Attila’s “innumerabiles uxores” [and even identifies the last as having been Ildiko (which sounds suspiciously similar to Hildegund)JZ], Ospirin's name does not appear anywhere outside the Waltharius. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Attendens]] [[domino1|domino]] [[suggessit]] [[talia2|talia]] [[dicta]]:
|
|{{Commentary|Two examples of slight semantic drift away from Classical Latin: ''Attendens'': “noticing” (rather than “directing attention towards”) ''Suggessit'': “offered, advised” (rather than “supplied, provided”)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.852: ''talia dicta dabat''. ‘Such words he said.’ 2.6: ''talia fando''. ‘In telling such a tale. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Provideat]] [[caveatque]], [[precor]], [[sollertia]] [[regis]],
|125
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 12.15: ''videte et cavete''. ‘Take heed and beware.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDD}}
|
|-
|[[Ne]] [[vestri]] [[imperii]] [[labatur]] [[forte]] [[columna]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Vestri'': the 2nd person plural to indicate respect in addressing a single person (cf. French ''vous'', German ''Sie'') is not found in Classical authors.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=vestri imperii}}
|{{Comment|Ospirin uses the second-person plural when speaking to her husband in this passage and in line [[Waltharius358|376]]. Walther also uses the second-person plural to speak to Attila (lines [[Waltharius142|146]], [[Waltharius287|306]]), and Hildegund uses it for addressing Walther (line [[Waltharius256|257]]). This pattern suggests that the poet resorts to this formality either because of Attila’s office or because of the woman-to-man relationship. The use of the second-person plural to indicate respect for a single person is a feature of Later Latin not found in Classical authors. [AE] It is a feature of later Romance languages, however. [MCD]
The figure of Walther as "columna imperii" reappears in line [[Waltharius358|376]] after Walther and Hildegund flee. [AE]}}
|-
|[[hoc6|Hoc]] [[est]], [[Waltharius]] [[vester]] [[discedat]] [[amicus1|amicus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Discedat'': still governed by ''ne''.
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[quo1|quo]] [[magna1|magna]] [[potestatis]] [[vis]] [[extitit]] [[huius]];
|
|{{Commentary|''Potestatis'' equiv. to ''regni''
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nam1|Nam]] [[vereor]], [[ne]] [[fors]] [[fugiens1|fugiens]] [[Haganonem]] [[imitetur]],
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|elision=Haganonem imitetur}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[meam1|meam]] [[perpendite]] [[nunc]] [[rationem]]:
|130
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[cum1|Cum]] [[primum1|primum]] [[veniat]], [[haec2|haec]] [[illi]] [[dicite]] [[verba]]:
|
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|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Servitio]] [[in]] [[nostro]] [[magnos]] [[plerumque]] [[labores]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=servitio in}}
|
|-
|[[Passus eras]] [[ideoque]] [[scias]], [[quod3|quod]] [[gratia]] [[nostra3|nostra]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.421: ''Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores?'' ‘Turnus, will you endure all these labours spent in vain?’ 12.32-33.: ''me casus, quae, Turne, sequantur/ bella, vides, quantos primus patiare labores. '' ‘You see what perils, Turnus, what wars pursue me, what heavy burdens you bear above all.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|falsequantities=extra syllable}}
|
|-
|[[Prae]] [[cunctis]] [[temet1|temet]] [[nimium]] [[dilexit]] [[amicis]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 9.430: ''tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum.'' ‘He but loved his hapless friend too well.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[volo]] [[plus1|plus]] [[factis]] [[te3|te]] [[quam]] [[cognoscere]] [[dictis1|dictis]]:
|135
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Elige]] [[de]] [[satrapis]] [[nuptam]] [[tibi1|tibi]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''De satrapis'' equiv. to ''de filiabus satraparum''; cf. note on line 43.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Iudicum'' 3.3: ''quinque satrapas Philisthinorum''. . . ‘Five princes of the Philistines. . .’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|"Satrapa" has a decidedly negative and foreign connotation in the Vulgate Bible, where it refers to leaders of the Philistines (Judges, I Kings), leaders appointed by Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel), and leaders following the evil Haman (Esther). The banquet (described in [[Waltharius287|lines 287-321]]) that Walther throws for the Huns recalls the banquet that Esther gives for Assuerus and Haman in the Book of Esther. Although Lewis and Short gives a technical and specific definition for "satrapa" (“a governor of a province, a viceroy among the Persians”), it is likely that the Waltharius poet uses it in a more general sense, perhaps because of the poetic limitations. Using the word here implicitly compares the Huns to the foreign enemies of the Bible, emphasizing their strangeness. [AE]
"Satrapis" here refers to Attila's vassals, not to Attila himself (as in line [[Waltharius34|43]]). Attila invites Walther to choose a bride from the satraps of Pannonia, not meaning that Walther should marry one of the vassals, but his bride should come from the vassal class. Kratz's translation here is fairly loose, but captures the meaning well. [AE]}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[non]] [[pauperiem]] [[propriam]] [[perpendere]] [[cures]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Amplificabo]] [[quidem]] [[valde]] [[te]] [[rure]] [[domique1|domique]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Rure domique'': apparently an ablative of means followed by a locative. Probably one should be assimilated to the other in translation; both possibilities yield acceptable sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Genesis'' 17.20: ''et augebo et multiplicabo eum valde''. ‘I will increase him, and multiply him exceedingly.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[qui3|qui]]squam, [[qui3|qui]] [[dat]] [[sponsam1|sponsam]], [[post1|post]] [[facta3|facta]] [[pudebit]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Pudebit'': A personal construction, unusual in Classical Latin, though cf. Plaut. ''Cas''. 5.2.3.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[si]] [[completis]], [[illum2|illum]] [[stabilire]] [[potestis]].'
|140
|{{Commentary|''Stabilire'': the verb is used with human direct objects in the Vulgate Bible in the sense of “to sustain,” but here it probably has its more literal meaning, continuing the metaphor of the ''columna'' from line 126, as Wieland suggests.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Hiezecihel Propheta'' 4.6: ''et cum conpleveris haec. .'' . ‘And when thou hast accomplished this. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Complacuit]] [[sermo]] [[regi1|regi]] [[coepitque]] [[parari]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Psalmi'' 18.15: ''et erunt ut conplaceant eloquia oris mei.'' ‘And the words of my mouth shall be such as may please.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius116|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** '''Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)'''
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius142|next »]]
|[[Waltharius123English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius123

2009-12-15T05:08:37Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141) */

===Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)===
{|
|-
|[[Ospirin]] [[elapsum]] [[Haganonem]] [[regia]] [[coniunx]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Ospirin'': The queen’s name is not found elsewhere. The Roman historian Jordanes (''Getica'' 49) speaks of Attila’s ''innumerabiles uxores''.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.783: ''illic res laetae regnumque et regia coniunx''. ‘There in store for you are happy days, kingship, and a royal wife.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|hiatus=elapsum Haganonem}}
|{{Comment|Although the historian Jordanes writes of Attila’s “innumerabiles uxores” [and even identifies the last as having been Ildiko (which sounds suspiciously similar to Hildegund)JZ], Ospirin's name does not appear anywhere outside the Waltharius. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Attendens]] [[domino1|domino]] [[suggessit]] [[talia2|talia]] [[dicta]]:
|
|{{Commentary|Two examples of slight semantic drift away from Classical Latin: ''Attendens'': “noticing” (rather than “directing attention towards”) ''Suggessit'': “offered, advised” (rather than “supplied, provided”)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.852: ''talia dicta dabat''. ‘Such words he said.’ 2.6: ''talia fando''. ‘In telling such a tale. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Provideat]] [[caveatque]], [[precor]], [[sollertia]] [[regis]],
|125
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 12.15: ''videte et cavete''. ‘Take heed and beware.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDD}}
|
|-
|[[Ne]] [[vestri]] [[imperii]] [[labatur]] [[forte]] [[columna]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Vestri'': the 2nd person plural to indicate respect in addressing a single person (cf. French ''vous'', German ''Sie'') is not found in Classical authors.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=vestri imperii}}
|{{Comment|Ospirin uses the second-person plural when speaking to her husband in this passage and in line [[Waltharius358|376]]. Walther also uses the second-person plural to speak to Attila (lines [[Waltharius142|146]], [[Waltharius287|306]]), and Hildegund uses it for addressing Walther (line [[Waltharius256|257]]). This pattern suggests that the poet resorts to this formality either because of Attila’s office or because of the woman-to-man relationship. The use of the second-person plural to indicate respect for a single person is a feature of Later Latin not found in Classical authors. [AE] It is a feature of later Romance languages, however. [MCD]
The figure of Walther as "columna imperii" reappears in line [[Waltharius358|376]] after Walther and Hildegund flee. [AE]}}
|-
|[[hoc6|Hoc]] [[est]], [[Waltharius]] [[vester]] [[discedat]] [[amicus1|amicus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Discedat'': still governed by ''ne''.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[quo1|quo]] [[magna1|magna]] [[potestatis]] [[vis]] [[extitit]] [[huius]];
|
|{{Commentary|''Potestatis'' equiv. to ''regni''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nam1|Nam]] [[vereor]], [[ne]] [[fors]] [[fugiens1|fugiens]] [[Haganonem]] [[imitetur]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|elision=Haganonem imitetur}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[meam1|meam]] [[perpendite]] [[nunc]] [[rationem]]:
|130
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[cum1|Cum]] [[primum1|primum]] [[veniat]], [[haec2|haec]] [[illi]] [[dicite]] [[verba]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Servitio]] [[in]] [[nostro]] [[magnos]] [[plerumque]] [[labores]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=servitio in}}
|
|-
|[[Passus eras]] [[ideoque]] [[scias]], [[quod3|quod]] [[gratia]] [[nostra3|nostra]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.421: ''Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores?'' ‘Turnus, will you endure all these labours spent in vain?’ 12.32-33.: ''me casus, quae, Turne, sequantur/ bella, vides, quantos primus patiare labores. '' ‘You see what perils, Turnus, what wars pursue me, what heavy burdens you bear above all.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|falsequantities=extra syllable}}
|
|-
|[[Prae]] [[cunctis]] [[temet1|temet]] [[nimium]] [[dilexit]] [[amicis]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 9.430: ''tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum.'' ‘He but loved his hapless friend too well.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[volo]] [[plus1|plus]] [[factis]] [[te3|te]] [[quam]] [[cognoscere]] [[dictis1|dictis]]:
|135
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Elige]] [[de]] [[satrapis]] [[nuptam]] [[tibi1|tibi]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''De satrapis'' equiv. to ''de filiabus satraparum''; cf. note on line 43.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Iudicum'' 3.3: ''quinque satrapas Philisthinorum''. . . ‘Five princes of the Philistines. . .’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|"Satrapa" has a decidedly negative and foreign connotation in the Vulgate Bible, where it refers to leaders of the Philistines (Judges, I Kings), leaders appointed by Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel), and leaders following the evil Haman (Esther). The banquet (described in [[Waltharius287|lines 287-321]]) [SPECIFY THE CLOSING LINE NO. JZ] that Walther throws for the Huns recalls the banquet that Esther gives for Assuerus and Haman in the Book of Esther. Although Lewis and Short gives a technical and specific definition for "satrapa" (“a governor of a province, a viceroy among the Persians”), it is likely that the Waltharius poet uses it in a more general sense, perhaps because of the poetic limitations. Using the word here implicitly compares the Huns to the foreign enemies of the Bible, emphasizing their strangeness. [AE]
"Satrapis" here refers to Attila's vassals, not to Attila himself (as in line [[Waltharius34|43]]). Attila invites Walther to choose a bride from the satraps of Pannonia, not meaning that Walther should marry one of the vassals, but his bride should come from the vassal class. Kratz's translation here is fairly loose, but captures the meaning well. [AE]}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[non]] [[pauperiem]] [[propriam]] [[perpendere]] [[cures]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Amplificabo]] [[quidem]] [[valde]] [[te]] [[rure]] [[domique1|domique]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Rure domique'': apparently an ablative of means followed by a locative. Probably one should be assimilated to the other in translation; both possibilities yield acceptable sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Genesis'' 17.20: ''et augebo et multiplicabo eum valde''. ‘I will increase him, and multiply him exceedingly.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[qui3|qui]]squam, [[qui3|qui]] [[dat]] [[sponsam1|sponsam]], [[post1|post]] [[facta3|facta]] [[pudebit]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Pudebit'': A personal construction, unusual in Classical Latin, though cf. Plaut. ''Cas''. 5.2.3.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[si]] [[completis]], [[illum2|illum]] [[stabilire]] [[potestis]].'
|140
|{{Commentary|''Stabilire'': the verb is used with human direct objects in the Vulgate Bible in the sense of “to sustain,” but here it probably has its more literal meaning, continuing the metaphor of the ''columna'' from line 126, as Wieland suggests.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Hiezecihel Propheta'' 4.6: ''et cum conpleveris haec. .'' . ‘And when thou hast accomplished this. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Complacuit]] [[sermo]] [[regi1|regi]] [[coepitque]] [[parari]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Psalmi'' 18.15: ''et erunt ut conplaceant eloquia oris mei.'' ‘And the words of my mouth shall be such as may please.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius116|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** '''Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)'''
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius142|next »]]
|[[Waltharius123English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius142

2009-12-12T02:18:02Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169) */

===Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)===
{|
|-
|[[Waltharius]] [[venit]], [[cui1|cui]] [[princeps]] [[talia2|talia]] [[pandit]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Ipse'': Waltharius, who begins speaking in line 146. (Attila’s repetition of his wife’s speech is elided.)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.179: ''remque ordine pando''. ‘I reveal all in order.’ 6.723: ''suscipit Anchises atque ordine singula pandit. '' ‘Anchises replies, and reveals each truth in order.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Uxorem]] [[suadens1|suadens]] [[sibi1|sibi]] [[ducere]]; [[sed1|sed]] [[tamen]] [[ipse]]
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
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|[[Iam]] [[tum]] [[praemeditans]], [[quod]] [[post]] [[compleverat]] [[actis1|actis]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Quod'': obj. of ''praemeditans''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 21.14: ''non praemeditari quemadmodum respondeatis''. ‘Do not meditate before how you should answer.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
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|[[his1|His]] [[instiganti]] [[suggestibus]] [[obvius]] [[infit1|infit]]:
|145
|{{Commentary|''Suggestibus'' equiv. to ''consiliis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vestra]] [[quidem]] [[pietas]] [[est]], [[quod3|quod]] [[modici]] [[famulatus]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Modici famulatus'': genitive of description with ''causa'', meaning “of little importance” or “that has provided some small service.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Causam]] [[conspicitis]]. [[sed1|sed]] [[quod3|quod]] [[mea1|mea]] [[segnia]] [[mentis]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Causam'': here, as often in the ''Waltharius'', this word is practically the equivalent of ''res'' – well on its way to becoming French ''chose'', Italian/Spanish ''cosa'', “thing.” ''Mea segnia'': i.e., Waltharius’s delay in making a decision regarding marriage.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|"Causa" is used here in a sense which arose in Later Latin, meaning "thing" as in French "chose" and Italian "cosa." Du Cange’s Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis cites this meaning of "causa" in the laws of the Lombards and in the laws of Charlemagne. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Intuitu]] [[fertis]], [[numquam]] [[meruisse]] [[valerem]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Mentis intuitu fertis'' equiv. to ''attenditis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[sed1|Sed]] [[precor]], [[ut1|ut]] [[servi]] [[capiatis]] [[verba]] [[fidelis]]:
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nuptam]] [[accipiam]] [[domini]] [[praecepta]] [[secundum1|secundum]],
|150
|{{Commentary|''Secundum'': the post-positive preposition
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=nuptam accipiam}}
|
|-
|[[Vinciar]] [[in]] [[primis]] [[curis]] [[et]] [[amore]] [[puellae]]
|
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|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
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|[[A]]tque [[a]] [[servitio]] [[regis]] [[plerumque]] [[retardor]]:
|
|{{Commentary|''Retardor'': Like ''cogor'' and ''moratur'' below, with a future sense.
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=atque a}}
|
|-
|[[Aedificare]] [[domos]] [[cultumque]] [[intendere]] [[ruris]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=cultumque intendere}}
|
|-
|[[Cogor]], [[et]] [[hoc2|hoc]] [[oculis]] [[senioris]] [[adesse]] [[moratur]]
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|
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|[[Et]] [[solitam]] [[regno]] [[Hunorum]] [[impendere]] [[curam]].
|155
|
|{{Parallel|''Georgics'' 2.433: ''et dubitant homines serere atque impendere curam?'' ‘And can men be slow to plant and bestow care?’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=Hunorum impendere|hiatus=regno Hunorum}}
|
|-
|[[Namque]] [[voluptatem]] [[quisquis]] [[gustaverit]], [[exin]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Intolerabilius]] [[consuevit]] [[ferre]] [[labores]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Intolerabilius'': here active in sense, “with less tolerance.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nil2|Nil]] [[tam]] [[dulce]] [[mihi]], [[quam]] [[semper]] [[inesse]] [[fideli]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|This is a particularly acute manifestation of the Germanic warrior ethos – love for the lord above all else. However, since the audience knows Walther is promised to Hildegund, and we will soon see them plotting together against Attila, it has the ring of irony. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Obsequio]] [[domini]]; [[quare]] [[precor1|precor]] [[absque]] [[iugali]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The language here echoes Aeneid 4.16, which reads, “ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali….” Dido says this to her sister Anna, talking about how she might fall for Aeneas if only she had not decided to avoid “nuptial chains.” Dido goes on to fall for Aeneas, just as Walther, despite what he says, will go on to marry Hildegund. The other parallel, which will return later in the poem, is between Attila and Dido, who are the ones the hero leaves behind. [AE]}}
|-
|[[me1|Me]] [[vinclo]] [[permitte]] [[me1|me]]am [[iam]] [[ducere]] [[vitam]].
|160
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
 ''Aeineid'' 3.315: ''vitamque extrema per omnia duco''. ‘I drag on my life through all extremes.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[sero]] [[aut]] [[medio1|medio]] [[noctis]] [[mihi]] [[tempore]] [[mandas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Marcum'' 13.35: ''sero an media nocte''. . . ‘At evening or at midnight. . .’'' Aeineid'' 8.407: ''medio noctis.'' . . ‘In the middle of the night. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS|elision=sero aut}}
|{{Comment|The phrase "sero aut medio noctis" also appears in the Gospel of Mark, when Christ tells the parable of the faithful servant, who keeps watch because he does not know at what hour his lord will return. This parable is a metaphor for the return of Christ. In using this language, the Waltharius poet reminds his readers that Walther is a Christian, just as he does in lines [[Waltharius215|225]], when Walther blesses the goblet, and in [[Waltharius1130|1161]], when Walther prays to his Creator. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[iubes]], [[securus]] [[et]] [[ibo]] [[paratus]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[bellis]] [[nullae]] [[persuadent]] [[cedere]] [[curae]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[nati]] [[aut]] [[coniunx]] [[retrahentque]] [[fugamque]] [[movebunt]].
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS|elision=nati aut}}
|
|-
|[[Testor]] [[per]] [[propriam]] [[temet1|temet]], [[pater1|pater]] [[optime]], [[vitam]]
|165
|{{Commentary|''Testor'': here construed like ''precor'' with a purpose clause, joining an oath to an earnest request.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.599-600.: ''per sidera testor,/ per superos atque hoc caeli spirabile lumen,/ tollite me. '' ‘By the stars I beseech you, by the gods above and this lightsome air we breathe, take me.’ 1.555: ''pater optime. . . '' ‘Noble father. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|It is strange that Walther refers to Attila as "pater" here. However, Attila may mean "little father" in Old Turkic, which was possibly the language of the Huns. That might explain this strange remark. For a full discussion of Attila's name, see Otto Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns: Studies in their history and culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), chapter 4. The phrase "pater optime" also appears in Aeneid 1.555, where it seems to refer to Jupiter. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Atque]] [[per]] [[invictam]] [[nunc]] [[gentem]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Nunc'': an ironic touch? (Cf. line 144)
}}
|
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ut1|Ut]] [[non]] [[ulterius1|ulterius]] [[me1|me]] [[cogas]] [[sumere]] [[taedas]].'
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[His]] [[precibus]] [[victus]] [[suasus]] [[rex]] [[deserit]] [[omnes1|omnes]],
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sperans]] [[Waltharium]] [[fugiendo]] [[recedere]] [[numquam]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius123|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** '''Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)'''
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius170|next »]]
|[[Waltharius142English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius170

2009-12-12T02:07:36Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214) */

===Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)===
{|
|-
|[[Venerat]] [[interea1|interea]] [[satrapae]] [[certissima]] [[fama]]
|170
|{{Commentary|''Satrapae'' equiv. to ''Attilae''
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
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|[[Quandam]], [[quae4|quae]] [[nuper]] [[superata]], [[resistere]] [[gentem]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Quandam…gentem'': since the sudden rebellion is merely a crude plot device, the precise identity of the people is unimportant.
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[bellum]] [[Hunis1|Hunis]] [[confestim]] [[inferre]] [[paratam]].
|
|
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|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=confestim inferre|hiatus=bellum Hunis}}
|
|-
|[[Tunc]] [[ad]] [[Waltharium]] [[convertitur]] [[actio]] [[rerum]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Action rerum'': “the leadership of the expedition”
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[qui3|Qui]] [[mox]] [[militiam]] [[percensuit]] [[ordine]] [[totam]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
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|[[Et]] [[bellatorum]] [[confortat]] [[corda]] [[suorum]],
|175
|{{Commentary|''Confortat'' equiv. to ''confirmat''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Regum II'' 11.25: ''conforta bellatores.'' ‘Encourage thy warriors.’ ''Liber Genesis'' 18.5: ''confortate cor vestrum.'' ‘Strengthen ye your heart.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The language here recalls passages from Genesis ("confortate cor vestrum," 18:5) and II Kings ("conforta bellatores," 11.25). In the Genesis passage, Abraham is speaking to visiting angels. The passage from II Kings is King David sending a message to his nephew Joab after the death of Uriah the Hittite. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Hortans]] [[praeteritos]] [[semper]] [[memorare]] [[triumphos]]
|
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|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Promittensque]] [[istos]] [[solita]] [[virtute]] [[tyrannos]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Tyrannos'' equiv. to ''rebelles'' (here)
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 155-156.: '' ‘vicimus,’ inquit,/ ‘exultans Vitium solita virtute.’ '' ‘ “We have overcome,” he said, “a proud Vice with our wonted virtue.” ’ ''Aeneid'' 11.415: ''quamquam o si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset! '' ‘If only we had any of our wonted valour!’'' ''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promittensque istos}}
|
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|[[Sternere]] [[et]] [[externis]] [[terrorem]] [[imponere]] [[terris]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=sternere et; terrorem imponere}}
|
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|[[Nec]] [[mora]], [[consurgit]] [[sequiturque]] [[exercitus]] [[omnis1|omnis]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.597-598.: ''At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat,/ Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis/ compositi numero in turmas''. ‘But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted array, marshalled by number into squadrons.’
 ''Liber Iosue'' 8.3: ''surrexit Iosue et omnis exercitus bellatorum cum eo''. ‘And Josue arose, and all the army of the fighting men with him.’ ''Aeineid'' 2.415: ''exercitus omnis. . .'' ‘The whole host. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=sequiturque exercitus}}
|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[locum]] [[pugnae]] [[conspexerat]] [[et]] [[numeratam]]
|180
|{{Commentary|The description of the battle that follows reworks a scene from the ''Aeneid'' (11.597 ff.) while attempting some limited level of verisimilitude in its depiction of medieval warfare. The warriors fight on horseback (a practice adopted by the Franks in Carolingian times), first with arrows and javelins from afar (the practice of the Hungarian Avars), and then in hand-to-hand combat with swords (not found in the scene from the ''Aeneid'').
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.597-598.: ''At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat,/ Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis/ compositi numero in turmas''. ‘But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted array, marshalled by number into squadrons.’
 ''Aeneid'' 11.599: ''compositi numero in turmas''. . . ‘Marshalled by number into squadrons. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|{{Comment|Abram Ring suggests that the frequent use of “ecce” and “en,” which would be unusual in Classical Latin, may be the influence of Prudentius. Alternately, he writes, it might translate an interjection from the Germanic tradition, similar to the Anglo-Saxon “hwæt.” [AE]
The battle here is reminiscent of the battles in the Aeneid (like that at 11.597), but some features distinguish it as medieval. For instance, they fight on horseback, which is a Carolingian innovation. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Per]] [[latos]] [[aciem]] [[campos]] [[digessit]] [[et]] [[agros]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.599: ''compositi numero in turmas''. . . ‘Marshalled by number into squadrons. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 10.407-408.: ''extenditur una/ horrida per latos acies Volcania campos''. ‘Vulcan’s bristling battleline spreads unbroken over the broad fields.’ 11.601-602.: ''tum late ferreus hastis/ horret ager campique armis sublimibus ardent.'' ‘Far and wide the field bristles with the steel of spears, and the plains are ablaze with raised weapons.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Iamque]] [[infra]] [[iactum]] [[teli]] [[congressus]] [[uterque]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.608-609.: ''iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque/ substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore.'' ‘And now in its advance each army had halted within a spear cast of the other; with a sudden shout they dash forth.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=iamque in}}
|
|-
|[[Constiterat]] [[cuneus]]: [[tunc]] [[undique]] [[clamor]] [[ad]] [[auras]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.608-609.: ''iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque/ substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore.'' ‘And now in its advance each army had halted within a spear cast of the other; with a sudden shout they dash forth.’
 ''Aeneid'' 9.566-567. ''undique clamor/ tollitur''. ‘On all sides a shout goes up.’ 2.699: ''se tollit ad auras. '' ‘He raises himself to the airs.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Tollitur]], [[horrendam]] [[confundunt]] [[classica]] [[vocem]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.566-567. ''undique clamor/ tollitur''. ‘On all sides a shout goes up.’ 2.699: ''se tollit ad auras. '' ‘He raises himself to the airs.’
 ''Aeneid'' 7.637: ''classica iamque sonant''. ‘And now the clarion sounds.’ 9.731-732.: ''arma/ horrendum sonuere.'' ‘His armour rang terribly.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Continuoque]] [[hastae]] [[volitant]] [[hinc]] [[indeque1|indeque]] [[densae]].
|185
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''continuo''. . . ‘At once. . .’ 11.610-611.: ''fundunt simul undique tela/ crebra nivis ritu''. ‘Together from all sides they shower weapons as thick as snowflakes.’ 12.408-409.: ''spicula castris/ densa cadunt mediis''. ‘Shafts fall thick in the middle of the camp.’ ''Georgics'' 2.142: ''galeis densisque virum seges horruit hastis''. ‘The fields bristled with the helms and serried lances of warriors.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=H-ELISION: continuoque hastae}}
|
|-
|[[Fraxinus]] [[et]] [[cornus]] [[ludum]] [[miscebat]] [[in]] [[unum]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Fraxinus et cornus'': by metonymy, the wooden spears.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.698: ''volat Itala cornus''. ‘The Italian cornel shaft flies.’ 12.267: ''sonitum dat stridula cornus''. ‘The whistling cornel shaft sings.’ 12.714: ''fors et virtus miscentur in unum.'' ‘Chance and valour blend in one.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Fulminis]] [[inque]] [[modum]] [[cuspis]] [[vibrata]] [[micabat]].
|
|{{Commentary|''In modum'' equiv. to ''instar''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.615-616.: ''excussus Aconteus/ fulminis in morem''. . .''praecipitat longe''. ‘Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Ac]] [[veluti]] [[boreae]] [[sub]] [[tempore]] [[nix]] [[glomerata]]
|
|
|
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The metaphor here suggests that both the poet and his expected audience were familiar with snow. Indeed, it suggests that they had experienced snowstorms, not simply seen snow on faraway mountaintops. In contrast, the only appearance of snow in the Aeneid is in line 4.238. Mercury is flying to Carthage, and on the way there he sees Atlas, whose shoulders are snow-covered. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Spargitur]], [[haud]] [[aliter]] [[saevas]] [[iecere]] [[sagittas]].
|
|
|
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[postremum1|Postremum]] [[cunctis1|cunctis]] [[utroque]] [[ex]] [[agmine]] [[pilis]]
|190
|
|
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=utroque ex}}
|
|-
|[[absumptis1|Absumptis]] [[manus]] [[ad]] [[mucronem]] [[vertitur]] [[omnis]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|Prudentius'' Psychomachia'' 137: ''vertitur ad capulum manus''. ‘Her ruthless hand turned to her sword-hilt.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Fulmineos]] [[promunt]] [[enses]] [[clipeosque]] [[revolvunt]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Clipeosque revolvunt'': variously explained. The warriors are either throwing back their shields or taking them up again having already done so, in preparation for combat (cf. ''restaurant'' in the following line).
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.579-580.: ''vaginaque eripit ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘He snatches his flashing sword from its sheath.’ 9.441-442.: ''instat non setius ac rotat ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘Onward none the less he presses, whirling his lightning blade.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Concurrunt]] [[acies1|acies]] [[demum]] [[pugnamque]] [[restaurant]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Pectoribus]] [[partim]] [[rumpuntur]] [[pectora1|pectora]] [[equorum]],
|
|{{Commentary|The thought of this line parallels that of the next: some of both the horses and the men were killed merely by being crushed against one another while armed in the stampede of battle.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=pectora equorum}}
|
|-
|[[Sternitur]] [[et]] [[quaedam]] [[pars]] [[duro]] [[umbone]] [[virorum]].
|195
|
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 255-256.: ''hostem humilem cupiens inpulsu umbonis equini/ sternere. . .'' ‘Eager to upset her lowly enemy with the shock of her horse-hide shield. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=duro umbone}}
|
|-
|[[Waltharius]] [[tamen]] [[in]] [[medio1|medio]] [[furit]] [[agmine]] [[bello]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 11.762: ''qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo''. . . ‘Wherever the maiden rides among the ranks in her fury. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-196.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Obvia]] [[quaeque1|quaeque]] [[metens]] [[armis]] [[ac]] [[limite]] [[pergens]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 11.762: ''qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo''. . . ‘Wherever the maiden rides among the ranks in her fury. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 10.513-514.: ''proxima quaeque metit gladio latumque per agmen/ ardens limitem agit ferro''. . . ‘With the sword he mows down all the nearest ranks, and fiercely drives a broad path through the host with the steel. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[hunc2|Hunc]] [[ubi]] [[conspiciunt]] [[hostes1|hostes]] [[tantas]] [[dare]] [[strages]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.783-784.: ''unus homo et vestris, o cives, undique saeptus/ aggeribus tantas strages. . .ediderit? '' ‘My countrymen, shall one man, hemmed in on every side by your ramparts, deal such carnage?’ ''Georgics ''3.246-247.: ''nec funera vulgo/ tam multa informes ursi stragemque dedere''. ‘Never does the shapeless bear spread death and havoc so widely.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Ac]] [[si]] [[praesentem]] [[metuebant]] [[cernere]] [[mortem]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Ac si'': qualifying ''praesentem'', not beginning a clause.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.91: ''praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.'' ‘All forebodes the sailors’ instant death.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[quemcunque]] [[locum]], [[seu]] [[dextram]] [[sive]] [[sinistram]],
|200
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.563: ''laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit''. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Waltharius]] [[peteret]], [[cuncti1|cuncti]] [[mox]] [[terga]] [[dederunt]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.563: ''laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit''. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’
 ''Aeneid'' 9.686: ''agminibus totis qut versi terga dedere.'' ‘With all their columns [they] are routed and turn to flight.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[versis]] [[scutis]] [[laxisque]] [[feruntur]] [[habenis]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Versis scutis'': they put their shields on their backs to protect them as they flee.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.686: ''agminibus totis qut versi terga dedere.'' ‘With all their columns [they] are routed and turn to flight.’
 ''Aeneid'' 11.618-619.:'' versique Latini/ reiciunt parmas''. ‘The routed Latins cast their shields behind them.’ 11.623: ''hi fugiunt penitusque datis referuntur habenis'' ‘The others flee, and retreat far off with loosened rein.’ ''Georgics'' 2.364: ''palmes agit laxis per purum immisus habenis. . .'' ‘The shoot, speeding through the void with loosened reins. . .’ ''Aeneid'' 1.62-63.: ''qui foedere certo/ et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.'' ‘Who, under fixed covenant, should be skilled to tighten and loosen the reins at command.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Tunc]] [[imitata]] [[ducem]] [[gens]] [[maxima]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.758-759.: '' ducis exemplum eventumque secuti/ Maeonidae incurrunt. '' ‘Following their chief’s example and success, Maeonia’s sons attack.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-196.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
File:Europe500.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Saevior]] [[insurgit]] [[caedemque]] [[audacior]] [[auget]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 12.902: ''altior insurgens.'' . . ‘Rising to his height. . .’ Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 31: ''altior insurgens.''
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=caedemque audacior}}
|
|-
|[[Deicit]] [[obstantes]], [[fugientes]] [[proterit]] [[usque]],
|205
|
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' Praefatio 28: ''pellit fugatos, sauciatos proterit. '' ‘[He] drives off in flight those proud kings. . .or cuts them down.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[dum1|Dum]] [[caperet]] [[plenum]] [[belli]] [[sub]] [[sorte]] [[triumphum]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Belli sub sorte'': “in the outcome of the battle”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 474: ''belli sub sorte''. . . ‘By the luck of war. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Tum]] [[super1|super]] [[occisos]] [[ruit]] [[et]] [[spoliaverat]] [[omnes1|omnes]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[tandem]] [[ductor]] [[recavo]] [[vocat]] [[agmina]] [[cornu]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 7.513-514.: ''cornuque recurvo/ Tartaream intendit vocem. '' ‘On the twisted horn [she] strains her hellish voice.’ 3.239: '' dat signum specula Misenus ab alta/ aere cavo. '' ‘Misenus on his hollow brass gave the signal from his watch aloft.’ Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 422: ''recavo misceret labra palato''. ‘[She] beats the lips into the arched mouth.’ ''Aeneid'' 7.508: ''vocat agmina Tyrrhus''. ‘Tyrrhus summons his bands.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Ac]] [[primus1|primus]] [[frontem]] [[festa]] [[cum2|cum]] [[fronde]] [[revinxit]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.71-72.: '' ‘. . .cingite tempora ramis.’/ Sic fatus velat materna tempora myrto./ hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes/ hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. '' ‘ “. . .Weathe your brows with leaves.” So speaking, he crowns his brows with his mother’s myrtle. Thus does Helymus, thus Acestes, ripe of years, thus the boy Ascanius, the rest of the youth following.’ 7.614: ''sequitur tum cetera pubes''. ‘Then the rest of the warriors take up the cry.’ 4.459: ''velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum. . .'' ‘Wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Victrici]] [[lauro]] [[cingens]] [[sua1|sua]] [[timpora]] [[vulgo]],
|210
|{{Commentary|''Timpora'' equiv. to ''tempora''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.71-72.: '' ‘. . .cingite tempora ramis.’/ Sic fatus velat materna tempora myrto./ hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes/ hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. '' ‘ “. . .Weathe your brows with leaves.” So speaking, he crowns his brows with his mother’s myrtle. Thus does Helymus, thus Acestes, ripe of years, thus the boy Ascanius, the rest of the youth following.’ 7.614: ''sequitur tum cetera pubes''. ‘Then the rest of the warriors take up the cry.’ 4.459: ''velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum. . .'' ‘Wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 5.539: ''cingit viridanti tempora lauro.'' ‘He binds his brows with green laurel.’ Virgil, ''Eclogue'' 8.12-13.: ''hanc sine tempora circum/ inter victricis hederam tibi serpere lauros.'' ‘Grant that, amid the conqueror’s laurels, this ivy may creep about your brows.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The laurels mentioned here are likely meant to be taken as a Classical reference, rather than as a literal description of the homecoming. The bay laurel, from which laurel wreaths are typically made, is a Mediterranean plant, and it would have a hard time surviving in northern Europe. Even then, the plant would have had to be imported, because it is not native. It is more likely that the poet refers to laurels but means a more cold-hearty plant. [AE]}}
|-
|[[post1|Post]] [[hunc2|hunc]] [[signiferi]], [[sequitur]] [[quos]] [[cetera]] [[pubes]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Iamque]] [[triumphali]] [[redierunt]] [[stemmate1|stemmate]] [[compti]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[patriam]] [[ingressi]] [[propria]] [[se5|se]] [[quisque1|quisque]] [[locavit]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=patriam ingressi}}
|
|-
|[[sed1|Sed]]e, [[sed1|sed]] [[ad]] [[solium1|solium]] [[mox]] [[Waltharius]] [[properavit]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius142|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** '''Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)'''
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius215|next »]]
|[[Waltharius170English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius215

2009-12-12T02:04:44Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) */

===Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)===
{|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[palatini]] [[decurrunt]] [[arce]] [[ministri]]
|215
|{{Commentary|''Palatini'': “palace servants”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 481: ''ecce Palatinus. . .minister. . . '' ‘See the servant of the palace. . .’ ''Aeneid'' 2.41: ''Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce''. ‘Laocoon in hot haste runs down from the citadel’s height.’ 11.490: ''fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce.'' ‘He shone with gold as he ran down from the fortress height.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illius]] [[aspectu]] [[hilares]] [[equitemque]] [[tenebant]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Illius'' equiv. to ''Waltharii'', objective genitive. ''Equitem'' equiv. to ''equum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|hiatus=aspectu hilares|falsequantities=illius}}
|
|-
|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vir]] [[sella]] [[descenderet]] [[inclitus]] [[alta]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[bene]] [[res]] [[vergant]], [[tum]] [[demum]] [[forte]] [[requirunt]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Si…vergant'': indirect question
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ille3|Ille]] [[aliquid]] [[modicum]] [[narrans]] [[intraverat]] [[aulam]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 4.2: ''non enim erat licitum indutum sacco aulam regis intrare.'' ‘For no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king’s court.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=ille aliquid}}
|
|-
|[[lassus]] [[enim1|enim]] [[fuerat]]), [[regisque]] [[cubile]] [[petebat]].
|220
|{{Commentary|''Cubile equiv. to cubiculum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illic]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[offendit]] [[residentem]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=solam offendit}}
|
|-
|[[Cui]] [[post]] [[amplexus]] [[atque]] [[oscula]] [[dulcia]] [[dixit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.687: ''cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet. . .'' ‘When she takes you to her bosom, embraces you and imprints sweet kisses. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS|elision=atque oscula}}
|
|-
|[[ocius]] [[huc]] [[potum]] [[ferto]], [[quia]] [[fessus]] [[anhelo]].'
|
|{{Commentary|''Ocius'': as often in the ''Waltharius'', an adverb’s comparative form is used without any real comparative sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|Statius ''Thebaid'' 11.7-8.: ''Phlegrae ceu fessus anhelet/ proelia. . . '' ‘As though he were breathless and weary after Phlegra’s fight. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[illa2|Illa]] [[mero]] [[tallum]] [[complevit]] [[mox]] [[pretiosum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Tallum'': “cup, goblet” – a Germanism.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 1.729: ''implevitque mero pateram''. ‘She filled the cup with wine.’ ''Liber II Macchabeorum'' 14.4: ''. . .offerens ei. . .tallos qui templi esse videbantur.'' ‘. . .Offering to him. . .boughs which seemed to belong to the temple.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-224.png
File:Waltharius-Line-224_1.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The trope of a woman offering drink or other reward for military service to the hero is common to both Classical and Germanic traditions. In Aeneid 1.729, Dido offers Aeneas wine. The word used there is implevit, which is echoed in the Waltharius by complevit. This theme is also present in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf. After killing Grendel, Beowulf receives a necklace and a byrnie from Wealtheow, Hrothgar’s wife (l. 1215-1220). Before the contest with Grendel, Wealtheow offers Beowulf drink (l. 623-625), on his homecoming, Queen Hygd, the wife of Hygelac, also distributes mead (l. 1980-1983), and Beowulf also talks of Freawaru, Hrothgar’s daughter, distributing mead. Coincidently, Freawaru marries Ingeld, of whom Alcuin wrote to a bishop named Speratus, scolding him for listening to songs and stories of pagan heros, writing “What has Ingeld to do with Christ?” [AE]}}
|-
|[[Porrexitque]] [[viro]], [[qui3|qui]] [[signans]] [[accipiebat]]
|225
|{{Commentary|''Signans'': “making the sign of the Cross” before partaking of the drink.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 8.274: ''pocula porgite dextris.'' ‘Stretch forth the cup in your hands.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|{{Comment|It seems that "signans" must be translated as Kratz does: “…gave it to the man, who, as he took it, crossed / himself, and pressed the maiden’s hand with his….” This translation is overtly Christian, but it is difficult to make sense of the passage otherwise. One way this could look would be that Hildegund offered Walther the filled cup, and he held it and her hand, while blessing the cup with his other hand. Du Cange’s Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis gives the Christian definition as the most common one and traces its use back to Tertullian, so it would likely have carried that connotation to a ninth- or tenth- century author or audience, especially if that audience were monastic. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Virgineamque]] [[manum]] [[propria1|propria]] [[constrinxit]]. [[at]] [[illa2|illa]]
|
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|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|It would be interesting if the last two words of this line ("at illa") were intended as a pun on Attila’s name. However, this seems unlikely for several reasons. If the line were translated with "Attila" instead of "at illa," it would leave Attila to “stand there, silent, staring at [his] master’s face,” which does not make sense, even in a joking way. The phrase also appears later in the poem once Attila is gone (l. [[Waltharius640|673]]). [AE]}}
|-
|[[Astitit]] [[et]] [[vultum]] r[[et]]icens [[intendit]] [[herilem]],
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
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|[[Walthariusque]] [[bibens]] [[vacuum]] [[vas]] [[porrigit]] [[olli]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.254: ''olli subridens. . . '' ‘Smiling on her. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ambo1|Ambo]] [[etenim]] [[norant]] [[de]] [[se2|se]] [[sponsalia]] [[facta1|facta]] --
|
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|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=ambo etenim}}
|{{Comment|This is one of the few hints given to the chronology of the first part of the poem. We know that when the hostages were taken, Gunther was too young to leave his mother, and we know that the three children are essentially adults by the time they leave (Hildegund is old enough to serve as quartermistress, and the boys have become warriors), and here we learn that Hildegund and Walther were both old enough when they were taken that they remember they are betrothed. Of course, it is also possible that Hagen or another captive knew of the betrothal and told them. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Provocat]] [[et]] [[tali1|tali]] [[caram]] [[sermone]] [[puellam]]:
|230
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[exilium]] [[pariter]] [[patimur]] [[iam]] [[tempore]] [[tanto1|tanto]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.638: ''exsiliumque pati. . .'' ‘to suffer exile. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|The theme of exile is also common to both Classical and Germanic poems. In Anglo-Saxon, the elegies The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and The Wife’s Lament each recount sad stories of exile. In the Aeneid, the phrase exsilium pati appears, describing what Aeneas’s father will not do (l. 2.638). Ovid also wrote exile poems. Additionally, as Walther and Hildegund go into exile for the sake of their earthly fathers, and Hagen does so for the sake of his earthly lord, religious figures of their period underwent exile or wandering for the sake of God. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Non]] [[ignorantes]], [[quid5|quid]] [[nostri1|nostri]] [[forte]] [[parentes]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
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|[[Inter]] [[se4|se]] [[nostra]] [[de]] [[re]] [[fecere]] [[futura]].
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quamne]] [[diu]] [[tacito]] [[premimus]] [[haec2|haec]] [[ipsa]] [[palato]]?'
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.103: ''non ipse suo premit ore Latinus.'' ‘Latinus keeps not shut within his own lips.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Virgo]] [[per]] [[hyroniam]] [[meditans]] [[hoc4|hoc]] [[dicere]] [[sponsum]]
|235
|{{Commentary|''Per hyroniam'': “ironically,” i.e., insincerely, to tease her.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|This passage, particularly the word hyroniam in line 235, forms the heart of many scholars’ arguments about irony in the poem. It is clear from this passage that the poet understands the phenomenon of irony, and that he uses it for humorous effect, at least in this instance. However, it is not clear from this passage whether the poet meant anything more than entertainment, let alone the Christian conversion message which Parkes argues that the irony encodes (“Irony in Waltharius”). This passage is ironic because Walther says the opposite of what Hildegund expects, and it might be funny because the betrothed misunderstand each other, but in this key example, the poet does not attack pagan values. Indeed, Walther himself is not even being ironic. Hildegund only thinks he is. Another interpretation is that Walther is joking with Hildegund, and she plays along. However, their relationship does not involve this kind of joking elsewhere in the poem. For further investigation of irony in the Waltharius, see Dennis Green, Ford B. Parkes, Alain Renoir, and David Townsend. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Paulum]] [[conticuit]], [[sed1|sed]] [[postea]] [[talia2|talia]] [[reddit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.323; 10.530: ''talia reddit. '' ‘He answers thus.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
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|[[quid5|Quid]] [[lingua]] [[simulas]], [[quod]] [[ab]] [[imo]] [[pectore]] [[damnas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 6.55: ''pectore ab imo.'' . . ‘From his inmost heart. . .’ 11.840: ''imo pectore.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Oreque]] [[persuades]], [[toto1|toto]] [[quod]] [[corde]] [[refutas]],
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Sit]] [[veluti]] [[talem]] [[pudor]] [[ingens1|ingens]] [[ducere]] [[nuptam]]?'
|
|{{Commentary|''Sit veluti…pudor'': “As if it were a disgrace to…!”
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|-
|[[Vir]] [[sapiens]] [[contra1|contra]] [[respondit]] [[et]] [[intulit]] [[ista3|ista]]:
|240
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[absit]] [[quod]] [[memoras]]! [[dextrorsum]] [[porrige1|porrige]] [[sensum]]!
|
|{{Commentary|''Porrige'' equiv. to ''dirige'' ''Dextrosrum'': i.e., to what is favorable/correct.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.109: ''quod memoras''. . . ‘What you say. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Noris]] [[me1|me]] [[nihilum]] [[simulata]] [[me1|me]]nte [[locutum]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.105: ''sensit enim simulata mente locutam.'' ‘For she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|This line closely parallels line 4.105 of the Aeneid ("sensit enim simulata mente locutam"), but in the Aeneid, Venus has actually been fraudulent, whereas Walther here pleads that he was not. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[nebulae]] [[vel]] [[falsi]] [[interfore]] [[crede]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=falsi interfore}}
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|[[nullus2|Nullus]] [[adest]] [[nobis]] [[exceptis]] [[namque]] [[duobus]]:
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[nossem]] [[temet]] [[mihi]] [[promptam]] [[impendere]] [[mentem]]
|245
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promptam impendere}}
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|[[Atque]] [[fidem]] [[votis]] [[servare]] [[per]] [[omnia]] [[cautis]],
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[Pandere]] [[cuncta]] [[tibi]] [[cordis]] [[mysteria]] [[vellem]].'
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[Tandem]] [[virgo]] [[viri]] [[genibus]] [[curvata]] [[profatur1|profatur]]:
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[vocas]], [[mi]] [[domne]], [[sequar]] [[studiose]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Domne equiv. to Domine''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 4.114: ''perge, sequar.'' ‘Go on; I will follow.’ ''Eclogue ''3.49:'' veniam quocumque vocaris.'' ‘Wherever you challenge me, I’ll be there.’ ''Aeneid'' 5.22-23.: ''sequamur,/ quoque vocat, vertamus iter.'' ‘Let us follow, and turn our course whither she calls.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[placitis]] [[malim]] [[praeponere]] [[iussis]].'
|250
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ille1|Ille]] [[dehinc]]: '[[piget]] [[exilii]] [[me1|me]] [[denique]] [[nostri]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
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|[[Et]] [[patriae]] [[fines]] [[reminiscor]] [[saepe]] [[relictos]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 1.3: ''nos patriae finis et dulcia linquimus arva.'' ‘We are leaving our country’s bounds and sweet fields.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[fugam]] [[cupio]] [[celerare]] [[latentem]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.357: ''tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet.'' ‘Then he bids her take speedy flight.’ 3.666:'' nos procul inde fugam. . .celerare.'' ‘We speed our flight far from there.’ 9.378: ''celerare fugam.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[iam]] [[prae]] [[multis1|multis]] [[potuissem]] [[forte]] [[diebus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Prae multis…diebus'': “many days ago.” Classical authors use ''prae'' + abl. to mean “before” only in a spatial sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.342: ''forte diebus''. . .'' '' ‘In those days, as it chanced. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[non]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[remanere]] [[dolerem]].'
|255
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius170|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** '''Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)'''
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius256|next »]]
|[[Waltharius215English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius170

2009-12-12T01:52:51Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214) */

===Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)===
{|
|-
|[[Venerat]] [[interea1|interea]] [[satrapae]] [[certissima]] [[fama]]
|170
|{{Commentary|''Satrapae'' equiv. to ''Attilae''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quandam]], [[quae4|quae]] [[nuper]] [[superata]], [[resistere]] [[gentem]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Quandam…gentem'': since the sudden rebellion is merely a crude plot device, the precise identity of the people is unimportant.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[bellum]] [[Hunis1|Hunis]] [[confestim]] [[inferre]] [[paratam]].
|
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|
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=confestim inferre|hiatus=bellum Hunis}}
|
|-
|[[Tunc]] [[ad]] [[Waltharium]] [[convertitur]] [[actio]] [[rerum]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Action rerum'': “the leadership of the expedition”
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[qui3|Qui]] [[mox]] [[militiam]] [[percensuit]] [[ordine]] [[totam]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
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|[[Et]] [[bellatorum]] [[confortat]] [[corda]] [[suorum]],
|175
|{{Commentary|''Confortat'' equiv. to ''confirmat''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Regum II'' 11.25: ''conforta bellatores.'' ‘Encourage thy warriors.’ ''Liber Genesis'' 18.5: ''confortate cor vestrum.'' ‘Strengthen ye your heart.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The language here recalls passages from Genesis ("confortate cor vestrum," 18:5) and II Kings ("conforta bellatores," 11.25). In the Genesis passage, Abraham is speaking to visiting angels. The passage from II Kings is King David sending a message to his nephew Joab after the death of Uriah the Hittite. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Hortans]] [[praeteritos]] [[semper]] [[memorare]] [[triumphos]]
|
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|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
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|[[Promittensque]] [[istos]] [[solita]] [[virtute]] [[tyrannos]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Tyrannos'' equiv. to ''rebelles'' (here)
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 155-156.: '' ‘vicimus,’ inquit,/ ‘exultans Vitium solita virtute.’ '' ‘ “We have overcome,” he said, “a proud Vice with our wonted virtue.” ’ ''Aeneid'' 11.415: ''quamquam o si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset! '' ‘If only we had any of our wonted valour!’'' ''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promittensque istos}}
|
|-
|[[Sternere]] [[et]] [[externis]] [[terrorem]] [[imponere]] [[terris]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=sternere et; terrorem imponere}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[mora]], [[consurgit]] [[sequiturque]] [[exercitus]] [[omnis1|omnis]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.597-598.: ''At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat,/ Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis/ compositi numero in turmas''. ‘But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted array, marshalled by number into squadrons.’
 ''Liber Iosue'' 8.3: ''surrexit Iosue et omnis exercitus bellatorum cum eo''. ‘And Josue arose, and all the army of the fighting men with him.’ ''Aeineid'' 2.415: ''exercitus omnis. . .'' ‘The whole host. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=sequiturque exercitus}}
|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[locum]] [[pugnae]] [[conspexerat]] [[et]] [[numeratam]]
|180
|{{Commentary|The description of the battle that follows reworks a scene from the ''Aeneid'' (11.597 ff.) while attempting some limited level of verisimilitude in its depiction of medieval warfare. The warriors fight on horseback (a practice adopted by the Franks in Carolingian times), first with arrows and javelins from afar (the practice of the Hungarian Avars), and then in hand-to-hand combat with swords (not found in the scene from the ''Aeneid'').
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.597-598.: ''At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat,/ Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis/ compositi numero in turmas''. ‘But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted array, marshalled by number into squadrons.’
 ''Aeneid'' 11.599: ''compositi numero in turmas''. . . ‘Marshalled by number into squadrons. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|{{Comment|Abram Ring suggests that the frequent use of “ecce” and “en,” which would be unusual in Classical Latin, may be borrowing from Prudentius. Alternately, he writes, it might translate an interjection from the Germanic tradition, similar to the Anglo-Saxon “hwæt.” [AE]
The battle here is reminiscent of the battles in the Aeneid (like that at 11.597), but some features distinguish it as medieval. For instance, they fight on horseback, which is a Carolingian innovation. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Per]] [[latos]] [[aciem]] [[campos]] [[digessit]] [[et]] [[agros]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.599: ''compositi numero in turmas''. . . ‘Marshalled by number into squadrons. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 10.407-408.: ''extenditur una/ horrida per latos acies Volcania campos''. ‘Vulcan’s bristling battleline spreads unbroken over the broad fields.’ 11.601-602.: ''tum late ferreus hastis/ horret ager campique armis sublimibus ardent.'' ‘Far and wide the field bristles with the steel of spears, and the plains are ablaze with raised weapons.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
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|[[Iamque]] [[infra]] [[iactum]] [[teli]] [[congressus]] [[uterque]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.608-609.: ''iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque/ substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore.'' ‘And now in its advance each army had halted within a spear cast of the other; with a sudden shout they dash forth.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=iamque in}}
|
|-
|[[Constiterat]] [[cuneus]]: [[tunc]] [[undique]] [[clamor]] [[ad]] [[auras]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.608-609.: ''iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque/ substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore.'' ‘And now in its advance each army had halted within a spear cast of the other; with a sudden shout they dash forth.’
 ''Aeneid'' 9.566-567. ''undique clamor/ tollitur''. ‘On all sides a shout goes up.’ 2.699: ''se tollit ad auras. '' ‘He raises himself to the airs.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
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|[[Tollitur]], [[horrendam]] [[confundunt]] [[classica]] [[vocem]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.566-567. ''undique clamor/ tollitur''. ‘On all sides a shout goes up.’ 2.699: ''se tollit ad auras. '' ‘He raises himself to the airs.’
 ''Aeneid'' 7.637: ''classica iamque sonant''. ‘And now the clarion sounds.’ 9.731-732.: ''arma/ horrendum sonuere.'' ‘His armour rang terribly.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Continuoque]] [[hastae]] [[volitant]] [[hinc]] [[indeque1|indeque]] [[densae]].
|185
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''continuo''. . . ‘At once. . .’ 11.610-611.: ''fundunt simul undique tela/ crebra nivis ritu''. ‘Together from all sides they shower weapons as thick as snowflakes.’ 12.408-409.: ''spicula castris/ densa cadunt mediis''. ‘Shafts fall thick in the middle of the camp.’ ''Georgics'' 2.142: ''galeis densisque virum seges horruit hastis''. ‘The fields bristled with the helms and serried lances of warriors.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=H-ELISION: continuoque hastae}}
|
|-
|[[Fraxinus]] [[et]] [[cornus]] [[ludum]] [[miscebat]] [[in]] [[unum]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Fraxinus et cornus'': by metonymy, the wooden spears.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.698: ''volat Itala cornus''. ‘The Italian cornel shaft flies.’ 12.267: ''sonitum dat stridula cornus''. ‘The whistling cornel shaft sings.’ 12.714: ''fors et virtus miscentur in unum.'' ‘Chance and valour blend in one.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Fulminis]] [[inque]] [[modum]] [[cuspis]] [[vibrata]] [[micabat]].
|
|{{Commentary|''In modum'' equiv. to ''instar''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.615-616.: ''excussus Aconteus/ fulminis in morem''. . .''praecipitat longe''. ‘Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[Ac]] [[veluti]] [[boreae]] [[sub]] [[tempore]] [[nix]] [[glomerata]]
|
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|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The metaphor here suggests that both the poet and his expected audience were familiar with snow. Indeed, it suggests that they had experienced snowstorms, not simply seen snow on faraway mountaintops. In contrast, the only appearance of snow in the Aeneid is in line 4.238. Mercury is flying to Carthage, and on the way there he sees Atlas, whose shoulders are snow-covered. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Spargitur]], [[haud]] [[aliter]] [[saevas]] [[iecere]] [[sagittas]].
|
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|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[postremum1|Postremum]] [[cunctis1|cunctis]] [[utroque]] [[ex]] [[agmine]] [[pilis]]
|190
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|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=utroque ex}}
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|[[absumptis1|Absumptis]] [[manus]] [[ad]] [[mucronem]] [[vertitur]] [[omnis]]:
|
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|{{Parallel|Prudentius'' Psychomachia'' 137: ''vertitur ad capulum manus''. ‘Her ruthless hand turned to her sword-hilt.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
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|[[Fulmineos]] [[promunt]] [[enses]] [[clipeosque]] [[revolvunt]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Clipeosque revolvunt'': variously explained. The warriors are either throwing back their shields or taking them up again having already done so, in preparation for combat (cf. ''restaurant'' in the following line).
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.579-580.: ''vaginaque eripit ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘He snatches his flashing sword from its sheath.’ 9.441-442.: ''instat non setius ac rotat ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘Onward none the less he presses, whirling his lightning blade.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[Concurrunt]] [[acies1|acies]] [[demum]] [[pugnamque]] [[restaurant]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[Pectoribus]] [[partim]] [[rumpuntur]] [[pectora1|pectora]] [[equorum]],
|
|{{Commentary|The thought of this line parallels that of the next: some of both the horses and the men were killed merely by being crushed against one another while armed in the stampede of battle.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=pectora equorum}}
|
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|[[Sternitur]] [[et]] [[quaedam]] [[pars]] [[duro]] [[umbone]] [[virorum]].
|195
|
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 255-256.: ''hostem humilem cupiens inpulsu umbonis equini/ sternere. . .'' ‘Eager to upset her lowly enemy with the shock of her horse-hide shield. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=duro umbone}}
|
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|[[Waltharius]] [[tamen]] [[in]] [[medio1|medio]] [[furit]] [[agmine]] [[bello]],
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 11.762: ''qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo''. . . ‘Wherever the maiden rides among the ranks in her fury. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-196.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
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|[[Obvia]] [[quaeque1|quaeque]] [[metens]] [[armis]] [[ac]] [[limite]] [[pergens]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 11.762: ''qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo''. . . ‘Wherever the maiden rides among the ranks in her fury. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 10.513-514.: ''proxima quaeque metit gladio latumque per agmen/ ardens limitem agit ferro''. . . ‘With the sword he mows down all the nearest ranks, and fiercely drives a broad path through the host with the steel. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[hunc2|Hunc]] [[ubi]] [[conspiciunt]] [[hostes1|hostes]] [[tantas]] [[dare]] [[strages]],
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.783-784.: ''unus homo et vestris, o cives, undique saeptus/ aggeribus tantas strages. . .ediderit? '' ‘My countrymen, shall one man, hemmed in on every side by your ramparts, deal such carnage?’ ''Georgics ''3.246-247.: ''nec funera vulgo/ tam multa informes ursi stragemque dedere''. ‘Never does the shapeless bear spread death and havoc so widely.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
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|[[Ac]] [[si]] [[praesentem]] [[metuebant]] [[cernere]] [[mortem]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Ac si'': qualifying ''praesentem'', not beginning a clause.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.91: ''praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.'' ‘All forebodes the sailors’ instant death.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
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|[[Et]] [[quemcunque]] [[locum]], [[seu]] [[dextram]] [[sive]] [[sinistram]],
|200
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.563: ''laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit''. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[Waltharius]] [[peteret]], [[cuncti1|cuncti]] [[mox]] [[terga]] [[dederunt]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.563: ''laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit''. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’
 ''Aeneid'' 9.686: ''agminibus totis qut versi terga dedere.'' ‘With all their columns [they] are routed and turn to flight.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[versis]] [[scutis]] [[laxisque]] [[feruntur]] [[habenis]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Versis scutis'': they put their shields on their backs to protect them as they flee.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.686: ''agminibus totis qut versi terga dedere.'' ‘With all their columns [they] are routed and turn to flight.’
 ''Aeneid'' 11.618-619.:'' versique Latini/ reiciunt parmas''. ‘The routed Latins cast their shields behind them.’ 11.623: ''hi fugiunt penitusque datis referuntur habenis'' ‘The others flee, and retreat far off with loosened rein.’ ''Georgics'' 2.364: ''palmes agit laxis per purum immisus habenis. . .'' ‘The shoot, speeding through the void with loosened reins. . .’ ''Aeneid'' 1.62-63.: ''qui foedere certo/ et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.'' ‘Who, under fixed covenant, should be skilled to tighten and loosen the reins at command.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|[[Tunc]] [[imitata]] [[ducem]] [[gens]] [[maxima]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.758-759.: '' ducis exemplum eventumque secuti/ Maeonidae incurrunt. '' ‘Following their chief’s example and success, Maeonia’s sons attack.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-196.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
File:Europe500.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
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|[[Saevior]] [[insurgit]] [[caedemque]] [[audacior]] [[auget]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 12.902: ''altior insurgens.'' . . ‘Rising to his height. . .’ Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 31: ''altior insurgens.''
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=caedemque audacior}}
|
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|[[Deicit]] [[obstantes]], [[fugientes]] [[proterit]] [[usque]],
|205
|
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' Praefatio 28: ''pellit fugatos, sauciatos proterit. '' ‘[He] drives off in flight those proud kings. . .or cuts them down.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[dum1|Dum]] [[caperet]] [[plenum]] [[belli]] [[sub]] [[sorte]] [[triumphum]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Belli sub sorte'': “in the outcome of the battle”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 474: ''belli sub sorte''. . . ‘By the luck of war. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Tum]] [[super1|super]] [[occisos]] [[ruit]] [[et]] [[spoliaverat]] [[omnes1|omnes]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[tandem]] [[ductor]] [[recavo]] [[vocat]] [[agmina]] [[cornu]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 7.513-514.: ''cornuque recurvo/ Tartaream intendit vocem. '' ‘On the twisted horn [she] strains her hellish voice.’ 3.239: '' dat signum specula Misenus ab alta/ aere cavo. '' ‘Misenus on his hollow brass gave the signal from his watch aloft.’ Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 422: ''recavo misceret labra palato''. ‘[She] beats the lips into the arched mouth.’ ''Aeneid'' 7.508: ''vocat agmina Tyrrhus''. ‘Tyrrhus summons his bands.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
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|[[Ac]] [[primus1|primus]] [[frontem]] [[festa]] [[cum2|cum]] [[fronde]] [[revinxit]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.71-72.: '' ‘. . .cingite tempora ramis.’/ Sic fatus velat materna tempora myrto./ hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes/ hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. '' ‘ “. . .Weathe your brows with leaves.” So speaking, he crowns his brows with his mother’s myrtle. Thus does Helymus, thus Acestes, ripe of years, thus the boy Ascanius, the rest of the youth following.’ 7.614: ''sequitur tum cetera pubes''. ‘Then the rest of the warriors take up the cry.’ 4.459: ''velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum. . .'' ‘Wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Victrici]] [[lauro]] [[cingens]] [[sua1|sua]] [[timpora]] [[vulgo]],
|210
|{{Commentary|''Timpora'' equiv. to ''tempora''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.71-72.: '' ‘. . .cingite tempora ramis.’/ Sic fatus velat materna tempora myrto./ hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes/ hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. '' ‘ “. . .Weathe your brows with leaves.” So speaking, he crowns his brows with his mother’s myrtle. Thus does Helymus, thus Acestes, ripe of years, thus the boy Ascanius, the rest of the youth following.’ 7.614: ''sequitur tum cetera pubes''. ‘Then the rest of the warriors take up the cry.’ 4.459: ''velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum. . .'' ‘Wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 5.539: ''cingit viridanti tempora lauro.'' ‘He binds his brows with green laurel.’ Virgil, ''Eclogue'' 8.12-13.: ''hanc sine tempora circum/ inter victricis hederam tibi serpere lauros.'' ‘Grant that, amid the conqueror’s laurels, this ivy may creep about your brows.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The laurels mentioned here are likely meant to be taken as a Classical reference, rather than as a literal description of the homecoming. The bay laurel, from which laurel wreaths are typically made, is a Mediterranean plant, and it would have a hard time surviving in northern Europe. Even then, the plant would have had to be imported, because it is not native. It is more likely that the poet refers to laurels but means a more cold-hearty plant. [AE]}}
|-
|[[post1|Post]] [[hunc2|hunc]] [[signiferi]], [[sequitur]] [[quos]] [[cetera]] [[pubes]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Iamque]] [[triumphali]] [[redierunt]] [[stemmate1|stemmate]] [[compti]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[patriam]] [[ingressi]] [[propria]] [[se5|se]] [[quisque1|quisque]] [[locavit]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=patriam ingressi}}
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|[[sed1|Sed]]e, [[sed1|sed]] [[ad]] [[solium1|solium]] [[mox]] [[Waltharius]] [[properavit]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius142|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** '''Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)'''
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius215|next »]]
|[[Waltharius170English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius142

2009-12-12T01:48:44Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169) */

===Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)===
{|
|-
|[[Waltharius]] [[venit]], [[cui1|cui]] [[princeps]] [[talia2|talia]] [[pandit]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Ipse'': Waltharius, who begins speaking in line 146. (Attila’s repetition of his wife’s speech is elided.)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.179: ''remque ordine pando''. ‘I reveal all in order.’ 6.723: ''suscipit Anchises atque ordine singula pandit. '' ‘Anchises replies, and reveals each truth in order.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Uxorem]] [[suadens1|suadens]] [[sibi1|sibi]] [[ducere]]; [[sed1|sed]] [[tamen]] [[ipse]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Iam]] [[tum]] [[praemeditans]], [[quod]] [[post]] [[compleverat]] [[actis1|actis]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Quod'': obj. of ''praemeditans''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 21.14: ''non praemeditari quemadmodum respondeatis''. ‘Do not meditate before how you should answer.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[his1|His]] [[instiganti]] [[suggestibus]] [[obvius]] [[infit1|infit]]:
|145
|{{Commentary|''Suggestibus'' equiv. to ''consiliis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vestra]] [[quidem]] [[pietas]] [[est]], [[quod3|quod]] [[modici]] [[famulatus]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Modici famulatus'': genitive of description with ''causa'', meaning “of little importance” or “that has provided some small service.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Causam]] [[conspicitis]]. [[sed1|sed]] [[quod3|quod]] [[mea1|mea]] [[segnia]] [[mentis]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Causam'': here, as often in the ''Waltharius'', this word is practically the equivalent of ''res'' – well on its way to becoming French ''chose'', Italian/Spanish ''cosa'', “thing.” ''Mea segnia'': i.e., Waltharius’s delay in making a decision regarding marriage.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|"Causa" is used here in a sense which arose in Later Latin, meaning "thing" as in French "chose" and Italian "cosa." Du Cange’s Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis cites this meaning of "causa" in the laws of the Lombards and in the laws of Charlemagne. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Intuitu]] [[fertis]], [[numquam]] [[meruisse]] [[valerem]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Mentis intuitu fertis'' equiv. to ''attenditis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[sed1|Sed]] [[precor]], [[ut1|ut]] [[servi]] [[capiatis]] [[verba]] [[fidelis]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nuptam]] [[accipiam]] [[domini]] [[praecepta]] [[secundum1|secundum]],
|150
|{{Commentary|''Secundum'': the post-positive preposition
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=nuptam accipiam}}
|
|-
|[[Vinciar]] [[in]] [[primis]] [[curis]] [[et]] [[amore]] [[puellae]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[A]]tque [[a]] [[servitio]] [[regis]] [[plerumque]] [[retardor]]:
|
|{{Commentary|''Retardor'': Like ''cogor'' and ''moratur'' below, with a future sense.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=atque a}}
|
|-
|[[Aedificare]] [[domos]] [[cultumque]] [[intendere]] [[ruris]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=cultumque intendere}}
|
|-
|[[Cogor]], [[et]] [[hoc2|hoc]] [[oculis]] [[senioris]] [[adesse]] [[moratur]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[solitam]] [[regno]] [[Hunorum]] [[impendere]] [[curam]].
|155
|
|{{Parallel|''Georgics'' 2.433: ''et dubitant homines serere atque impendere curam?'' ‘And can men be slow to plant and bestow care?’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=Hunorum impendere|hiatus=regno Hunorum}}
|
|-
|[[Namque]] [[voluptatem]] [[quisquis]] [[gustaverit]], [[exin]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Intolerabilius]] [[consuevit]] [[ferre]] [[labores]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Intolerabilius'': here active in sense, “with less tolerance.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nil2|Nil]] [[tam]] [[dulce]] [[mihi]], [[quam]] [[semper]] [[inesse]] [[fideli]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|This is a particularly acute manifestation of the Germanic warrior ethos – love for the lord above all else. However, since the audience knows Walther is promised to Hildegund, and we will soon see them plotting together against Attila, it has the ring of irony. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Obsequio]] [[domini]]; [[quare]] [[precor1|precor]] [[absque]] [[iugali]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The language here echoes Aeneid 4.16, which reads, “ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali….” Dido says this to her sister Anna, talking about how she might fall for Aeneas if only she had not decided to avoid “nuptial chains.” Dido goes on to fall for Aeneas, just as Walther, despite what he says, will go on to marry Hildegund. The other parallel, which will return later in the poem, is between Attila and Dido, who are the ones the hero leaves behind. [AE]}}
|-
|[[me1|Me]] [[vinclo]] [[permitte]] [[me1|me]]am [[iam]] [[ducere]] [[vitam]].
|160
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
 ''Aeineid'' 3.315: ''vitamque extrema per omnia duco''. ‘I drag on my life through all extremes.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[sero]] [[aut]] [[medio1|medio]] [[noctis]] [[mihi]] [[tempore]] [[mandas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Marcum'' 13.35: ''sero an media nocte''. . . ‘At evening or at midnight. . .’'' Aeineid'' 8.407: ''medio noctis.'' . . ‘In the middle of the night. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS|elision=sero aut}}
|{{Comment|The phrase "sero aut medio noctis" also appears in the Gospel of Mark, when Christ tells the parable of the faithful servant, who keeps watch because he does not know at what hour his lord will return. This parable is a metaphor for the return of Christ. In using this language, the Waltharius poet reminds his readers that Walther is a Christian, just as he does in lines [[Waltharius215|225]], when Walther blesses the goblet, and in [[Waltharius1130|1161]], when Walther prays to his Creator. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[iubes]], [[securus]] [[et]] [[ibo]] [[paratus]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[bellis]] [[nullae]] [[persuadent]] [[cedere]] [[curae]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[nati]] [[aut]] [[coniunx]] [[retrahentque]] [[fugamque]] [[movebunt]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS|elision=nati aut}}
|
|-
|[[Testor]] [[per]] [[propriam]] [[temet1|temet]], [[pater1|pater]] [[optime]], [[vitam]]
|165
|{{Commentary|''Testor'': here construed like ''precor'' with a purpose clause, joining an oath to an earnest request.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.599-600.: ''per sidera testor,/ per superos atque hoc caeli spirabile lumen,/ tollite me. '' ‘By the stars I beseech you, by the gods above and this lightsome air we breathe, take me.’ 1.555: ''pater optime. . . '' ‘Noble father. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|It is strange that Walther refers to Attila as pater here. However, Attila may mean "little father" in Old Turkic, which was possibly the language of the Huns. For a full discussion of Attila's name, see Otto Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns: Studies in their history and culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), chapter 4. The phrase pater optime also appears in Aeneid 1.555, where it seems to refer to Jupiter. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Atque]] [[per]] [[invictam]] [[nunc]] [[gentem]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Nunc'': an ironic touch? (Cf. line 144)
}}
|
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ut1|Ut]] [[non]] [[ulterius1|ulterius]] [[me1|me]] [[cogas]] [[sumere]] [[taedas]].'
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[His]] [[precibus]] [[victus]] [[suasus]] [[rex]] [[deserit]] [[omnes1|omnes]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sperans]] [[Waltharium]] [[fugiendo]] [[recedere]] [[numquam]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius123|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** '''Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)'''
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius170|next »]]
|[[Waltharius142English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius123

2009-12-12T01:44:31Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141) */

===Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)===
{|
|-
|[[Ospirin]] [[elapsum]] [[Haganonem]] [[regia]] [[coniunx]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Ospirin'': The queen’s name is not found elsewhere. The Roman historian Jordanes (''Getica'' 49) speaks of Attila’s ''innumerabiles uxores''.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.783: ''illic res laetae regnumque et regia coniunx''. ‘There in store for you are happy days, kingship, and a royal wife.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|hiatus=elapsum Haganonem}}
|{{Comment|Although the historian Jordanes writes of Attila’s “innumerabile uxores,” Ospirin's name does not appear anywhere outside the Waltharius. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Attendens]] [[domino1|domino]] [[suggessit]] [[talia2|talia]] [[dicta]]:
|
|{{Commentary|Two examples of slight semantic drift away from Classical Latin: ''Attendens'': “noticing” (rather than “directing attention towards”) ''Suggessit'': “offered, advised” (rather than “supplied, provided”)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.852: ''talia dicta dabat''. ‘Such words he said.’ 2.6: ''talia fando''. ‘In telling such a tale. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Provideat]] [[caveatque]], [[precor]], [[sollertia]] [[regis]],
|125
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 12.15: ''videte et cavete''. ‘Take heed and beware.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDD}}
|
|-
|[[Ne]] [[vestri]] [[imperii]] [[labatur]] [[forte]] [[columna]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Vestri'': the 2nd person plural to indicate respect in addressing a single person (cf. French ''vous'', German ''Sie'') is not found in Classical authors.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=vestri imperii}}
|{{Comment|Ospirin uses the second person plural when speaking to her husband in this passage, and in line [[Waltharius358|376]]. Walther also uses the second person plural to speak to Attila (lines [[Waltharius142|146]], [[Waltharius287|306]]), and Hildegund uses it for Walther (line [[Waltharius256|257]]). This suggests that the poet is using this formality either because of Attila’s office or because of the woman-to-man relationship. The use of the second person plural to indicate respect for a single person is a feature of Later Latin not found in Classical authors. [AE]
The figure of Walther as "columna imperii" reappears in line [[Waltharius358|376]] after Walther and Hildegund flee. [AE]}}
|-
|[[hoc6|Hoc]] [[est]], [[Waltharius]] [[vester]] [[discedat]] [[amicus1|amicus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Discedat'': still governed by ''ne''.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[quo1|quo]] [[magna1|magna]] [[potestatis]] [[vis]] [[extitit]] [[huius]];
|
|{{Commentary|''Potestatis'' equiv. to ''regni''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nam1|Nam]] [[vereor]], [[ne]] [[fors]] [[fugiens1|fugiens]] [[Haganonem]] [[imitetur]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|elision=Haganonem imitetur}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[meam1|meam]] [[perpendite]] [[nunc]] [[rationem]]:
|130
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[cum1|Cum]] [[primum1|primum]] [[veniat]], [[haec2|haec]] [[illi]] [[dicite]] [[verba]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Servitio]] [[in]] [[nostro]] [[magnos]] [[plerumque]] [[labores]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=servitio in}}
|
|-
|[[Passus eras]] [[ideoque]] [[scias]], [[quod3|quod]] [[gratia]] [[nostra3|nostra]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.421: ''Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores?'' ‘Turnus, will you endure all these labours spent in vain?’ 12.32-33.: ''me casus, quae, Turne, sequantur/ bella, vides, quantos primus patiare labores. '' ‘You see what perils, Turnus, what wars pursue me, what heavy burdens you bear above all.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|falsequantities=extra syllable}}
|
|-
|[[Prae]] [[cunctis]] [[temet1|temet]] [[nimium]] [[dilexit]] [[amicis]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 9.430: ''tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum.'' ‘He but loved his hapless friend too well.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[volo]] [[plus1|plus]] [[factis]] [[te3|te]] [[quam]] [[cognoscere]] [[dictis1|dictis]]:
|135
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Elige]] [[de]] [[satrapis]] [[nuptam]] [[tibi1|tibi]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''De satrapis'' equiv. to ''de filiabus satraparum''; cf. note on line 43.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Iudicum'' 3.3: ''quinque satrapas Philisthinorum''. . . ‘Five princes of the Philistines. . .’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|"Satrapa" has a decidedly negative and foreign connotation in the Vulgate Bible, where it refers to leaders of the Philistines (Judges, I Kings), leaders appointed by Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel), and leaders following the evil Haman (Esther). The banquet (described in [[Waltharius287|line 287 and following]]) that Walther throws for the Huns recalls the banquet that Esther gives for Assuerus and Haman in the Book of Esther. Although Lewis and Short gives a technical and specific definition for "satrapa" (“a governor of a province, a viceroy among the Persians”), it is likely that the Waltharius poet uses it in a more general sense, perhaps because of the poetic limitations. Using the word here implicitly compares the Huns to the foreign enemies of the Bible, emphasizing their strangeness. [AE]
"Satrapis" here refers to Attila's vassals, not to Attila himself (as in line [[Waltharius34|43]]). Attila invites Walther to choose a bride from the satraps of Pannonia, not meaning that Walther should marry one of the vassals, but his bride should come from the vassal class. Kratz's translation here is fairly loose, but captures the meaning well. [AE]}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[non]] [[pauperiem]] [[propriam]] [[perpendere]] [[cures]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Amplificabo]] [[quidem]] [[valde]] [[te]] [[rure]] [[domique1|domique]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Rure domique'': apparently an ablative of means followed by a locative. Probably one should be assimilated to the other in translation; both possibilities yield acceptable sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Genesis'' 17.20: ''et augebo et multiplicabo eum valde''. ‘I will increase him, and multiply him exceedingly.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[qui3|qui]]squam, [[qui3|qui]] [[dat]] [[sponsam1|sponsam]], [[post1|post]] [[facta3|facta]] [[pudebit]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Pudebit'': A personal construction, unusual in Classical Latin, though cf. Plaut. ''Cas''. 5.2.3.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[si]] [[completis]], [[illum2|illum]] [[stabilire]] [[potestis]].'
|140
|{{Commentary|''Stabilire'': the verb is used with human direct objects in the Vulgate Bible in the sense of “to sustain,” but here it probably has its more literal meaning, continuing the metaphor of the ''columna'' from line 126, as Wieland suggests.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Hiezecihel Propheta'' 4.6: ''et cum conpleveris haec. .'' . ‘And when thou hast accomplished this. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Complacuit]] [[sermo]] [[regi1|regi]] [[coepitque]] [[parari]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Psalmi'' 18.15: ''et erunt ut conplaceant eloquia oris mei.'' ‘And the words of my mouth shall be such as may please.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius116|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** '''Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)'''
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius142|next »]]
|[[Waltharius123English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius142

2009-12-12T01:40:42Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169) */

===Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)===
{|
|-
|[[Waltharius]] [[venit]], [[cui1|cui]] [[princeps]] [[talia2|talia]] [[pandit]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Ipse'': Waltharius, who begins speaking in line 146. (Attila’s repetition of his wife’s speech is elided.)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.179: ''remque ordine pando''. ‘I reveal all in order.’ 6.723: ''suscipit Anchises atque ordine singula pandit. '' ‘Anchises replies, and reveals each truth in order.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Uxorem]] [[suadens1|suadens]] [[sibi1|sibi]] [[ducere]]; [[sed1|sed]] [[tamen]] [[ipse]]
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
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|[[Iam]] [[tum]] [[praemeditans]], [[quod]] [[post]] [[compleverat]] [[actis1|actis]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Quod'': obj. of ''praemeditans''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 21.14: ''non praemeditari quemadmodum respondeatis''. ‘Do not meditate before how you should answer.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[his1|His]] [[instiganti]] [[suggestibus]] [[obvius]] [[infit1|infit]]:
|145
|{{Commentary|''Suggestibus'' equiv. to ''consiliis''
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vestra]] [[quidem]] [[pietas]] [[est]], [[quod3|quod]] [[modici]] [[famulatus]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Modici famulatus'': genitive of description with ''causa'', meaning “of little importance” or “that has provided some small service.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Causam]] [[conspicitis]]. [[sed1|sed]] [[quod3|quod]] [[mea1|mea]] [[segnia]] [[mentis]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Causam'': here, as often in the ''Waltharius'', this word is practically the equivalent of ''res'' – well on its way to becoming French ''chose'', Italian/Spanish ''cosa'', “thing.” ''Mea segnia'': i.e., Waltharius’s delay in making a decision regarding marriage.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|"Causa" is used here in a sense which arose in Later Latin, meaning "thing" as in French "chose" and Italian "cosa." Du Cange’s Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis cites this meaning of "causa" in the laws of the Lombards and in the laws of Charlemagne. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Intuitu]] [[fertis]], [[numquam]] [[meruisse]] [[valerem]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Mentis intuitu fertis'' equiv. to ''attenditis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[sed1|Sed]] [[precor]], [[ut1|ut]] [[servi]] [[capiatis]] [[verba]] [[fidelis]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nuptam]] [[accipiam]] [[domini]] [[praecepta]] [[secundum1|secundum]],
|150
|{{Commentary|''Secundum'': the post-positive preposition
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=nuptam accipiam}}
|
|-
|[[Vinciar]] [[in]] [[primis]] [[curis]] [[et]] [[amore]] [[puellae]]
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[A]]tque [[a]] [[servitio]] [[regis]] [[plerumque]] [[retardor]]:
|
|{{Commentary|''Retardor'': Like ''cogor'' and ''moratur'' below, with a future sense.
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=atque a}}
|
|-
|[[Aedificare]] [[domos]] [[cultumque]] [[intendere]] [[ruris]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=cultumque intendere}}
|
|-
|[[Cogor]], [[et]] [[hoc2|hoc]] [[oculis]] [[senioris]] [[adesse]] [[moratur]]
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|
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|[[Et]] [[solitam]] [[regno]] [[Hunorum]] [[impendere]] [[curam]].
|155
|
|{{Parallel|''Georgics'' 2.433: ''et dubitant homines serere atque impendere curam?'' ‘And can men be slow to plant and bestow care?’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=Hunorum impendere|hiatus=regno Hunorum}}
|
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|[[Namque]] [[voluptatem]] [[quisquis]] [[gustaverit]], [[exin]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Intolerabilius]] [[consuevit]] [[ferre]] [[labores]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Intolerabilius'': here active in sense, “with less tolerance.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nil2|Nil]] [[tam]] [[dulce]] [[mihi]], [[quam]] [[semper]] [[inesse]] [[fideli]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|This is a particularly acute manifestation of the Germanic warrior ethos – love for the lord above all else. However, since the audience knows Walther is promised to Hildegund, and we will soon see them plotting together against Attila, it has the ring of irony. -AE}}
|-
|[[Obsequio]] [[domini]]; [[quare]] [[precor1|precor]] [[absque]] [[iugali]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The language here echoes Aeneid 4.16, which reads, “ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali….” Dido says this to her sister Anna, talking about how she might fall for Aeneas if only she had not decided to avoid “nuptial chains.” Dido goes on to fall for Aeneas, just as Walther, despite what he says, will go on to marry Hildegund. The other parallel, which will return later in the poem, is between Attila and Dido, who are the ones the hero leaves behind. -AE}}
|-
|[[me1|Me]] [[vinclo]] [[permitte]] [[me1|me]]am [[iam]] [[ducere]] [[vitam]].
|160
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
 ''Aeineid'' 3.315: ''vitamque extrema per omnia duco''. ‘I drag on my life through all extremes.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[sero]] [[aut]] [[medio1|medio]] [[noctis]] [[mihi]] [[tempore]] [[mandas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Marcum'' 13.35: ''sero an media nocte''. . . ‘At evening or at midnight. . .’'' Aeineid'' 8.407: ''medio noctis.'' . . ‘In the middle of the night. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS|elision=sero aut}}
|{{Comment|The phrase "sero aut medio noctis" also appears in the Gospel of Mark, when Christ tells the parable of the faithful servant, who keeps watch because he does not know at what hour his lord will return. This parable is a metaphor for the return of Christ. In using this language, the Waltharius poet reminds his readers that Walther is a Christian, just as he does in lines [[Waltharius215|225]], when Walther blesses the goblet, and in [[Waltharius1130|1161]], when Walther prays to his Creator. -AE}}
|-
|[[Ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[iubes]], [[securus]] [[et]] [[ibo]] [[paratus]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
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|[[In]] [[bellis]] [[nullae]] [[persuadent]] [[cedere]] [[curae]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Nec]] [[nati]] [[aut]] [[coniunx]] [[retrahentque]] [[fugamque]] [[movebunt]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS|elision=nati aut}}
|
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|[[Testor]] [[per]] [[propriam]] [[temet1|temet]], [[pater1|pater]] [[optime]], [[vitam]]
|165
|{{Commentary|''Testor'': here construed like ''precor'' with a purpose clause, joining an oath to an earnest request.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.599-600.: ''per sidera testor,/ per superos atque hoc caeli spirabile lumen,/ tollite me. '' ‘By the stars I beseech you, by the gods above and this lightsome air we breathe, take me.’ 1.555: ''pater optime. . . '' ‘Noble father. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|It is strange that Walther refers to Attila as pater here. However, Attila may mean "little father" in Old Turkic, which was possibly the language of the Huns. For a full discussion of Attila's name, see Otto Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns: Studies in their history and culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), chapter 4. The phrase pater optime also appears in Aeneid 1.555, where it seems to refer to Jupiter. -AE}}
|-
|[[Atque]] [[per]] [[invictam]] [[nunc]] [[gentem]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Nunc'': an ironic touch? (Cf. line 144)
}}
|
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ut1|Ut]] [[non]] [[ulterius1|ulterius]] [[me1|me]] [[cogas]] [[sumere]] [[taedas]].'
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[His]] [[precibus]] [[victus]] [[suasus]] [[rex]] [[deserit]] [[omnes1|omnes]],
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sperans]] [[Waltharium]] [[fugiendo]] [[recedere]] [[numquam]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius123|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** '''Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)'''
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius170|next »]]
|[[Waltharius142English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius123

2009-12-12T01:39:25Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141) */

===Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)===
{|
|-
|[[Ospirin]] [[elapsum]] [[Haganonem]] [[regia]] [[coniunx]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Ospirin'': The queen’s name is not found elsewhere. The Roman historian Jordanes (''Getica'' 49) speaks of Attila’s ''innumerabiles uxores''.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.783: ''illic res laetae regnumque et regia coniunx''. ‘There in store for you are happy days, kingship, and a royal wife.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|hiatus=elapsum Haganonem}}
|{{Comment|Although the historian Jordanes writes of Attila’s “innumerabile uxores,” Ospirin's name does not appear anywhere outside the Waltharius. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Attendens]] [[domino1|domino]] [[suggessit]] [[talia2|talia]] [[dicta]]:
|
|{{Commentary|Two examples of slight semantic drift away from Classical Latin: ''Attendens'': “noticing” (rather than “directing attention towards”) ''Suggessit'': “offered, advised” (rather than “supplied, provided”)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.852: ''talia dicta dabat''. ‘Such words he said.’ 2.6: ''talia fando''. ‘In telling such a tale. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Provideat]] [[caveatque]], [[precor]], [[sollertia]] [[regis]],
|125
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 12.15: ''videte et cavete''. ‘Take heed and beware.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDD}}
|
|-
|[[Ne]] [[vestri]] [[imperii]] [[labatur]] [[forte]] [[columna]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Vestri'': the 2nd person plural to indicate respect in addressing a single person (cf. French ''vous'', German ''Sie'') is not found in Classical authors.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=vestri imperii}}
|{{Comment|Ospirin uses the second person plural when speaking to her husband in this passage, and in line [[Waltharius358|376]]. Walther also uses the second person plural to speak to Attila (lines [[Waltharius142|146]], [[Waltharius287|306]]), and Hildegund uses it for Walther (line [[Waltharius256|257]]). This suggests that the poet is using this formality either because of Attila’s office or because of the woman-to-man relationship. The use of the second person plural to indicate respect for a single person is a feature of Later Latin not found in Classical authors. [AE]
The figure of Walther as columna imperii reappears in line [[Waltharius358|376]] after Walther and Hildegund flee. [AE]}}
|-
|[[hoc6|Hoc]] [[est]], [[Waltharius]] [[vester]] [[discedat]] [[amicus1|amicus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Discedat'': still governed by ''ne''.
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[quo1|quo]] [[magna1|magna]] [[potestatis]] [[vis]] [[extitit]] [[huius]];
|
|{{Commentary|''Potestatis'' equiv. to ''regni''
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nam1|Nam]] [[vereor]], [[ne]] [[fors]] [[fugiens1|fugiens]] [[Haganonem]] [[imitetur]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|elision=Haganonem imitetur}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[meam1|meam]] [[perpendite]] [[nunc]] [[rationem]]:
|130
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[cum1|Cum]] [[primum1|primum]] [[veniat]], [[haec2|haec]] [[illi]] [[dicite]] [[verba]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Servitio]] [[in]] [[nostro]] [[magnos]] [[plerumque]] [[labores]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=servitio in}}
|
|-
|[[Passus eras]] [[ideoque]] [[scias]], [[quod3|quod]] [[gratia]] [[nostra3|nostra]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.421: ''Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores?'' ‘Turnus, will you endure all these labours spent in vain?’ 12.32-33.: ''me casus, quae, Turne, sequantur/ bella, vides, quantos primus patiare labores. '' ‘You see what perils, Turnus, what wars pursue me, what heavy burdens you bear above all.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|falsequantities=extra syllable}}
|
|-
|[[Prae]] [[cunctis]] [[temet1|temet]] [[nimium]] [[dilexit]] [[amicis]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 9.430: ''tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum.'' ‘He but loved his hapless friend too well.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[volo]] [[plus1|plus]] [[factis]] [[te3|te]] [[quam]] [[cognoscere]] [[dictis1|dictis]]:
|135
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Elige]] [[de]] [[satrapis]] [[nuptam]] [[tibi1|tibi]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''De satrapis'' equiv. to ''de filiabus satraparum''; cf. note on line 43.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Iudicum'' 3.3: ''quinque satrapas Philisthinorum''. . . ‘Five princes of the Philistines. . .’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|Satrap has a decidedly negative and foreign connotation in the Vulgate Bible, where it refers to leaders of the Philistines (Judges, I Kings), leaders appointed by Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel), and leaders following the evil Haman (Esther). The banquet (described in [[Waltharius287|line 287 and following]]) that Walther throws for the Huns recalls the banquet that Esther gives for Assuerus and Haman in the Book of Esther. Although Lewis and Short gives a technical and specific definition (“a governor of a province, a viceroy among the Persians”), it is likely that the Waltharius poet uses it in a more general sense, perhaps because of the poetic limitations. Using the word here implicitly compares the Huns to the foreign enemies of the Bible, emphasizing their strangeness. [AE]
Satrapis here refers to Attila's vassals, not to Attila himself (as in line [[Waltharius34|43]]). Attila invites Walther to choose a bride from the satraps of Pannonia, not meaning that Walther should marry one of the vassals, but his bride should come from the vassal class. Kratz's translation here is fairly loose, but captures the meaning well. [AE]}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[non]] [[pauperiem]] [[propriam]] [[perpendere]] [[cures]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Amplificabo]] [[quidem]] [[valde]] [[te]] [[rure]] [[domique1|domique]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Rure domique'': apparently an ablative of means followed by a locative. Probably one should be assimilated to the other in translation; both possibilities yield acceptable sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Genesis'' 17.20: ''et augebo et multiplicabo eum valde''. ‘I will increase him, and multiply him exceedingly.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[qui3|qui]]squam, [[qui3|qui]] [[dat]] [[sponsam1|sponsam]], [[post1|post]] [[facta3|facta]] [[pudebit]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Pudebit'': A personal construction, unusual in Classical Latin, though cf. Plaut. ''Cas''. 5.2.3.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[si]] [[completis]], [[illum2|illum]] [[stabilire]] [[potestis]].'
|140
|{{Commentary|''Stabilire'': the verb is used with human direct objects in the Vulgate Bible in the sense of “to sustain,” but here it probably has its more literal meaning, continuing the metaphor of the ''columna'' from line 126, as Wieland suggests.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Hiezecihel Propheta'' 4.6: ''et cum conpleveris haec. .'' . ‘And when thou hast accomplished this. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Complacuit]] [[sermo]] [[regi1|regi]] [[coepitque]] [[parari]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Psalmi'' 18.15: ''et erunt ut conplaceant eloquia oris mei.'' ‘And the words of my mouth shall be such as may please.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius116|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** '''Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)'''
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius142|next »]]
|[[Waltharius123English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius123

2009-12-12T01:31:18Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141) */

===Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)===
{|
|-
|[[Ospirin]] [[elapsum]] [[Haganonem]] [[regia]] [[coniunx]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Ospirin'': The queen’s name is not found elsewhere. The Roman historian Jordanes (''Getica'' 49) speaks of Attila’s ''innumerabiles uxores''.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.783: ''illic res laetae regnumque et regia coniunx''. ‘There in store for you are happy days, kingship, and a royal wife.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|hiatus=elapsum Haganonem}}
|{{Comment|Although the historian Jordanes writes of Attila’s “innumerabile uxores,” Ospirin's name does not appear anywhere outside the Waltharius. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Attendens]] [[domino1|domino]] [[suggessit]] [[talia2|talia]] [[dicta]]:
|
|{{Commentary|Two examples of slight semantic drift away from Classical Latin: ''Attendens'': “noticing” (rather than “directing attention towards”) ''Suggessit'': “offered, advised” (rather than “supplied, provided”)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.852: ''talia dicta dabat''. ‘Such words he said.’ 2.6: ''talia fando''. ‘In telling such a tale. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Provideat]] [[caveatque]], [[precor]], [[sollertia]] [[regis]],
|125
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 12.15: ''videte et cavete''. ‘Take heed and beware.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDD}}
|
|-
|[[Ne]] [[vestri]] [[imperii]] [[labatur]] [[forte]] [[columna]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Vestri'': the 2nd person plural to indicate respect in addressing a single person (cf. French ''vous'', German ''Sie'') is not found in Classical authors.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=vestri imperii}}
|{{Comment|Ospirin uses the second person plural when speaking to her husband in this passage, and in line [[Waltharius358|376]]. Walther also uses the second person plural to speak to Attila (lines [[Waltharius142|146]], [[Waltharius287|306]]), and Hildegund uses it for Walther (line [[Waltharius256|257]]). This suggests that the poet is using this formality either because of Attila’s office or because of the woman-to-man relationship. The use of the second person plural to indicate respect for a single person is a feature of Later Latin not found in Classical authors. -AE
The figure of Walther as columna imperii reappears in line [[Waltharius358|376]] after Walther and Hildegund flee. -AE}}
|-
|[[hoc6|Hoc]] [[est]], [[Waltharius]] [[vester]] [[discedat]] [[amicus1|amicus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Discedat'': still governed by ''ne''.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[quo1|quo]] [[magna1|magna]] [[potestatis]] [[vis]] [[extitit]] [[huius]];
|
|{{Commentary|''Potestatis'' equiv. to ''regni''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nam1|Nam]] [[vereor]], [[ne]] [[fors]] [[fugiens1|fugiens]] [[Haganonem]] [[imitetur]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|elision=Haganonem imitetur}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[meam1|meam]] [[perpendite]] [[nunc]] [[rationem]]:
|130
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[cum1|Cum]] [[primum1|primum]] [[veniat]], [[haec2|haec]] [[illi]] [[dicite]] [[verba]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Servitio]] [[in]] [[nostro]] [[magnos]] [[plerumque]] [[labores]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=servitio in}}
|
|-
|[[Passus eras]] [[ideoque]] [[scias]], [[quod3|quod]] [[gratia]] [[nostra3|nostra]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.421: ''Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores?'' ‘Turnus, will you endure all these labours spent in vain?’ 12.32-33.: ''me casus, quae, Turne, sequantur/ bella, vides, quantos primus patiare labores. '' ‘You see what perils, Turnus, what wars pursue me, what heavy burdens you bear above all.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|falsequantities=extra syllable}}
|
|-
|[[Prae]] [[cunctis]] [[temet1|temet]] [[nimium]] [[dilexit]] [[amicis]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 9.430: ''tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum.'' ‘He but loved his hapless friend too well.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[volo]] [[plus1|plus]] [[factis]] [[te3|te]] [[quam]] [[cognoscere]] [[dictis1|dictis]]:
|135
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Elige]] [[de]] [[satrapis]] [[nuptam]] [[tibi1|tibi]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''De satrapis'' equiv. to ''de filiabus satraparum''; cf. note on line 43.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Iudicum'' 3.3: ''quinque satrapas Philisthinorum''. . . ‘Five princes of the Philistines. . .’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|Satrap has a decidedly negative and foreign connotation in the Vulgate Bible, where it refers to leaders of the Philistines (Judges, I Kings), leaders appointed by Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel), and leaders following the evil Haman (Esther). The banquet (described in [[Waltharius287|line 287 and following]]) that Walther throws for the Huns recalls the banquet that Esther gives for Assuerus and Haman in the Book of Esther. Although Lewis and Short gives a technical and specific definition (“a governor of a province, a viceroy among the Persians”), it is likely that the Waltharius poet uses it in a more general sense, perhaps because of the poetic limitations. Using the word here implicitly compares the Huns to the foreign enemies of the Bible, emphasizing their strangeness. -AE
Satrapis here refers to Attila's vassals, not to Attila himself (as in line [[Waltharius34|43]]). Attila invites Walther to choose a bride from the satraps of Pannonia, not meaning that Walther should marry one of the vassals, but his bride should come from the vassal class. Kratz's translation here is fairly loose, but captures the meaning well. -AE}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[non]] [[pauperiem]] [[propriam]] [[perpendere]] [[cures]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Amplificabo]] [[quidem]] [[valde]] [[te]] [[rure]] [[domique1|domique]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Rure domique'': apparently an ablative of means followed by a locative. Probably one should be assimilated to the other in translation; both possibilities yield acceptable sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Genesis'' 17.20: ''et augebo et multiplicabo eum valde''. ‘I will increase him, and multiply him exceedingly.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[qui3|qui]]squam, [[qui3|qui]] [[dat]] [[sponsam1|sponsam]], [[post1|post]] [[facta3|facta]] [[pudebit]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Pudebit'': A personal construction, unusual in Classical Latin, though cf. Plaut. ''Cas''. 5.2.3.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|Property rights, Walther's and Hildegund's, what happened to hostages who were heirs, TO DO. -AE}}
|-
|[[Quod]] [[si]] [[completis]], [[illum2|illum]] [[stabilire]] [[potestis]].'
|140
|{{Commentary|''Stabilire'': the verb is used with human direct objects in the Vulgate Bible in the sense of “to sustain,” but here it probably has its more literal meaning, continuing the metaphor of the ''columna'' from line 126, as Wieland suggests.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Hiezecihel Propheta'' 4.6: ''et cum conpleveris haec. .'' . ‘And when thou hast accomplished this. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Complacuit]] [[sermo]] [[regi1|regi]] [[coepitque]] [[parari]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Psalmi'' 18.15: ''et erunt ut conplaceant eloquia oris mei.'' ‘And the words of my mouth shall be such as may please.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius116|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** '''Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)'''
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius142|next »]]
|[[Waltharius123English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius123

2009-12-12T01:30:53Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141) */

===Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)===
{|
|-
|[[Ospirin]] [[elapsum]] [[Haganonem]] [[regia]] [[coniunx]]
|
|{{Commentary|'''Ospirin''': The queen’s name is not found elsewhere. The Roman historian Jordanes (''Getica'' 49) speaks of Attila’s ''innumerabiles uxores''.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 2.783: ''illic res laetae regnumque et regia coniunx''. ‘There in store for you are happy days, kingship, and a royal wife.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|hiatus=elapsum Haganonem}}
|{{Comment|Although the historian Jordanes writes of Attila’s “innumerabile uxores,” Ospirin's name does not appear anywhere outside the Waltharius. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Attendens]] [[domino1|domino]] [[suggessit]] [[talia2|talia]] [[dicta]]:
|
|{{Commentary|Two examples of slight semantic drift away from Classical Latin: ''Attendens'': “noticing” (rather than “directing attention towards”) ''Suggessit'': “offered, advised” (rather than “supplied, provided”)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.852: ''talia dicta dabat''. ‘Such words he said.’ 2.6: ''talia fando''. ‘In telling such a tale. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Provideat]] [[caveatque]], [[precor]], [[sollertia]] [[regis]],
|125
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 12.15: ''videte et cavete''. ‘Take heed and beware.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDD}}
|
|-
|[[Ne]] [[vestri]] [[imperii]] [[labatur]] [[forte]] [[columna]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Vestri'': the 2nd person plural to indicate respect in addressing a single person (cf. French ''vous'', German ''Sie'') is not found in Classical authors.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=vestri imperii}}
|{{Comment|Ospirin uses the second person plural when speaking to her husband in this passage, and in line [[Waltharius358|376]]. Walther also uses the second person plural to speak to Attila (lines [[Waltharius142|146]], [[Waltharius287|306]]), and Hildegund uses it for Walther (line [[Waltharius256|257]]). This suggests that the poet is using this formality either because of Attila’s office or because of the woman-to-man relationship. The use of the second person plural to indicate respect for a single person is a feature of Later Latin not found in Classical authors. -AE
The figure of Walther as columna imperii reappears in line [[Waltharius358|376]] after Walther and Hildegund flee. -AE}}
|-
|[[hoc6|Hoc]] [[est]], [[Waltharius]] [[vester]] [[discedat]] [[amicus1|amicus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Discedat'': still governed by ''ne''.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[quo1|quo]] [[magna1|magna]] [[potestatis]] [[vis]] [[extitit]] [[huius]];
|
|{{Commentary|''Potestatis'' equiv. to ''regni''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nam1|Nam]] [[vereor]], [[ne]] [[fors]] [[fugiens1|fugiens]] [[Haganonem]] [[imitetur]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|elision=Haganonem imitetur}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[meam1|meam]] [[perpendite]] [[nunc]] [[rationem]]:
|130
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[cum1|Cum]] [[primum1|primum]] [[veniat]], [[haec2|haec]] [[illi]] [[dicite]] [[verba]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Servitio]] [[in]] [[nostro]] [[magnos]] [[plerumque]] [[labores]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=servitio in}}
|
|-
|[[Passus eras]] [[ideoque]] [[scias]], [[quod3|quod]] [[gratia]] [[nostra3|nostra]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.421: ''Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores?'' ‘Turnus, will you endure all these labours spent in vain?’ 12.32-33.: ''me casus, quae, Turne, sequantur/ bella, vides, quantos primus patiare labores. '' ‘You see what perils, Turnus, what wars pursue me, what heavy burdens you bear above all.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|falsequantities=extra syllable}}
|
|-
|[[Prae]] [[cunctis]] [[temet1|temet]] [[nimium]] [[dilexit]] [[amicis]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 9.430: ''tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum.'' ‘He but loved his hapless friend too well.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[volo]] [[plus1|plus]] [[factis]] [[te3|te]] [[quam]] [[cognoscere]] [[dictis1|dictis]]:
|135
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Elige]] [[de]] [[satrapis]] [[nuptam]] [[tibi1|tibi]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''De satrapis'' equiv. to ''de filiabus satraparum''; cf. note on line 43.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Iudicum'' 3.3: ''quinque satrapas Philisthinorum''. . . ‘Five princes of the Philistines. . .’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|Satrap has a decidedly negative and foreign connotation in the Vulgate Bible, where it refers to leaders of the Philistines (Judges, I Kings), leaders appointed by Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel), and leaders following the evil Haman (Esther). The banquet (described in [[Waltharius287|line 287 and following]]) that Walther throws for the Huns recalls the banquet that Esther gives for Assuerus and Haman in the Book of Esther. Although Lewis and Short gives a technical and specific definition (“a governor of a province, a viceroy among the Persians”), it is likely that the Waltharius poet uses it in a more general sense, perhaps because of the poetic limitations. Using the word here implicitly compares the Huns to the foreign enemies of the Bible, emphasizing their strangeness. -AE
Satrapis here refers to Attila's vassals, not to Attila himself (as in line [[Waltharius34|43]]). Attila invites Walther to choose a bride from the satraps of Pannonia, not meaning that Walther should marry one of the vassals, but his bride should come from the vassal class. Kratz's translation here is fairly loose, but captures the meaning well. -AE}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[non]] [[pauperiem]] [[propriam]] [[perpendere]] [[cures]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Amplificabo]] [[quidem]] [[valde]] [[te]] [[rure]] [[domique1|domique]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Rure domique'': apparently an ablative of means followed by a locative. Probably one should be assimilated to the other in translation; both possibilities yield acceptable sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Genesis'' 17.20: ''et augebo et multiplicabo eum valde''. ‘I will increase him, and multiply him exceedingly.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[qui3|qui]]squam, [[qui3|qui]] [[dat]] [[sponsam1|sponsam]], [[post1|post]] [[facta3|facta]] [[pudebit]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Pudebit'': A personal construction, unusual in Classical Latin, though cf. Plaut. ''Cas''. 5.2.3.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|Property rights, Walther's and Hildegund's, what happened to hostages who were heirs, TO DO. -AE}}
|-
|[[Quod]] [[si]] [[completis]], [[illum2|illum]] [[stabilire]] [[potestis]].'
|140
|{{Commentary|''Stabilire'': the verb is used with human direct objects in the Vulgate Bible in the sense of “to sustain,” but here it probably has its more literal meaning, continuing the metaphor of the ''columna'' from line 126, as Wieland suggests.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Hiezecihel Propheta'' 4.6: ''et cum conpleveris haec. .'' . ‘And when thou hast accomplished this. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Complacuit]] [[sermo]] [[regi1|regi]] [[coepitque]] [[parari]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Psalmi'' 18.15: ''et erunt ut conplaceant eloquia oris mei.'' ‘And the words of my mouth shall be such as may please.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius116|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** '''Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)'''
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius142|next »]]
|[[Waltharius123English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius123

2009-12-12T01:29:49Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141) */

===Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)===
{|
|-
|[[Ospirin]] [[elapsum]] [[Haganonem]] [[regia]] [[coniunx]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Ospirin'': The queen’s name is not found elsewhere. The Roman historian Jordanes (''Getica'' 49) speaks of Attila’s ''innumerabiles uxores''.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 2.783: ''illic res laetae regnumque et regia coniunx''. ‘There in store for you are happy days, kingship, and a royal wife.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|hiatus=elapsum Haganonem}}
|{{Comment|Although the historian Jordanes writes of Attila’s “innumerabile uxores,” Ospirin's name does not appear anywhere outside the Waltharius. [AE]}}
|-
|[[Attendens]] [[domino1|domino]] [[suggessit]] [[talia2|talia]] [[dicta]]:
|
|{{Commentary|Two examples of slight semantic drift away from Classical Latin: ''Attendens'': “noticing” (rather than “directing attention towards”) ''Suggessit'': “offered, advised” (rather than “supplied, provided”)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.852: ''talia dicta dabat''. ‘Such words he said.’ 2.6: ''talia fando''. ‘In telling such a tale. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Provideat]] [[caveatque]], [[precor]], [[sollertia]] [[regis]],
|125
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 12.15: ''videte et cavete''. ‘Take heed and beware.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDD}}
|
|-
|[[Ne]] [[vestri]] [[imperii]] [[labatur]] [[forte]] [[columna]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Vestri'': the 2nd person plural to indicate respect in addressing a single person (cf. French ''vous'', German ''Sie'') is not found in Classical authors.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=vestri imperii}}
|{{Comment|Ospirin uses the second person plural when speaking to her husband in this passage, and in line [[Waltharius358|376]]. Walther also uses the second person plural to speak to Attila (lines [[Waltharius142|146]], [[Waltharius287|306]]), and Hildegund uses it for Walther (line [[Waltharius256|257]]). This suggests that the poet is using this formality either because of Attila’s office or because of the woman-to-man relationship. The use of the second person plural to indicate respect for a single person is a feature of Later Latin not found in Classical authors. -AE
The figure of Walther as columna imperii reappears in line [[Waltharius358|376]] after Walther and Hildegund flee. -AE}}
|-
|[[hoc6|Hoc]] [[est]], [[Waltharius]] [[vester]] [[discedat]] [[amicus1|amicus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Discedat'': still governed by ''ne''.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[quo1|quo]] [[magna1|magna]] [[potestatis]] [[vis]] [[extitit]] [[huius]];
|
|{{Commentary|''Potestatis'' equiv. to ''regni''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nam1|Nam]] [[vereor]], [[ne]] [[fors]] [[fugiens1|fugiens]] [[Haganonem]] [[imitetur]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|elision=Haganonem imitetur}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[meam1|meam]] [[perpendite]] [[nunc]] [[rationem]]:
|130
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[cum1|Cum]] [[primum1|primum]] [[veniat]], [[haec2|haec]] [[illi]] [[dicite]] [[verba]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Servitio]] [[in]] [[nostro]] [[magnos]] [[plerumque]] [[labores]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=servitio in}}
|
|-
|[[Passus eras]] [[ideoque]] [[scias]], [[quod3|quod]] [[gratia]] [[nostra3|nostra]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.421: ''Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores?'' ‘Turnus, will you endure all these labours spent in vain?’ 12.32-33.: ''me casus, quae, Turne, sequantur/ bella, vides, quantos primus patiare labores. '' ‘You see what perils, Turnus, what wars pursue me, what heavy burdens you bear above all.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|falsequantities=extra syllable}}
|
|-
|[[Prae]] [[cunctis]] [[temet1|temet]] [[nimium]] [[dilexit]] [[amicis]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 9.430: ''tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum.'' ‘He but loved his hapless friend too well.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[volo]] [[plus1|plus]] [[factis]] [[te3|te]] [[quam]] [[cognoscere]] [[dictis1|dictis]]:
|135
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Elige]] [[de]] [[satrapis]] [[nuptam]] [[tibi1|tibi]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''De satrapis'' equiv. to ''de filiabus satraparum''; cf. note on line 43.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Iudicum'' 3.3: ''quinque satrapas Philisthinorum''. . . ‘Five princes of the Philistines. . .’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|Satrap has a decidedly negative and foreign connotation in the Vulgate Bible, where it refers to leaders of the Philistines (Judges, I Kings), leaders appointed by Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel), and leaders following the evil Haman (Esther). The banquet (described in [[Waltharius287|line 287 and following]]) that Walther throws for the Huns recalls the banquet that Esther gives for Assuerus and Haman in the Book of Esther. Although Lewis and Short gives a technical and specific definition (“a governor of a province, a viceroy among the Persians”), it is likely that the Waltharius poet uses it in a more general sense, perhaps because of the poetic limitations. Using the word here implicitly compares the Huns to the foreign enemies of the Bible, emphasizing their strangeness. -AE
Satrapis here refers to Attila's vassals, not to Attila himself (as in line [[Waltharius34|43]]). Attila invites Walther to choose a bride from the satraps of Pannonia, not meaning that Walther should marry one of the vassals, but his bride should come from the vassal class. Kratz's translation here is fairly loose, but captures the meaning well. -AE}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[non]] [[pauperiem]] [[propriam]] [[perpendere]] [[cures]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Amplificabo]] [[quidem]] [[valde]] [[te]] [[rure]] [[domique1|domique]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Rure domique'': apparently an ablative of means followed by a locative. Probably one should be assimilated to the other in translation; both possibilities yield acceptable sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Genesis'' 17.20: ''et augebo et multiplicabo eum valde''. ‘I will increase him, and multiply him exceedingly.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[qui3|qui]]squam, [[qui3|qui]] [[dat]] [[sponsam1|sponsam]], [[post1|post]] [[facta3|facta]] [[pudebit]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Pudebit'': A personal construction, unusual in Classical Latin, though cf. Plaut. ''Cas''. 5.2.3.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|Property rights, Walther's and Hildegund's, what happened to hostages who were heirs, TO DO. -AE}}
|-
|[[Quod]] [[si]] [[completis]], [[illum2|illum]] [[stabilire]] [[potestis]].'
|140
|{{Commentary|''Stabilire'': the verb is used with human direct objects in the Vulgate Bible in the sense of “to sustain,” but here it probably has its more literal meaning, continuing the metaphor of the ''columna'' from line 126, as Wieland suggests.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Hiezecihel Propheta'' 4.6: ''et cum conpleveris haec. .'' . ‘And when thou hast accomplished this. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Complacuit]] [[sermo]] [[regi1|regi]] [[coepitque]] [[parari]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Psalmi'' 18.15: ''et erunt ut conplaceant eloquia oris mei.'' ‘And the words of my mouth shall be such as may please.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius116|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** '''Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)'''
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius142|next »]]
|[[Waltharius123English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius215

2009-12-12T01:25:47Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) */

===Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)===
{|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[palatini]] [[decurrunt]] [[arce]] [[ministri]]
|215
|{{Commentary|''Palatini'': “palace servants”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 481: ''ecce Palatinus. . .minister. . . '' ‘See the servant of the palace. . .’ ''Aeneid'' 2.41: ''Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce''. ‘Laocoon in hot haste runs down from the citadel’s height.’ 11.490: ''fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce.'' ‘He shone with gold as he ran down from the fortress height.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Illius]] [[aspectu]] [[hilares]] [[equitemque]] [[tenebant]],
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|{{Commentary|''Illius'' equiv. to ''Waltharii'', objective genitive. ''Equitem'' equiv. to ''equum''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|hiatus=aspectu hilares|falsequantities=illius}}
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|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vir]] [[sella]] [[descenderet]] [[inclitus]] [[alta]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[bene]] [[res]] [[vergant]], [[tum]] [[demum]] [[forte]] [[requirunt]].
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|{{Commentary|''Si…vergant'': indirect question
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[ille3|Ille]] [[aliquid]] [[modicum]] [[narrans]] [[intraverat]] [[aulam]],
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|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 4.2: ''non enim erat licitum indutum sacco aulam regis intrare.'' ‘For no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king’s court.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=ille aliquid}}
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|[[lassus]] [[enim1|enim]] [[fuerat]]), [[regisque]] [[cubile]] [[petebat]].
|220
|{{Commentary|''Cubile equiv. to cubiculum''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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|[[Illic]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[offendit]] [[residentem]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=solam offendit}}
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|[[Cui]] [[post]] [[amplexus]] [[atque]] [[oscula]] [[dulcia]] [[dixit]]:
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.687: ''cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet. . .'' ‘When she takes you to her bosom, embraces you and imprints sweet kisses. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS|elision=atque oscula}}
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|[[ocius]] [[huc]] [[potum]] [[ferto]], [[quia]] [[fessus]] [[anhelo]].'
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|{{Commentary|''Ocius'': as often in the ''Waltharius'', an adverb’s comparative form is used without any real comparative sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|Statius ''Thebaid'' 11.7-8.: ''Phlegrae ceu fessus anhelet/ proelia. . . '' ‘As though he were breathless and weary after Phlegra’s fight. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[illa2|Illa]] [[mero]] [[tallum]] [[complevit]] [[mox]] [[pretiosum]]
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|{{Commentary|''Tallum'': “cup, goblet” – a Germanism.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 1.729: ''implevitque mero pateram''. ‘She filled the cup with wine.’ ''Liber II Macchabeorum'' 14.4: ''. . .offerens ei. . .tallos qui templi esse videbantur.'' ‘. . .Offering to him. . .boughs which seemed to belong to the temple.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-224.png
File:Waltharius-Line-224_1.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The trope of a woman offering drink or other reward for military service to the hero is common to both Classical and Germanic traditions. In Aeneid 1.729, Dido offers Aeneas wine. The word used there is implevit, which is echoed in the Waltharius by complevit. This theme is also present in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf. After killing Grendel, Beowulf receives a necklace and a byrnie from Wealtheow, Hrothgar’s wife (l. 1215-1220). Before the contest with Grendel, Wealtheow offers Beowulf drink (l. 623-625), on his homecoming, Queen Hygd, the wife of Hygelac, also distributes mead (l. 1980-1983), and Beowulf also talks of Freawaru, Hrothgar’s daughter, distributing mead. Coincidently, Freawaru marries Ingeld, of whom Alcuin wrote to a bishop named Speratus, scolding him for listening to songs and stories of pagan heros, writing “What has Ingeld to do with Christ?” -AE}}
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|[[Porrexitque]] [[viro]], [[qui3|qui]] [[signans]] [[accipiebat]]
|225
|{{Commentary|''Signans'': “making the sign of the Cross” before partaking of the drink.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 8.274: ''pocula porgite dextris.'' ‘Stretch forth the cup in your hands.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|{{Comment|It seems that signans must be translated as Kratz does: “…gave it to the man, who, as he took it, crossed / himself, and pressed the maiden’s hand with his….” This translation is overtly Christian, but it is difficult to make sense of the passage otherwise. One way this could look would be that Hildegund offered Walther the filled cup, and he held it and her hand, while blessing the cup with his other hand. Du Cange’s Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis gives the Christian definition as the most common one and traces its use back to Tertullian, so it would likely have carried that connotation to a ninth- or tenth- century author or audience, especially if that audience were monastic. -AE}}
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|[[Virgineamque]] [[manum]] [[propria1|propria]] [[constrinxit]]. [[at]] [[illa2|illa]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|It would be interesting if the last two words of this line (at illa) were intended as a pun on Attila’s name. It seems unlikely for several reasons. If the line were translated with Attila instead of at illa, it would leave Attila to “stand there, silent, staring at [his] master’s face,” which does not make sense, even in a joking way. The phrase also appears later in the poem once Attila is gone (l. [[Waltharius640|673]]). -AE}}
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|[[Astitit]] [[et]] [[vultum]] r[[et]]icens [[intendit]] [[herilem]],
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|[[Walthariusque]] [[bibens]] [[vacuum]] [[vas]] [[porrigit]] [[olli]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.254: ''olli subridens. . . '' ‘Smiling on her. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[ambo1|Ambo]] [[etenim]] [[norant]] [[de]] [[se2|se]] [[sponsalia]] [[facta1|facta]] --
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=ambo etenim}}
|{{Comment|This is one of the few hints given to the chronology of the first part of the poem. We know that when the hostages were taken, Gunther was too young to leave his mother, and we know that the three children are essentially adults by the time they leave (Hildegund is old enough to serve as quartermistress, and the boys have become warriors), and here we learn that Hildegund and Walther were both old enough when they were taken that they remember they are betrothed. Of course, it is also possible that Hagen or another captive knew of the betrothal and told them. -AE}}
|-
|[[Provocat]] [[et]] [[tali1|tali]] [[caram]] [[sermone]] [[puellam]]:
|230
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[exilium]] [[pariter]] [[patimur]] [[iam]] [[tempore]] [[tanto1|tanto]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.638: ''exsiliumque pati. . .'' ‘to suffer exile. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|The theme of exile is also common to both Classical and Germanic poems. In Anglo-Saxon, the elegies The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and The Wife’s Lament each recount sad stories of exile. In the Aeneid, the phrase exsilium pati appears, describing what Aeneas’s father will not do (l. 2.638). Additionally, as Walther and Hildegund go into exile for the sake of their earthly fathers, and Hagen does so for the sake of his earthly lord, religious figures of their period underwent exile or wandering for the sake of God. -AE}}
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|[[Non]] [[ignorantes]], [[quid5|quid]] [[nostri1|nostri]] [[forte]] [[parentes]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Inter]] [[se4|se]] [[nostra]] [[de]] [[re]] [[fecere]] [[futura]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Quamne]] [[diu]] [[tacito]] [[premimus]] [[haec2|haec]] [[ipsa]] [[palato]]?'
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.103: ''non ipse suo premit ore Latinus.'' ‘Latinus keeps not shut within his own lips.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Virgo]] [[per]] [[hyroniam]] [[meditans]] [[hoc4|hoc]] [[dicere]] [[sponsum]]
|235
|{{Commentary|''Per hyroniam'': “ironically,” i.e., insincerely, to tease her.
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|This passage, particularly the word hyroniam in line 235, forms the heart of many scholars’ arguments about irony in the poem. It is clear from this passage that the poet understands the phenomenon of irony, and that he uses it for humorous effect, at least in this instance. However, it is not clear from this passage whether the poet meant anything more than entertainment, let alone the Christian conversion message which Parkes argues the irony encodes (“Irony in Waltharius”). This passage is funny because the betrothed misunderstand each other, not because the poet somehow subverts pagan values. Indeed, Walther is not even being ironic. Hildegund only thinks he is. MORE HERE. SPELLING IDENTICAL IN CHRONICON. IS THIS NOT MISUNDERSTANDING BUT RATHER JOKING TOGETHER? THOMSEN CHAPTER IN BECOMING MALE IN THE MIDDLE AGES. ISIDORE. LITERALLY SAYING THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT YOU MEAN. DILWYN KNOX BOOK ON IRONY. SERVIUS ON THE AENEID, DOES HE MENTION IRONY, AND ESPECIALLY DOES HE WRT DIDO? YES. LOOK THERE. -AE}}
|-
|[[Paulum]] [[conticuit]], [[sed1|sed]] [[postea]] [[talia2|talia]] [[reddit]]:
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.323; 10.530: ''talia reddit. '' ‘He answers thus.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
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|[[quid5|Quid]] [[lingua]] [[simulas]], [[quod]] [[ab]] [[imo]] [[pectore]] [[damnas]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 6.55: ''pectore ab imo.'' . . ‘From his inmost heart. . .’ 11.840: ''imo pectore.''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Oreque]] [[persuades]], [[toto1|toto]] [[quod]] [[corde]] [[refutas]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Sit]] [[veluti]] [[talem]] [[pudor]] [[ingens1|ingens]] [[ducere]] [[nuptam]]?'
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|{{Commentary|''Sit veluti…pudor'': “As if it were a disgrace to…!”
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Vir]] [[sapiens]] [[contra1|contra]] [[respondit]] [[et]] [[intulit]] [[ista3|ista]]:
|240
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[absit]] [[quod]] [[memoras]]! [[dextrorsum]] [[porrige1|porrige]] [[sensum]]!
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|{{Commentary|''Porrige'' equiv. to ''dirige'' ''Dextrosrum'': i.e., to what is favorable/correct.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.109: ''quod memoras''. . . ‘What you say. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[Noris]] [[me1|me]] [[nihilum]] [[simulata]] [[me1|me]]nte [[locutum]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.105: ''sensit enim simulata mente locutam.'' ‘For she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|This line closely parallels line 4.105 of the Aeneid ("sensit enim simulata mente locutam"), but in the Aeneid, Venus has actually been fraudulent, whereas Walther here pleads that he was not. [AE]}}
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|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[nebulae]] [[vel]] [[falsi]] [[interfore]] [[crede]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=falsi interfore}}
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|[[nullus2|Nullus]] [[adest]] [[nobis]] [[exceptis]] [[namque]] [[duobus]]:
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[nossem]] [[temet]] [[mihi]] [[promptam]] [[impendere]] [[mentem]]
|245
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promptam impendere}}
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|[[Atque]] [[fidem]] [[votis]] [[servare]] [[per]] [[omnia]] [[cautis]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[Pandere]] [[cuncta]] [[tibi]] [[cordis]] [[mysteria]] [[vellem]].'
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[Tandem]] [[virgo]] [[viri]] [[genibus]] [[curvata]] [[profatur1|profatur]]:
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[vocas]], [[mi]] [[domne]], [[sequar]] [[studiose]]
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|{{Commentary|''Domne equiv. to Domine''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 4.114: ''perge, sequar.'' ‘Go on; I will follow.’ ''Eclogue ''3.49:'' veniam quocumque vocaris.'' ‘Wherever you challenge me, I’ll be there.’ ''Aeneid'' 5.22-23.: ''sequamur,/ quoque vocat, vertamus iter.'' ‘Let us follow, and turn our course whither she calls.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
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|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[placitis]] [[malim]] [[praeponere]] [[iussis]].'
|250
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[ille1|Ille]] [[dehinc]]: '[[piget]] [[exilii]] [[me1|me]] [[denique]] [[nostri]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[patriae]] [[fines]] [[reminiscor]] [[saepe]] [[relictos]]
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|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 1.3: ''nos patriae finis et dulcia linquimus arva.'' ‘We are leaving our country’s bounds and sweet fields.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Idcircoque]] [[fugam]] [[cupio]] [[celerare]] [[latentem]].
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.357: ''tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet.'' ‘Then he bids her take speedy flight.’ 3.666:'' nos procul inde fugam. . .celerare.'' ‘We speed our flight far from there.’ 9.378: ''celerare fugam.''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
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|[[Quod]] [[iam]] [[prae]] [[multis1|multis]] [[potuissem]] [[forte]] [[diebus]],
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|{{Commentary|''Prae multis…diebus'': “many days ago.” Classical authors use ''prae'' + abl. to mean “before” only in a spatial sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.342: ''forte diebus''. . .'' '' ‘In those days, as it chanced. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[non]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[remanere]] [[dolerem]].'
|255
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius170|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** '''Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)'''
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
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|[[Waltharius256|next »]]
|[[Waltharius215English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius170

2009-12-12T01:11:32Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214) */

===Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)===
{|
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|[[Venerat]] [[interea1|interea]] [[satrapae]] [[certissima]] [[fama]]
|170
|{{Commentary|''Satrapae'' equiv. to ''Attilae''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Quandam]], [[quae4|quae]] [[nuper]] [[superata]], [[resistere]] [[gentem]]
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|{{Commentary|''Quandam…gentem'': since the sudden rebellion is merely a crude plot device, the precise identity of the people is unimportant.
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
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|[[bellum]] [[Hunis1|Hunis]] [[confestim]] [[inferre]] [[paratam]].
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|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=confestim inferre|hiatus=bellum Hunis}}
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|[[Tunc]] [[ad]] [[Waltharium]] [[convertitur]] [[actio]] [[rerum]].
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|{{Commentary|''Action rerum'': “the leadership of the expedition”
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
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|[[qui3|Qui]] [[mox]] [[militiam]] [[percensuit]] [[ordine]] [[totam]]
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|[[Et]] [[bellatorum]] [[confortat]] [[corda]] [[suorum]],
|175
|{{Commentary|''Confortat'' equiv. to ''confirmat''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Regum II'' 11.25: ''conforta bellatores.'' ‘Encourage thy warriors.’ ''Liber Genesis'' 18.5: ''confortate cor vestrum.'' ‘Strengthen ye your heart.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The language here recalls passages from Genesis ("confortate cor vestrum," 18:5) and II Kings ("conforta bellatores," 11.25). In the Genesis passage, Abraham is speaking to visiting angels. The passage from II Kings is King David sending a message to his nephew Joab after the death of Uriah the Hittite. -AE}}
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|[[Hortans]] [[praeteritos]] [[semper]] [[memorare]] [[triumphos]]
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|[[Promittensque]] [[istos]] [[solita]] [[virtute]] [[tyrannos]]
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|{{Commentary|''Tyrannos'' equiv. to ''rebelles'' (here)
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 155-156.: '' ‘vicimus,’ inquit,/ ‘exultans Vitium solita virtute.’ '' ‘ “We have overcome,” he said, “a proud Vice with our wonted virtue.” ’ ''Aeneid'' 11.415: ''quamquam o si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset! '' ‘If only we had any of our wonted valour!’'' ''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promittensque istos}}
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|[[Sternere]] [[et]] [[externis]] [[terrorem]] [[imponere]] [[terris]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=sternere et; terrorem imponere}}
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|[[Nec]] [[mora]], [[consurgit]] [[sequiturque]] [[exercitus]] [[omnis1|omnis]].
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.597-598.: ''At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat,/ Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis/ compositi numero in turmas''. ‘But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted array, marshalled by number into squadrons.’
 ''Liber Iosue'' 8.3: ''surrexit Iosue et omnis exercitus bellatorum cum eo''. ‘And Josue arose, and all the army of the fighting men with him.’ ''Aeineid'' 2.415: ''exercitus omnis. . .'' ‘The whole host. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=sequiturque exercitus}}
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|[[Ecce]] [[locum]] [[pugnae]] [[conspexerat]] [[et]] [[numeratam]]
|180
|{{Commentary|The description of the battle that follows reworks a scene from the ''Aeneid'' (11.597 ff.) while attempting some limited level of verisimilitude in its depiction of medieval warfare. The warriors fight on horseback (a practice adopted by the Franks in Carolingian times), first with arrows and javelins from afar (the practice of the Hungarian Avars), and then in hand-to-hand combat with swords (not found in the scene from the ''Aeneid'').
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.597-598.: ''At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat,/ Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis/ compositi numero in turmas''. ‘But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted array, marshalled by number into squadrons.’
 ''Aeneid'' 11.599: ''compositi numero in turmas''. . . ‘Marshalled by number into squadrons. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|{{Comment|Abram Ring suggests that the frequent use of “ecce” and “en,” which would be unusual in Classical Latin, may be borrowing from Prudentius. Alternately, he writes, it might translate an interjection from the Germanic tradition, similar to the Anglo-Saxon “hwæt.” -AE
The battle here is reminiscent of the battles in the Aeneid (like that at 11.597), but some features distinguish it as medieval. For instance, they fight on horseback, which is a Carolingian innovation. -AE}}
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|[[Per]] [[latos]] [[aciem]] [[campos]] [[digessit]] [[et]] [[agros]].
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.599: ''compositi numero in turmas''. . . ‘Marshalled by number into squadrons. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 10.407-408.: ''extenditur una/ horrida per latos acies Volcania campos''. ‘Vulcan’s bristling battleline spreads unbroken over the broad fields.’ 11.601-602.: ''tum late ferreus hastis/ horret ager campique armis sublimibus ardent.'' ‘Far and wide the field bristles with the steel of spears, and the plains are ablaze with raised weapons.’
}}
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|[[Iamque]] [[infra]] [[iactum]] [[teli]] [[congressus]] [[uterque]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.608-609.: ''iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque/ substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore.'' ‘And now in its advance each army had halted within a spear cast of the other; with a sudden shout they dash forth.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=iamque in}}
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|[[Constiterat]] [[cuneus]]: [[tunc]] [[undique]] [[clamor]] [[ad]] [[auras]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.608-609.: ''iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque/ substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore.'' ‘And now in its advance each army had halted within a spear cast of the other; with a sudden shout they dash forth.’
 ''Aeneid'' 9.566-567. ''undique clamor/ tollitur''. ‘On all sides a shout goes up.’ 2.699: ''se tollit ad auras. '' ‘He raises himself to the airs.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[Tollitur]], [[horrendam]] [[confundunt]] [[classica]] [[vocem]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.566-567. ''undique clamor/ tollitur''. ‘On all sides a shout goes up.’ 2.699: ''se tollit ad auras. '' ‘He raises himself to the airs.’
 ''Aeneid'' 7.637: ''classica iamque sonant''. ‘And now the clarion sounds.’ 9.731-732.: ''arma/ horrendum sonuere.'' ‘His armour rang terribly.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[Continuoque]] [[hastae]] [[volitant]] [[hinc]] [[indeque1|indeque]] [[densae]].
|185
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''continuo''. . . ‘At once. . .’ 11.610-611.: ''fundunt simul undique tela/ crebra nivis ritu''. ‘Together from all sides they shower weapons as thick as snowflakes.’ 12.408-409.: ''spicula castris/ densa cadunt mediis''. ‘Shafts fall thick in the middle of the camp.’ ''Georgics'' 2.142: ''galeis densisque virum seges horruit hastis''. ‘The fields bristled with the helms and serried lances of warriors.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=H-ELISION: continuoque hastae}}
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|[[Fraxinus]] [[et]] [[cornus]] [[ludum]] [[miscebat]] [[in]] [[unum]],
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|{{Commentary|''Fraxinus et cornus'': by metonymy, the wooden spears.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.698: ''volat Itala cornus''. ‘The Italian cornel shaft flies.’ 12.267: ''sonitum dat stridula cornus''. ‘The whistling cornel shaft sings.’ 12.714: ''fors et virtus miscentur in unum.'' ‘Chance and valour blend in one.’
}}
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|[[Fulminis]] [[inque]] [[modum]] [[cuspis]] [[vibrata]] [[micabat]].
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|{{Commentary|''In modum'' equiv. to ''instar''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.615-616.: ''excussus Aconteus/ fulminis in morem''. . .''praecipitat longe''. ‘Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’
}}
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|[[Ac]] [[veluti]] [[boreae]] [[sub]] [[tempore]] [[nix]] [[glomerata]]
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|{{Comment|The metaphor here suggests that both the poet and his expected audience were familiar with snow. Indeed, it suggests that they had experienced snowstorms, not simply seen snow on faraway mountaintops. In contrast, the only appearance of snow in the Aeneid is in line 4.238. Mercury is flying to Carthage, and on the way there he sees Atlas, whose shoulders are snow-covered. -AE}}
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|[[Spargitur]], [[haud]] [[aliter]] [[saevas]] [[iecere]] [[sagittas]].
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|[[postremum1|Postremum]] [[cunctis1|cunctis]] [[utroque]] [[ex]] [[agmine]] [[pilis]]
|190
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=utroque ex}}
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|[[absumptis1|Absumptis]] [[manus]] [[ad]] [[mucronem]] [[vertitur]] [[omnis]]:
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|{{Parallel|Prudentius'' Psychomachia'' 137: ''vertitur ad capulum manus''. ‘Her ruthless hand turned to her sword-hilt.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[Fulmineos]] [[promunt]] [[enses]] [[clipeosque]] [[revolvunt]],
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|{{Commentary|''Clipeosque revolvunt'': variously explained. The warriors are either throwing back their shields or taking them up again having already done so, in preparation for combat (cf. ''restaurant'' in the following line).
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.579-580.: ''vaginaque eripit ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘He snatches his flashing sword from its sheath.’ 9.441-442.: ''instat non setius ac rotat ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘Onward none the less he presses, whirling his lightning blade.’
}}
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|[[Concurrunt]] [[acies1|acies]] [[demum]] [[pugnamque]] [[restaurant]].
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’
}}
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|[[Pectoribus]] [[partim]] [[rumpuntur]] [[pectora1|pectora]] [[equorum]],
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|{{Commentary|The thought of this line parallels that of the next: some of both the horses and the men were killed merely by being crushed against one another while armed in the stampede of battle.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=pectora equorum}}
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|[[Sternitur]] [[et]] [[quaedam]] [[pars]] [[duro]] [[umbone]] [[virorum]].
|195
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|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 255-256.: ''hostem humilem cupiens inpulsu umbonis equini/ sternere. . .'' ‘Eager to upset her lowly enemy with the shock of her horse-hide shield. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=duro umbone}}
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|[[Waltharius]] [[tamen]] [[in]] [[medio1|medio]] [[furit]] [[agmine]] [[bello]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 11.762: ''qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo''. . . ‘Wherever the maiden rides among the ranks in her fury. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-196.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
</gallery>}}
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|[[Obvia]] [[quaeque1|quaeque]] [[metens]] [[armis]] [[ac]] [[limite]] [[pergens]].
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 11.762: ''qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo''. . . ‘Wherever the maiden rides among the ranks in her fury. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 10.513-514.: ''proxima quaeque metit gladio latumque per agmen/ ardens limitem agit ferro''. . . ‘With the sword he mows down all the nearest ranks, and fiercely drives a broad path through the host with the steel. . .’
}}
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|[[hunc2|Hunc]] [[ubi]] [[conspiciunt]] [[hostes1|hostes]] [[tantas]] [[dare]] [[strages]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.783-784.: ''unus homo et vestris, o cives, undique saeptus/ aggeribus tantas strages. . .ediderit? '' ‘My countrymen, shall one man, hemmed in on every side by your ramparts, deal such carnage?’ ''Georgics ''3.246-247.: ''nec funera vulgo/ tam multa informes ursi stragemque dedere''. ‘Never does the shapeless bear spread death and havoc so widely.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[Ac]] [[si]] [[praesentem]] [[metuebant]] [[cernere]] [[mortem]],
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|{{Commentary|''Ac si'': qualifying ''praesentem'', not beginning a clause.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.91: ''praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.'' ‘All forebodes the sailors’ instant death.’
}}
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|[[Et]] [[quemcunque]] [[locum]], [[seu]] [[dextram]] [[sive]] [[sinistram]],
|200
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.563: ''laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit''. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[Waltharius]] [[peteret]], [[cuncti1|cuncti]] [[mox]] [[terga]] [[dederunt]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.563: ''laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit''. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’
 ''Aeneid'' 9.686: ''agminibus totis qut versi terga dedere.'' ‘With all their columns [they] are routed and turn to flight.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[versis]] [[scutis]] [[laxisque]] [[feruntur]] [[habenis]].
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|{{Commentary|''Versis scutis'': they put their shields on their backs to protect them as they flee.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.686: ''agminibus totis qut versi terga dedere.'' ‘With all their columns [they] are routed and turn to flight.’
 ''Aeneid'' 11.618-619.:'' versique Latini/ reiciunt parmas''. ‘The routed Latins cast their shields behind them.’ 11.623: ''hi fugiunt penitusque datis referuntur habenis'' ‘The others flee, and retreat far off with loosened rein.’ ''Georgics'' 2.364: ''palmes agit laxis per purum immisus habenis. . .'' ‘The shoot, speeding through the void with loosened reins. . .’ ''Aeneid'' 1.62-63.: ''qui foedere certo/ et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.'' ‘Who, under fixed covenant, should be skilled to tighten and loosen the reins at command.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[Tunc]] [[imitata]] [[ducem]] [[gens]] [[maxima]] [[Pannoniarum]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.758-759.: '' ducis exemplum eventumque secuti/ Maeonidae incurrunt. '' ‘Following their chief’s example and success, Maeonia’s sons attack.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-196.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
File:Europe500.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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|[[Saevior]] [[insurgit]] [[caedemque]] [[audacior]] [[auget]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 12.902: ''altior insurgens.'' . . ‘Rising to his height. . .’ Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 31: ''altior insurgens.''
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=caedemque audacior}}
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|[[Deicit]] [[obstantes]], [[fugientes]] [[proterit]] [[usque]],
|205
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|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' Praefatio 28: ''pellit fugatos, sauciatos proterit. '' ‘[He] drives off in flight those proud kings. . .or cuts them down.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[dum1|Dum]] [[caperet]] [[plenum]] [[belli]] [[sub]] [[sorte]] [[triumphum]].
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|{{Commentary|''Belli sub sorte'': “in the outcome of the battle”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 474: ''belli sub sorte''. . . ‘By the luck of war. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[Tum]] [[super1|super]] [[occisos]] [[ruit]] [[et]] [[spoliaverat]] [[omnes1|omnes]].
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|[[Et]] [[tandem]] [[ductor]] [[recavo]] [[vocat]] [[agmina]] [[cornu]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 7.513-514.: ''cornuque recurvo/ Tartaream intendit vocem. '' ‘On the twisted horn [she] strains her hellish voice.’ 3.239: '' dat signum specula Misenus ab alta/ aere cavo. '' ‘Misenus on his hollow brass gave the signal from his watch aloft.’ Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 422: ''recavo misceret labra palato''. ‘[She] beats the lips into the arched mouth.’ ''Aeneid'' 7.508: ''vocat agmina Tyrrhus''. ‘Tyrrhus summons his bands.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
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|[[Ac]] [[primus1|primus]] [[frontem]] [[festa]] [[cum2|cum]] [[fronde]] [[revinxit]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.71-72.: '' ‘. . .cingite tempora ramis.’/ Sic fatus velat materna tempora myrto./ hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes/ hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. '' ‘ “. . .Weathe your brows with leaves.” So speaking, he crowns his brows with his mother’s myrtle. Thus does Helymus, thus Acestes, ripe of years, thus the boy Ascanius, the rest of the youth following.’ 7.614: ''sequitur tum cetera pubes''. ‘Then the rest of the warriors take up the cry.’ 4.459: ''velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum. . .'' ‘Wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Victrici]] [[lauro]] [[cingens]] [[sua1|sua]] [[timpora]] [[vulgo]],
|210
|{{Commentary|''Timpora'' equiv. to ''tempora''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.71-72.: '' ‘. . .cingite tempora ramis.’/ Sic fatus velat materna tempora myrto./ hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes/ hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. '' ‘ “. . .Weathe your brows with leaves.” So speaking, he crowns his brows with his mother’s myrtle. Thus does Helymus, thus Acestes, ripe of years, thus the boy Ascanius, the rest of the youth following.’ 7.614: ''sequitur tum cetera pubes''. ‘Then the rest of the warriors take up the cry.’ 4.459: ''velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum. . .'' ‘Wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 5.539: ''cingit viridanti tempora lauro.'' ‘He binds his brows with green laurel.’ Virgil, ''Eclogue'' 8.12-13.: ''hanc sine tempora circum/ inter victricis hederam tibi serpere lauros.'' ‘Grant that, amid the conqueror’s laurels, this ivy may creep about your brows.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The laurels mentioned here are likely a Classical reference, rather than a literal reward. The bay laurel, from which laurel wreaths are typically made, is a Mediterranean plant, and it would have a hard time surviving in most of modern-day Germany. Even then, the plant (or its leaves) would have had to be imported. Since it is unlikely that the laurels would have been practical, this is likely just another example of the Waltharius poet drawing on Classical tropes. -AE}}
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|[[post1|Post]] [[hunc2|hunc]] [[signiferi]], [[sequitur]] [[quos]] [[cetera]] [[pubes]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Iamque]] [[triumphali]] [[redierunt]] [[stemmate1|stemmate]] [[compti]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[patriam]] [[ingressi]] [[propria]] [[se5|se]] [[quisque1|quisque]] [[locavit]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=patriam ingressi}}
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|[[sed1|Sed]]e, [[sed1|sed]] [[ad]] [[solium1|solium]] [[mox]] [[Waltharius]] [[properavit]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius142|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** '''Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)'''
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius215|next »]]
|[[Waltharius170English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius215

2009-12-12T01:02:38Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) */

===Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)===
{|
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|[[Ecce]] [[palatini]] [[decurrunt]] [[arce]] [[ministri]]
|215
|{{Commentary|''Palatini'': “palace servants”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 481: ''ecce Palatinus. . .minister. . . '' ‘See the servant of the palace. . .’ ''Aeneid'' 2.41: ''Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce''. ‘Laocoon in hot haste runs down from the citadel’s height.’ 11.490: ''fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce.'' ‘He shone with gold as he ran down from the fortress height.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Illius]] [[aspectu]] [[hilares]] [[equitemque]] [[tenebant]],
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|{{Commentary|''Illius'' equiv. to ''Waltharii'', objective genitive. ''Equitem'' equiv. to ''equum''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|hiatus=aspectu hilares|falsequantities=illius}}
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|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vir]] [[sella]] [[descenderet]] [[inclitus]] [[alta]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[bene]] [[res]] [[vergant]], [[tum]] [[demum]] [[forte]] [[requirunt]].
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|{{Commentary|''Si…vergant'': indirect question
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[ille3|Ille]] [[aliquid]] [[modicum]] [[narrans]] [[intraverat]] [[aulam]],
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|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 4.2: ''non enim erat licitum indutum sacco aulam regis intrare.'' ‘For no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king’s court.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=ille aliquid}}
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|[[lassus]] [[enim1|enim]] [[fuerat]]), [[regisque]] [[cubile]] [[petebat]].
|220
|{{Commentary|''Cubile equiv. to cubiculum''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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|[[Illic]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[offendit]] [[residentem]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=solam offendit}}
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|[[Cui]] [[post]] [[amplexus]] [[atque]] [[oscula]] [[dulcia]] [[dixit]]:
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.687: ''cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet. . .'' ‘When she takes you to her bosom, embraces you and imprints sweet kisses. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS|elision=atque oscula}}
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|[[ocius]] [[huc]] [[potum]] [[ferto]], [[quia]] [[fessus]] [[anhelo]].'
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|{{Commentary|''Ocius'': as often in the ''Waltharius'', an adverb’s comparative form is used without any real comparative sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|Statius ''Thebaid'' 11.7-8.: ''Phlegrae ceu fessus anhelet/ proelia. . . '' ‘As though he were breathless and weary after Phlegra’s fight. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[illa2|Illa]] [[mero]] [[tallum]] [[complevit]] [[mox]] [[pretiosum]]
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|{{Commentary|''Tallum'': “cup, goblet” – a Germanism.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 1.729: ''implevitque mero pateram''. ‘She filled the cup with wine.’ ''Liber II Macchabeorum'' 14.4: ''. . .offerens ei. . .tallos qui templi esse videbantur.'' ‘. . .Offering to him. . .boughs which seemed to belong to the temple.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-224.png
File:Waltharius-Line-224_1.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The trope of a woman offering drink or other reward for military service to the hero is common to both Classical and Germanic traditions. In Aeneid 1.729, Dido offers Aeneas wine. The word used there is implevit, which is echoed in the Waltharius by complevit. This theme is also present in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf. After killing Grendel, Beowulf receives a necklace and a byrnie from Wealtheow, Hrothgar’s wife (l. 1215-1220). Before the contest with Grendel, Wealtheow offers Beowulf drink (l. 623-625), on his homecoming, Queen Hygd, the wife of Hygelac, also distributes mead (l. 1980-1983), and Beowulf also talks of Freawaru, Hrothgar’s daughter, distributing mead. Coincidently, Freawaru marries Ingeld, of whom Alcuin wrote to a bishop named Speratus, scolding him for listening to songs and stories of pagan heros, writing “What has Ingeld to do with Christ?” -AE}}
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|[[Porrexitque]] [[viro]], [[qui3|qui]] [[signans]] [[accipiebat]]
|225
|{{Commentary|''Signans'': “making the sign of the Cross” before partaking of the drink.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 8.274: ''pocula porgite dextris.'' ‘Stretch forth the cup in your hands.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|{{Comment|It seems that signans must be translated as Kratz does: “…gave it to the man, who, as he took it, crossed / himself, and pressed the maiden’s hand with his….” This translation is overtly Christian, but it is difficult to make sense of the passage otherwise. One way this could look would be that Hildegund offered Walther the filled cup, and he held it and her hand, while blessing the cup with his other hand. Du Cange’s Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis gives the Christian definition as the most common one and traces its use back to Tertullian, so it would likely have carried that connotation to a ninth- or tenth- century author or audience, especially if that audience were monastic. -AE}}
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|[[Virgineamque]] [[manum]] [[propria1|propria]] [[constrinxit]]. [[at]] [[illa2|illa]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|It would be interesting if the last two words of this line (at illa) were intended as a pun on Attila’s name. It seems unlikely for several reasons. If the line were translated with Attila instead of at illa, it would leave Attila to “stand there, silent, staring at [his] master’s face,” which does not make sense, even in a joking way. The phrase also appears later in the poem once Attila is gone (l. [[Waltharius640|673]]). -AE}}
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|[[Astitit]] [[et]] [[vultum]] r[[et]]icens [[intendit]] [[herilem]],
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|[[Walthariusque]] [[bibens]] [[vacuum]] [[vas]] [[porrigit]] [[olli]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.254: ''olli subridens. . . '' ‘Smiling on her. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[ambo1|Ambo]] [[etenim]] [[norant]] [[de]] [[se2|se]] [[sponsalia]] [[facta1|facta]] --
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=ambo etenim}}
|{{Comment|This is one of the few hints given to the chronology of the first part of the poem. We know that when the hostages were taken, Gunther was too young to leave his mother, and we know that the three children are essentially adults by the time they leave (Hildegund is old enough to serve as quartermistress, and the boys have become warriors), and here we learn that Hildegund and Walther were both old enough when they were taken that they remember they are betrothed. Of course, it is also possible that Hagen or another captive knew of the betrothal and told them. -AE}}
|-
|[[Provocat]] [[et]] [[tali1|tali]] [[caram]] [[sermone]] [[puellam]]:
|230
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[exilium]] [[pariter]] [[patimur]] [[iam]] [[tempore]] [[tanto1|tanto]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.638: ''exsiliumque pati. . .'' ‘to suffer exile. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|The theme of exile is also common to both Classical and Germanic poems. In Anglo-Saxon, the elegies The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and The Wife’s Lament each recount sad stories of exile. In the Aeneid, the phrase exsilium pati appears, describing what Aeneas’s father will not do (l. 2.638). Additionally, as Walther and Hildegund go into exile for the sake of their earthly fathers, and Hagen does so for the sake of his earthly lord, religious figures of their period underwent exile or wandering for the sake of God. -AE}}
|-
|[[Non]] [[ignorantes]], [[quid5|quid]] [[nostri1|nostri]] [[forte]] [[parentes]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Inter]] [[se4|se]] [[nostra]] [[de]] [[re]] [[fecere]] [[futura]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Quamne]] [[diu]] [[tacito]] [[premimus]] [[haec2|haec]] [[ipsa]] [[palato]]?'
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.103: ''non ipse suo premit ore Latinus.'' ‘Latinus keeps not shut within his own lips.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Virgo]] [[per]] [[hyroniam]] [[meditans]] [[hoc4|hoc]] [[dicere]] [[sponsum]]
|235
|{{Commentary|''Per hyroniam'': “ironically,” i.e., insincerely, to tease her.
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|This passage, particularly the word hyroniam in line 235, forms the heart of many scholars’ arguments about irony in the poem. It is clear from this passage that the poet understands the phenomenon of irony, and that he uses it for humorous effect, at least in this instance. However, it is not clear from this passage whether the poet meant anything more than entertainment, let alone the Christian conversion message which Parkes argues the irony encodes (“Irony in Waltharius”). This passage is funny because the betrothed misunderstand each other, not because the poet somehow subverts pagan values. Indeed, Walther is not even being ironic. Hildegund only thinks he is. MORE HERE. SPELLING IDENTICAL IN CHRONICON. IS THIS NOT MISUNDERSTANDING BUT RATHER JOKING TOGETHER? THOMSEN CHAPTER IN BECOMING MALE IN THE MIDDLE AGES. ISIDORE. LITERALLY SAYING THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT YOU MEAN. DILWYN KNOX BOOK ON IRONY. SERVIUS ON THE AENEID, DOES HE MENTION IRONY, AND ESPECIALLY DOES HE WRT DIDO? YES. LOOK THERE. -AE}}
|-
|[[Paulum]] [[conticuit]], [[sed1|sed]] [[postea]] [[talia2|talia]] [[reddit]]:
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.323; 10.530: ''talia reddit. '' ‘He answers thus.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
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|[[quid5|Quid]] [[lingua]] [[simulas]], [[quod]] [[ab]] [[imo]] [[pectore]] [[damnas]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 6.55: ''pectore ab imo.'' . . ‘From his inmost heart. . .’ 11.840: ''imo pectore.''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Oreque]] [[persuades]], [[toto1|toto]] [[quod]] [[corde]] [[refutas]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Sit]] [[veluti]] [[talem]] [[pudor]] [[ingens1|ingens]] [[ducere]] [[nuptam]]?'
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|{{Commentary|''Sit veluti…pudor'': “As if it were a disgrace to…!”
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Vir]] [[sapiens]] [[contra1|contra]] [[respondit]] [[et]] [[intulit]] [[ista3|ista]]:
|240
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[absit]] [[quod]] [[memoras]]! [[dextrorsum]] [[porrige1|porrige]] [[sensum]]!
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|{{Commentary|''Porrige'' equiv. to ''dirige'' ''Dextrosrum'': i.e., to what is favorable/correct.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.109: ''quod memoras''. . . ‘What you say. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[Noris]] [[me1|me]] [[nihilum]] [[simulata]] [[me1|me]]nte [[locutum]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.105: ''sensit enim simulata mente locutam.'' ‘For she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[nebulae]] [[vel]] [[falsi]] [[interfore]] [[crede]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=falsi interfore}}
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|[[nullus2|Nullus]] [[adest]] [[nobis]] [[exceptis]] [[namque]] [[duobus]]:
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[nossem]] [[temet]] [[mihi]] [[promptam]] [[impendere]] [[mentem]]
|245
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promptam impendere}}
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|[[Atque]] [[fidem]] [[votis]] [[servare]] [[per]] [[omnia]] [[cautis]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[Pandere]] [[cuncta]] [[tibi]] [[cordis]] [[mysteria]] [[vellem]].'
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[Tandem]] [[virgo]] [[viri]] [[genibus]] [[curvata]] [[profatur1|profatur]]:
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[vocas]], [[mi]] [[domne]], [[sequar]] [[studiose]]
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|{{Commentary|''Domne equiv. to Domine''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 4.114: ''perge, sequar.'' ‘Go on; I will follow.’ ''Eclogue ''3.49:'' veniam quocumque vocaris.'' ‘Wherever you challenge me, I’ll be there.’ ''Aeneid'' 5.22-23.: ''sequamur,/ quoque vocat, vertamus iter.'' ‘Let us follow, and turn our course whither she calls.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
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|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[placitis]] [[malim]] [[praeponere]] [[iussis]].'
|250
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[ille1|Ille]] [[dehinc]]: '[[piget]] [[exilii]] [[me1|me]] [[denique]] [[nostri]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[patriae]] [[fines]] [[reminiscor]] [[saepe]] [[relictos]]
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|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 1.3: ''nos patriae finis et dulcia linquimus arva.'' ‘We are leaving our country’s bounds and sweet fields.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Idcircoque]] [[fugam]] [[cupio]] [[celerare]] [[latentem]].
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.357: ''tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet.'' ‘Then he bids her take speedy flight.’ 3.666:'' nos procul inde fugam. . .celerare.'' ‘We speed our flight far from there.’ 9.378: ''celerare fugam.''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
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|[[Quod]] [[iam]] [[prae]] [[multis1|multis]] [[potuissem]] [[forte]] [[diebus]],
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|{{Commentary|''Prae multis…diebus'': “many days ago.” Classical authors use ''prae'' + abl. to mean “before” only in a spatial sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.342: ''forte diebus''. . .'' '' ‘In those days, as it chanced. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[non]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[remanere]] [[dolerem]].'
|255
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius170|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** '''Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)'''
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius256|next »]]
|[[Waltharius215English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius215

2009-12-12T01:01:06Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) */

===Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)===
{|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[palatini]] [[decurrunt]] [[arce]] [[ministri]]
|215
|{{Commentary|''Palatini'': “palace servants”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 481: ''ecce Palatinus. . .minister. . . '' ‘See the servant of the palace. . .’ ''Aeineid'' 2.41: ''Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce''. ‘Laocoon in hot haste runs down from the citadel’s height.’ 11.490: ''fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce.'' ‘He shone with gold as he ran down from the fortress height.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Illius]] [[aspectu]] [[hilares]] [[equitemque]] [[tenebant]],
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|{{Commentary|''Illius'' equiv. to ''Waltharii'', objective genitive. ''Equitem'' equiv. to ''equum''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|hiatus=aspectu hilares|falsequantities=illius}}
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|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vir]] [[sella]] [[descenderet]] [[inclitus]] [[alta]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[bene]] [[res]] [[vergant]], [[tum]] [[demum]] [[forte]] [[requirunt]].
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|{{Commentary|''Si…vergant'': indirect question
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[ille3|Ille]] [[aliquid]] [[modicum]] [[narrans]] [[intraverat]] [[aulam]],
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|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 4.2: ''non enim erat licitum indutum sacco aulam regis intrare.'' ‘For no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king’s court.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=ille aliquid}}
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|[[lassus]] [[enim1|enim]] [[fuerat]]), [[regisque]] [[cubile]] [[petebat]].
|220
|{{Commentary|''Cubile equiv. to cubiculum''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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|[[Illic]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[offendit]] [[residentem]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=solam offendit}}
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|[[Cui]] [[post]] [[amplexus]] [[atque]] [[oscula]] [[dulcia]] [[dixit]]:
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.687: ''cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet. . .'' ‘When she takes you to her bosom, embraces you and imprints sweet kisses. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS|elision=atque oscula}}
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|[[ocius]] [[huc]] [[potum]] [[ferto]], [[quia]] [[fessus]] [[anhelo]].'
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|{{Commentary|''Ocius'': as often in the ''Waltharius'', an adverb’s comparative form is used without any real comparative sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|Statius ''Thebaid'' 11.7-8.: ''Phlegrae ceu fessus anhelet/ proelia. . . '' ‘As though he were breathless and weary after Phlegra’s fight. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[illa2|Illa]] [[mero]] [[tallum]] [[complevit]] [[mox]] [[pretiosum]]
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|{{Commentary|''Tallum'': “cup, goblet” – a Germanism.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 1.729: ''implevitque mero pateram''. ‘She filled the cup with wine.’ ''Liber II Macchabeorum'' 14.4: ''. . .offerens ei. . .tallos qui templi esse videbantur.'' ‘. . .Offering to him. . .boughs which seemed to belong to the temple.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-224.png
File:Waltharius-Line-224_1.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The trope of a woman offering drink or other reward for military service to the hero is common to both Classical and Germanic traditions. In Aeneid 1.729, Dido offers Aeneas wine. The word used there is implevit, which is echoed in the Waltharius by complevit. This theme is also present in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf. After killing Grendel, Beowulf receives a necklace and a byrnie from Wealtheow, Hrothgar’s wife (l. 1215-1220). Before the contest with Grendel, Wealtheow offers Beowulf drink (l. 623-625), on his homecoming, Queen Hygd, the wife of Hygelac, also distributes mead (l. 1980-1983), and Beowulf also talks of Freawaru, Hrothgar’s daughter, distributing mead. Coincidently, Freawaru marries Ingeld, of whom Alcuin wrote to a bishop named Speratus, scolding him for listening to songs and stories of pagan heros, writing “What has Ingeld to do with Christ?” -AE}}
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|[[Porrexitque]] [[viro]], [[qui3|qui]] [[signans]] [[accipiebat]]
|225
|{{Commentary|''Signans'': “making the sign of the Cross” before partaking of the drink.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 8.274: ''pocula porgite dextris.'' ‘Stretch forth the cup in your hands.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|{{Comment|It seems that signans must be translated as Kratz does: “…gave it to the man, who, as he took it, crossed / himself, and pressed the maiden’s hand with his….” This translation is overtly Christian, but it is difficult to make sense of the passage otherwise. One way this could look would be that Hildegund offered Walther the filled cup, and he held it and her hand, while blessing the cup with his other hand. Du Cange’s Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis gives the Christian definition as the most common one and traces its use back to Tertullian, so it would likely have carried that connotation to a ninth- or tenth- century author or audience, especially if that audience were monastic. -AE}}
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|[[Virgineamque]] [[manum]] [[propria1|propria]] [[constrinxit]]. [[at]] [[illa2|illa]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|It would be interesting if the last two words of this line (at illa) were intended as a pun on Attila’s name. It seems unlikely for several reasons. If the line were translated with Attila instead of at illa, it would leave Attila to “stand there, silent, staring at [his] master’s face,” which does not make sense, even in a joking way. The phrase also appears later in the poem once Attila is gone (l. [[Waltharius640|673]]). -AE}}
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|[[Astitit]] [[et]] [[vultum]] r[[et]]icens [[intendit]] [[herilem]],
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|[[Walthariusque]] [[bibens]] [[vacuum]] [[vas]] [[porrigit]] [[olli]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.254: ''olli subridens. . . '' ‘Smiling on her. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[ambo1|Ambo]] [[etenim]] [[norant]] [[de]] [[se2|se]] [[sponsalia]] [[facta1|facta]] --
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=ambo etenim}}
|{{Comment|This is one of the few hints given to the chronology of the first part of the poem. We know that when the hostages were taken, Gunther was too young to leave his mother, and we know that the three children are essentially adults by the time they leave (Hildegund is old enough to serve as quartermistress, and the boys have become warriors), and here we learn that Hildegund and Walther were both old enough when they were taken that they remember they are betrothed. -AE}}
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|[[Provocat]] [[et]] [[tali1|tali]] [[caram]] [[sermone]] [[puellam]]:
|230
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[exilium]] [[pariter]] [[patimur]] [[iam]] [[tempore]] [[tanto1|tanto]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.638: ''exsiliumque pati. . .'' ‘to suffer exile. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|The theme of exile is also common to both Classical and Germanic poems. In Anglo-Saxon, the elegies The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and The Wife’s Lament each recount sad stories of exile. In the Aeneid, the phrase exsilium pati appears, describing what Aeneas’s father will not do (l. 2.638). Additionally, as Walther and Hildegund go into exile for the sake of their earthly fathers, and Hagen does so for the sake of his earthly lord, religious figures of their period underwent exile or wandering for the sake of God. -AE}}
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|[[Non]] [[ignorantes]], [[quid5|quid]] [[nostri1|nostri]] [[forte]] [[parentes]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Inter]] [[se4|se]] [[nostra]] [[de]] [[re]] [[fecere]] [[futura]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Quamne]] [[diu]] [[tacito]] [[premimus]] [[haec2|haec]] [[ipsa]] [[palato]]?'
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.103: ''non ipse suo premit ore Latinus.'' ‘Latinus keeps not shut within his own lips.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Virgo]] [[per]] [[hyroniam]] [[meditans]] [[hoc4|hoc]] [[dicere]] [[sponsum]]
|235
|{{Commentary|''Per hyroniam'': “ironically,” i.e., insincerely, to tease her.
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|This passage, particularly the word hyroniam in line 235, forms the heart of many scholars’ arguments about irony in the poem. It is clear from this passage that the poet understands the phenomenon of irony, and that he uses it for humorous effect, at least in this instance. However, it is not clear from this passage whether the poet meant anything more than entertainment, let alone the Christian conversion message which Parkes argues the irony encodes (“Irony in Waltharius”). This passage is funny because the betrothed misunderstand each other, not because the poet somehow subverts pagan values. Indeed, Walther is not even being ironic. Hildegund only thinks he is. MORE HERE. SPELLING IDENTICAL IN CHRONICON. IS THIS NOT MISUNDERSTANDING BUT RATHER JOKING TOGETHER? THOMSEN CHAPTER IN BECOMING MALE IN THE MIDDLE AGES. ISIDORE. LITERALLY SAYING THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT YOU MEAN. DILWYN KNOX BOOK ON IRONY. SERVIUS ON THE AENEID, DOES HE MENTION IRONY, AND ESPECIALLY DOES HE WRT DIDO? YES. LOOK THERE. -AE}}
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|[[Paulum]] [[conticuit]], [[sed1|sed]] [[postea]] [[talia2|talia]] [[reddit]]:
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.323; 10.530: ''talia reddit. '' ‘He answers thus.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
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|[[quid5|Quid]] [[lingua]] [[simulas]], [[quod]] [[ab]] [[imo]] [[pectore]] [[damnas]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 6.55: ''pectore ab imo.'' . . ‘From his inmost heart. . .’ 11.840: ''imo pectore.''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Oreque]] [[persuades]], [[toto1|toto]] [[quod]] [[corde]] [[refutas]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Sit]] [[veluti]] [[talem]] [[pudor]] [[ingens1|ingens]] [[ducere]] [[nuptam]]?'
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|{{Commentary|''Sit veluti…pudor'': “As if it were a disgrace to…!”
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Vir]] [[sapiens]] [[contra1|contra]] [[respondit]] [[et]] [[intulit]] [[ista3|ista]]:
|240
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[absit]] [[quod]] [[memoras]]! [[dextrorsum]] [[porrige1|porrige]] [[sensum]]!
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|{{Commentary|''Porrige'' equiv. to ''dirige'' ''Dextrosrum'': i.e., to what is favorable/correct.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.109: ''quod memoras''. . . ‘What you say. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[Noris]] [[me1|me]] [[nihilum]] [[simulata]] [[me1|me]]nte [[locutum]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.105: ''sensit enim simulata mente locutam.'' ‘For she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[nebulae]] [[vel]] [[falsi]] [[interfore]] [[crede]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=falsi interfore}}
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|[[nullus2|Nullus]] [[adest]] [[nobis]] [[exceptis]] [[namque]] [[duobus]]:
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[nossem]] [[temet]] [[mihi]] [[promptam]] [[impendere]] [[mentem]]
|245
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promptam impendere}}
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|[[Atque]] [[fidem]] [[votis]] [[servare]] [[per]] [[omnia]] [[cautis]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[Pandere]] [[cuncta]] [[tibi]] [[cordis]] [[mysteria]] [[vellem]].'
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[Tandem]] [[virgo]] [[viri]] [[genibus]] [[curvata]] [[profatur1|profatur]]:
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[vocas]], [[mi]] [[domne]], [[sequar]] [[studiose]]
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|{{Commentary|''Domne equiv. to Domine''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 4.114: ''perge, sequar.'' ‘Go on; I will follow.’ ''Eclogue ''3.49:'' veniam quocumque vocaris.'' ‘Wherever you challenge me, I’ll be there.’ ''Aeneid'' 5.22-23.: ''sequamur,/ quoque vocat, vertamus iter.'' ‘Let us follow, and turn our course whither she calls.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
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|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[placitis]] [[malim]] [[praeponere]] [[iussis]].'
|250
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[ille1|Ille]] [[dehinc]]: '[[piget]] [[exilii]] [[me1|me]] [[denique]] [[nostri]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[patriae]] [[fines]] [[reminiscor]] [[saepe]] [[relictos]]
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|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 1.3: ''nos patriae finis et dulcia linquimus arva.'' ‘We are leaving our country’s bounds and sweet fields.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Idcircoque]] [[fugam]] [[cupio]] [[celerare]] [[latentem]].
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.357: ''tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet.'' ‘Then he bids her take speedy flight.’ 3.666:'' nos procul inde fugam. . .celerare.'' ‘We speed our flight far from there.’ 9.378: ''celerare fugam.''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
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|[[Quod]] [[iam]] [[prae]] [[multis1|multis]] [[potuissem]] [[forte]] [[diebus]],
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|{{Commentary|''Prae multis…diebus'': “many days ago.” Classical authors use ''prae'' + abl. to mean “before” only in a spatial sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.342: ''forte diebus''. . .'' '' ‘In those days, as it chanced. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[non]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[remanere]] [[dolerem]].'
|255
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius170|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** '''Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)'''
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius256|next »]]
|[[Waltharius215English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius215

2009-12-12T01:00:26Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) */

===Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)===
{|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[palatini]] [[decurrunt]] [[arce]] [[ministri]]
|215
|{{Commentary|''Palatini'': “palace servants”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 481: ''ecce Palatinus. . .minister. . . '' ‘See the servant of the palace. . .’ ''Aeineid'' 2.41: ''Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce''. ‘Laocoon in hot haste runs down from the citadel’s height.’ 11.490: ''fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce.'' ‘He shone with gold as he ran down from the fortress height.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illius]] [[aspectu]] [[hilares]] [[equitemque]] [[tenebant]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Illius'' equiv. to ''Waltharii'', objective genitive. ''Equitem'' equiv. to ''equum''
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|hiatus=aspectu hilares|falsequantities=illius}}
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|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vir]] [[sella]] [[descenderet]] [[inclitus]] [[alta]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[bene]] [[res]] [[vergant]], [[tum]] [[demum]] [[forte]] [[requirunt]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Si…vergant'': indirect question
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
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|[[ille3|Ille]] [[aliquid]] [[modicum]] [[narrans]] [[intraverat]] [[aulam]],
|
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|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 4.2: ''non enim erat licitum indutum sacco aulam regis intrare.'' ‘For no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king’s court.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=ille aliquid}}
|
|-
|[[lassus]] [[enim1|enim]] [[fuerat]]), [[regisque]] [[cubile]] [[petebat]].
|220
|{{Commentary|''Cubile equiv. to cubiculum''
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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|[[Illic]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[offendit]] [[residentem]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=solam offendit}}
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|[[Cui]] [[post]] [[amplexus]] [[atque]] [[oscula]] [[dulcia]] [[dixit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.687: ''cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet. . .'' ‘When she takes you to her bosom, embraces you and imprints sweet kisses. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS|elision=atque oscula}}
|
|-
|[[ocius]] [[huc]] [[potum]] [[ferto]], [[quia]] [[fessus]] [[anhelo]].'
|
|{{Commentary|''Ocius'': as often in the ''Waltharius'', an adverb’s comparative form is used without any real comparative sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|Statius ''Thebaid'' 11.7-8.: ''Phlegrae ceu fessus anhelet/ proelia. . . '' ‘As though he were breathless and weary after Phlegra’s fight. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
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|[[illa2|Illa]] [[mero]] [[tallum]] [[complevit]] [[mox]] [[pretiosum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Tallum'': “cup, goblet” – a Germanism.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 1.729: ''implevitque mero pateram''. ‘She filled the cup with wine.’ ''Liber II Macchabeorum'' 14.4: ''. . .offerens ei. . .tallos qui templi esse videbantur.'' ‘. . .Offering to him. . .boughs which seemed to belong to the temple.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-224.png
File:Waltharius-Line-224_1.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The trope of a woman offering drink or other reward for military service to the hero is common to both Classical and Germanic traditions. In Aeneid 1.729, Dido offers Aeneas wine. The word used there is implevit, which is echoed in the Waltharius by complevit. This theme is also present in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf. After killing Grendel, Beowulf receives a necklace and a byrnie from Wealtheow, Hrothgar’s wife (l. 1215-1220). Before the contest with Grendel, Wealtheow offers Beowulf drink (l. 623-625), on his homecoming, Queen Hygd, the wife of Hygelac, also distributes mead (l. 1980-1983), and Beowulf also talks of Freawaru, Hrothgar’s daughter, distributing mead. Coincidently, Freawaru marries Ingeld, of whom Alcuin wrote to a bishop named Speratus, scolding him for listening to songs and stories of pagan heros, writing “What has Ingeld to do with Christ?” -AE}}
|-
|[[Porrexitque]] [[viro]], [[qui3|qui]] [[signans]] [[accipiebat]]
|225
|{{Commentary|''Signans'': “making the sign of the Cross” before partaking of the drink.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 8.274: ''pocula porgite dextris.'' ‘Stretch forth the cup in your hands.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|{{Comment|It seems that signans must be translated as Kratz does: “…gave it to the man, who, as he took it, crossed / himself, and pressed the maiden’s hand with his….” This translation is overtly Christian, but it is difficult to make sense of the passage otherwise. One way this could look would be that Hildegund offered Walther the filled cup, and he held it and her hand, while blessing the cup with his other hand. Du Cange’s Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis gives the Christian definition as the first one and traces its use back to Tertullian, so it would likely have carried that connotation to a ninth- or tenth- century author or audience, especially if that audience were monastic. -AE}}
|-
|[[Virgineamque]] [[manum]] [[propria1|propria]] [[constrinxit]]. [[at]] [[illa2|illa]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|It would be interesting if the last two words of this line (at illa) were intended as a pun on Attila’s name. It seems unlikely for several reasons. If the line were translated with Attila instead of at illa, it would leave Attila to “stand there, silent, staring at [his] master’s face,” which does not make sense, even in a joking way. The phrase also appears later in the poem once Attila is gone (l. [[Waltharius640|673]]). -AE}}
|-
|[[Astitit]] [[et]] [[vultum]] r[[et]]icens [[intendit]] [[herilem]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Walthariusque]] [[bibens]] [[vacuum]] [[vas]] [[porrigit]] [[olli]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.254: ''olli subridens. . . '' ‘Smiling on her. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[ambo1|Ambo]] [[etenim]] [[norant]] [[de]] [[se2|se]] [[sponsalia]] [[facta1|facta]] --
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=ambo etenim}}
|{{Comment|This is one of the few hints given to the chronology of the first part of the poem. We know that when the hostages were taken, Gunther was too young to leave his mother, and we know that the three children are essentially adults by the time they leave (Hildegund is old enough to serve as quartermistress, and the boys have become warriors), and here we learn that Hildegund and Walther were both old enough when they were taken that they remember they are betrothed. -AE}}
|-
|[[Provocat]] [[et]] [[tali1|tali]] [[caram]] [[sermone]] [[puellam]]:
|230
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
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|[[exilium]] [[pariter]] [[patimur]] [[iam]] [[tempore]] [[tanto1|tanto]],
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.638: ''exsiliumque pati. . .'' ‘to suffer exile. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|The theme of exile is also common to both Classical and Germanic poems. In Anglo-Saxon, the elegies The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and The Wife’s Lament each recount sad stories of exile. In the Aeneid, the phrase exsilium pati appears, describing what Aeneas’s father will not do (l. 2.638). Additionally, as Walther and Hildegund go into exile for the sake of their earthly fathers, and Hagen does so for the sake of his earthly lord, religious figures of their period underwent exile or wandering for the sake of God. -AE}}
|-
|[[Non]] [[ignorantes]], [[quid5|quid]] [[nostri1|nostri]] [[forte]] [[parentes]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Inter]] [[se4|se]] [[nostra]] [[de]] [[re]] [[fecere]] [[futura]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Quamne]] [[diu]] [[tacito]] [[premimus]] [[haec2|haec]] [[ipsa]] [[palato]]?'
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.103: ''non ipse suo premit ore Latinus.'' ‘Latinus keeps not shut within his own lips.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Virgo]] [[per]] [[hyroniam]] [[meditans]] [[hoc4|hoc]] [[dicere]] [[sponsum]]
|235
|{{Commentary|''Per hyroniam'': “ironically,” i.e., insincerely, to tease her.
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|This passage, particularly the word hyroniam in line 235, forms the heart of many scholars’ arguments about irony in the poem. It is clear from this passage that the poet understands the phenomenon of irony, and that he uses it for humorous effect, at least in this instance. However, it is not clear from this passage whether the poet meant anything more than entertainment, let alone the Christian conversion message which Parkes argues the irony encodes (“Irony in Waltharius”). This passage is funny because the betrothed misunderstand each other, not because the poet somehow subverts pagan values. Indeed, Walther is not even being ironic. Hildegund only thinks he is. MORE HERE. SPELLING IDENTICAL IN CHRONICON. IS THIS NOT MISUNDERSTANDING BUT RATHER JOKING TOGETHER? THOMSEN CHAPTER IN BECOMING MALE IN THE MIDDLE AGES. ISIDORE. LITERALLY SAYING THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT YOU MEAN. DILWYN KNOX BOOK ON IRONY. SERVIUS ON THE AENEID, DOES HE MENTION IRONY, AND ESPECIALLY DOES HE WRT DIDO? YES. LOOK THERE. -AE}}
|-
|[[Paulum]] [[conticuit]], [[sed1|sed]] [[postea]] [[talia2|talia]] [[reddit]]:
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.323; 10.530: ''talia reddit. '' ‘He answers thus.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
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|[[quid5|Quid]] [[lingua]] [[simulas]], [[quod]] [[ab]] [[imo]] [[pectore]] [[damnas]],
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 6.55: ''pectore ab imo.'' . . ‘From his inmost heart. . .’ 11.840: ''imo pectore.''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Oreque]] [[persuades]], [[toto1|toto]] [[quod]] [[corde]] [[refutas]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Sit]] [[veluti]] [[talem]] [[pudor]] [[ingens1|ingens]] [[ducere]] [[nuptam]]?'
|
|{{Commentary|''Sit veluti…pudor'': “As if it were a disgrace to…!”
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Vir]] [[sapiens]] [[contra1|contra]] [[respondit]] [[et]] [[intulit]] [[ista3|ista]]:
|240
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[absit]] [[quod]] [[memoras]]! [[dextrorsum]] [[porrige1|porrige]] [[sensum]]!
|
|{{Commentary|''Porrige'' equiv. to ''dirige'' ''Dextrosrum'': i.e., to what is favorable/correct.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.109: ''quod memoras''. . . ‘What you say. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[Noris]] [[me1|me]] [[nihilum]] [[simulata]] [[me1|me]]nte [[locutum]]
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.105: ''sensit enim simulata mente locutam.'' ‘For she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[nebulae]] [[vel]] [[falsi]] [[interfore]] [[crede]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=falsi interfore}}
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|[[nullus2|Nullus]] [[adest]] [[nobis]] [[exceptis]] [[namque]] [[duobus]]:
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[nossem]] [[temet]] [[mihi]] [[promptam]] [[impendere]] [[mentem]]
|245
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promptam impendere}}
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|[[Atque]] [[fidem]] [[votis]] [[servare]] [[per]] [[omnia]] [[cautis]],
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[Pandere]] [[cuncta]] [[tibi]] [[cordis]] [[mysteria]] [[vellem]].'
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[Tandem]] [[virgo]] [[viri]] [[genibus]] [[curvata]] [[profatur1|profatur]]:
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[vocas]], [[mi]] [[domne]], [[sequar]] [[studiose]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Domne equiv. to Domine''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 4.114: ''perge, sequar.'' ‘Go on; I will follow.’ ''Eclogue ''3.49:'' veniam quocumque vocaris.'' ‘Wherever you challenge me, I’ll be there.’ ''Aeneid'' 5.22-23.: ''sequamur,/ quoque vocat, vertamus iter.'' ‘Let us follow, and turn our course whither she calls.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[placitis]] [[malim]] [[praeponere]] [[iussis]].'
|250
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[ille1|Ille]] [[dehinc]]: '[[piget]] [[exilii]] [[me1|me]] [[denique]] [[nostri]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[patriae]] [[fines]] [[reminiscor]] [[saepe]] [[relictos]]
|
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|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 1.3: ''nos patriae finis et dulcia linquimus arva.'' ‘We are leaving our country’s bounds and sweet fields.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[fugam]] [[cupio]] [[celerare]] [[latentem]].
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.357: ''tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet.'' ‘Then he bids her take speedy flight.’ 3.666:'' nos procul inde fugam. . .celerare.'' ‘We speed our flight far from there.’ 9.378: ''celerare fugam.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[iam]] [[prae]] [[multis1|multis]] [[potuissem]] [[forte]] [[diebus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Prae multis…diebus'': “many days ago.” Classical authors use ''prae'' + abl. to mean “before” only in a spatial sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.342: ''forte diebus''. . .'' '' ‘In those days, as it chanced. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[non]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[remanere]] [[dolerem]].'
|255
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius170|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** '''Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)'''
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius256|next »]]
|[[Waltharius215English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius215

2009-12-12T00:53:15Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) */

===Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)===
{|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[palatini]] [[decurrunt]] [[arce]] [[ministri]]
|215
|{{Commentary|''Palatini'': “palace servants”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 481: ''ecce Palatinus. . .minister. . . '' ‘See the servant of the palace. . .’ ''Aeineid'' 2.41: ''Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce''. ‘Laocoon in hot haste runs down from the citadel’s height.’ 11.490: ''fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce.'' ‘He shone with gold as he ran down from the fortress height.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illius]] [[aspectu]] [[hilares]] [[equitemque]] [[tenebant]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Illius'' equiv. to ''Waltharii'', objective genitive. ''Equitem'' equiv. to ''equum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|hiatus=aspectu hilares|falsequantities=illius}}
|
|-
|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vir]] [[sella]] [[descenderet]] [[inclitus]] [[alta]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[bene]] [[res]] [[vergant]], [[tum]] [[demum]] [[forte]] [[requirunt]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Si…vergant'': indirect question
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ille3|Ille]] [[aliquid]] [[modicum]] [[narrans]] [[intraverat]] [[aulam]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 4.2: ''non enim erat licitum indutum sacco aulam regis intrare.'' ‘For no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king’s court.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=ille aliquid}}
|
|-
|[[lassus]] [[enim1|enim]] [[fuerat]]), [[regisque]] [[cubile]] [[petebat]].
|220
|{{Commentary|''Cubile equiv. to cubiculum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illic]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[offendit]] [[residentem]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=solam offendit}}
|
|-
|[[Cui]] [[post]] [[amplexus]] [[atque]] [[oscula]] [[dulcia]] [[dixit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.687: ''cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet. . .'' ‘When she takes you to her bosom, embraces you and imprints sweet kisses. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS|elision=atque oscula}}
|
|-
|[[ocius]] [[huc]] [[potum]] [[ferto]], [[quia]] [[fessus]] [[anhelo]].'
|
|{{Commentary|''Ocius'': as often in the ''Waltharius'', an adverb’s comparative form is used without any real comparative sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|Statius ''Thebaid'' 11.7-8.: ''Phlegrae ceu fessus anhelet/ proelia. . . '' ‘As though he were breathless and weary after Phlegra’s fight. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[illa2|Illa]] [[mero]] [[tallum]] [[complevit]] [[mox]] [[pretiosum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Tallum'': “cup, goblet” – a Germanism.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 1.729: ''implevitque mero pateram''. ‘She filled the cup with wine.’ ''Liber II Macchabeorum'' 14.4: ''. . .offerens ei. . .tallos qui templi esse videbantur.'' ‘. . .Offering to him. . .boughs which seemed to belong to the temple.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-224.png
File:Waltharius-Line-224_1.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The trope of a woman offering drink or other reward for military service to the hero is common to both Classical and Germanic traditions. In Aeneid 1.729, Dido offers Aeneas wine. The word used there is implevit, which is echoed in the Waltharius by complevit. This theme is also present in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf. After killing Grendel, Beowulf receives a necklace and a byrnie from Wealtheow, Hrothgar’s wife (l. 1215-1220). Before the contest with Grendel, Wealtheow offers Beowulf drink (1. 623-625), on his homecoming, Queen Hygd, the wife of Hygelac, also distributes mead (l. 1980-1983), and Beowulf also talks of Freawaru, Hrothgar’s daughter, distributing mead. Coincidently, Freawaru marries Ingeld, of whom Alcuin wrote to a bishop named Speratus, scolding him for listening to songs and stories of pagan heros, writing “What has Ingeld to do with Christ?” -AE}}
|-
|[[Porrexitque]] [[viro]], [[qui3|qui]] [[signans]] [[accipiebat]]
|225
|{{Commentary|''Signans'': “making the sign of the Cross” before partaking of the drink.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 8.274: ''pocula porgite dextris.'' ‘Stretch forth the cup in your hands.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|{{Comment|It seems that signans must be translated as Kratz does: “…gave it to the man, who, as he took it, crossed / himself, and pressed the maiden’s hand with his….” This translation is overtly Christian, but it is difficult to make sense of the passage otherwise. One way this could look would be that Hildegund offered Walther the filled cup, and he held it and her hand, while blessing the cup with his other hand. Du Cange’s Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis gives the Christian definition as the first one and traces its use back to Tertullian, so it would likely have carried that connotation to a ninth- or tenth- century author or audience, especially if that audience were monastic. -AE}}
|-
|[[Virgineamque]] [[manum]] [[propria1|propria]] [[constrinxit]]. [[at]] [[illa2|illa]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|It would be interesting if the last two words of this line (at illa) were intended as a pun on Attila’s name. It seems unlikely for several reasons. If the line were translated with Attila instead of at illa, it would leave Attila to “stand there, silent, staring at [his] master’s face,” which does not make sense, even in a joking way. The phrase also appears later in the poem once Attila is gone (l. [[Waltharius640|673]]). -AE}}
|-
|[[Astitit]] [[et]] [[vultum]] r[[et]]icens [[intendit]] [[herilem]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Walthariusque]] [[bibens]] [[vacuum]] [[vas]] [[porrigit]] [[olli]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.254: ''olli subridens. . . '' ‘Smiling on her. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ambo1|Ambo]] [[etenim]] [[norant]] [[de]] [[se2|se]] [[sponsalia]] [[facta1|facta]] --
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=ambo etenim}}
|{{Comment|This is one of the few hints given to the chronology of the first part of the poem. We know that when the hostages were taken, Gunther was too young to leave his mother, and we know that the three children are essentially adults by the time they leave (Hildegund is old enough to serve as quartermistress, and the boys have become warriors), and here we learn that Hildegund and Walther were both old enough when they were taken that they remember they are betrothed. -AE}}
|-
|[[Provocat]] [[et]] [[tali1|tali]] [[caram]] [[sermone]] [[puellam]]:
|230
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[exilium]] [[pariter]] [[patimur]] [[iam]] [[tempore]] [[tanto1|tanto]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.638: ''exsiliumque pati. . .'' ‘to suffer exile. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|The theme of exile is also common to both Classical and Germanic poems. In Anglo-Saxon, the elegies The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and The Wife’s Lament each recount sad stories of exile. In the Aeneid, the phrase exsilium pati appears, describing what Aeneas’s father will not do (l. 2.638). Additionally, as Walther and Hildegund go into exile for the sake of their earthly fathers, and Hagen does so for the sake of his earthly lord, religious figures of their period underwent exile or wandering for the sake of God. -AE}}
|-
|[[Non]] [[ignorantes]], [[quid5|quid]] [[nostri1|nostri]] [[forte]] [[parentes]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Inter]] [[se4|se]] [[nostra]] [[de]] [[re]] [[fecere]] [[futura]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quamne]] [[diu]] [[tacito]] [[premimus]] [[haec2|haec]] [[ipsa]] [[palato]]?'
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.103: ''non ipse suo premit ore Latinus.'' ‘Latinus keeps not shut within his own lips.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Virgo]] [[per]] [[hyroniam]] [[meditans]] [[hoc4|hoc]] [[dicere]] [[sponsum]]
|235
|{{Commentary|''Per hyroniam'': “ironically,” i.e., insincerely, to tease her.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|This passage, particularly the word hyroniam in line 235, forms the heart of many scholars’ arguments about irony in the poem. It is clear from this passage that the poet understands the phenomenon of irony, and that he uses it for humorous effect, at least in this instance. However, it is not clear from this passage whether the poet meant anything more than entertainment, let alone the Christian conversion message which Parkes argues the irony encodes (“Irony in Waltharius”). This passage is funny because the betrothed misunderstand each other, not because the poet somehow subverts pagan values. Indeed, Walther is not even being ironic. Hildegund only thinks he is. MORE HERE. SPELLING IDENTICAL IN CHRONICON. IS THIS NOT MISUNDERSTANDING BUT RATHER JOKING TOGETHER? THOMSEN CHAPTER IN BECOMING MALE IN THE MIDDLE AGES. ISIDORE. LITERALLY SAYING THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT YOU MEAN. DILWYN KNOX BOOK ON IRONY. SERVIUS ON THE AENEID, DOES HE MENTION IRONY, AND ESPECIALLY DOES HE WRT DIDO? YES. LOOK THERE. -AE}}
|-
|[[Paulum]] [[conticuit]], [[sed1|sed]] [[postea]] [[talia2|talia]] [[reddit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.323; 10.530: ''talia reddit. '' ‘He answers thus.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[quid5|Quid]] [[lingua]] [[simulas]], [[quod]] [[ab]] [[imo]] [[pectore]] [[damnas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 6.55: ''pectore ab imo.'' . . ‘From his inmost heart. . .’ 11.840: ''imo pectore.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Oreque]] [[persuades]], [[toto1|toto]] [[quod]] [[corde]] [[refutas]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sit]] [[veluti]] [[talem]] [[pudor]] [[ingens1|ingens]] [[ducere]] [[nuptam]]?'
|
|{{Commentary|''Sit veluti…pudor'': “As if it were a disgrace to…!”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vir]] [[sapiens]] [[contra1|contra]] [[respondit]] [[et]] [[intulit]] [[ista3|ista]]:
|240
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[absit]] [[quod]] [[memoras]]! [[dextrorsum]] [[porrige1|porrige]] [[sensum]]!
|
|{{Commentary|''Porrige'' equiv. to ''dirige'' ''Dextrosrum'': i.e., to what is favorable/correct.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.109: ''quod memoras''. . . ‘What you say. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Noris]] [[me1|me]] [[nihilum]] [[simulata]] [[me1|me]]nte [[locutum]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.105: ''sensit enim simulata mente locutam.'' ‘For she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[nebulae]] [[vel]] [[falsi]] [[interfore]] [[crede]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=falsi interfore}}
|
|-
|[[nullus2|Nullus]] [[adest]] [[nobis]] [[exceptis]] [[namque]] [[duobus]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nossem]] [[temet]] [[mihi]] [[promptam]] [[impendere]] [[mentem]]
|245
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promptam impendere}}
|
|-
|[[Atque]] [[fidem]] [[votis]] [[servare]] [[per]] [[omnia]] [[cautis]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Pandere]] [[cuncta]] [[tibi]] [[cordis]] [[mysteria]] [[vellem]].'
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Tandem]] [[virgo]] [[viri]] [[genibus]] [[curvata]] [[profatur1|profatur]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[vocas]], [[mi]] [[domne]], [[sequar]] [[studiose]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Domne equiv. to Domine''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 4.114: ''perge, sequar.'' ‘Go on; I will follow.’ ''Eclogue ''3.49:'' veniam quocumque vocaris.'' ‘Wherever you challenge me, I’ll be there.’ ''Aeneid'' 5.22-23.: ''sequamur,/ quoque vocat, vertamus iter.'' ‘Let us follow, and turn our course whither she calls.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[placitis]] [[malim]] [[praeponere]] [[iussis]].'
|250
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ille1|Ille]] [[dehinc]]: '[[piget]] [[exilii]] [[me1|me]] [[denique]] [[nostri]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[patriae]] [[fines]] [[reminiscor]] [[saepe]] [[relictos]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 1.3: ''nos patriae finis et dulcia linquimus arva.'' ‘We are leaving our country’s bounds and sweet fields.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[fugam]] [[cupio]] [[celerare]] [[latentem]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.357: ''tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet.'' ‘Then he bids her take speedy flight.’ 3.666:'' nos procul inde fugam. . .celerare.'' ‘We speed our flight far from there.’ 9.378: ''celerare fugam.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[iam]] [[prae]] [[multis1|multis]] [[potuissem]] [[forte]] [[diebus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Prae multis…diebus'': “many days ago.” Classical authors use ''prae'' + abl. to mean “before” only in a spatial sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.342: ''forte diebus''. . .'' '' ‘In those days, as it chanced. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[non]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[remanere]] [[dolerem]].'
|255
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius170|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** '''Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)'''
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius256|next »]]
|[[Waltharius215English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius215

2009-12-12T00:47:14Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) */

===Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)===
{|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[palatini]] [[decurrunt]] [[arce]] [[ministri]]
|215
|{{Commentary|''Palatini'': “palace servants”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 481: ''ecce Palatinus. . .minister. . . '' ‘See the servant of the palace. . .’ ''Aeineid'' 2.41: ''Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce''. ‘Laocoon in hot haste runs down from the citadel’s height.’ 11.490: ''fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce.'' ‘He shone with gold as he ran down from the fortress height.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illius]] [[aspectu]] [[hilares]] [[equitemque]] [[tenebant]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Illius'' equiv. to ''Waltharii'', objective genitive. ''Equitem'' equiv. to ''equum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|hiatus=aspectu hilares|falsequantities=illius}}
|
|-
|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vir]] [[sella]] [[descenderet]] [[inclitus]] [[alta]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[bene]] [[res]] [[vergant]], [[tum]] [[demum]] [[forte]] [[requirunt]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Si…vergant'': indirect question
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ille3|Ille]] [[aliquid]] [[modicum]] [[narrans]] [[intraverat]] [[aulam]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 4.2: ''non enim erat licitum indutum sacco aulam regis intrare.'' ‘For no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king’s court.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=ille aliquid}}
|
|-
|[[lassus]] [[enim1|enim]] [[fuerat]]), [[regisque]] [[cubile]] [[petebat]].
|220
|{{Commentary|''Cubile equiv. to cubiculum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illic]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[offendit]] [[residentem]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=solam offendit}}
|
|-
|[[Cui]] [[post]] [[amplexus]] [[atque]] [[oscula]] [[dulcia]] [[dixit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.687: ''cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet. . .'' ‘When she takes you to her bosom, embraces you and imprints sweet kisses. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS|elision=atque oscula}}
|
|-
|[[ocius]] [[huc]] [[potum]] [[ferto]], [[quia]] [[fessus]] [[anhelo]].'
|
|{{Commentary|''Ocius'': as often in the ''Waltharius'', an adverb’s comparative form is used without any real comparative sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|Statius ''Thebaid'' 11.7-8.: ''Phlegrae ceu fessus anhelet/ proelia. . . '' ‘As though he were breathless and weary after Phlegra’s fight. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[illa2|Illa]] [[mero]] [[tallum]] [[complevit]] [[mox]] [[pretiosum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Tallum'': “cup, goblet” – a Germanism.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 1.729: ''implevitque mero pateram''. ‘She filled the cup with wine.’ ''Liber II Macchabeorum'' 14.4: ''. . .offerens ei. . .tallos qui templi esse videbantur.'' ‘. . .Offering to him. . .boughs which seemed to belong to the temple.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-224.png
File:Waltharius-Line-224_1.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The trope of a woman offering drink or other reward for military service to the hero is common to both Classical and Germanic traditions. In Aeneid 1.729, Dido offers Aeneas wine. The word used there is implevit, which is echoed in the Waltharius by complevit. This theme is also present in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf. After killing Grendel, Beowulf receives a necklace and a byrnie from Wealtheow, Hrothgar’s wife (l. 1215-1220). Before the contest with Grendel, Wealtheow offers Beowulf drink (1. 623-625), on his homecoming, Queen Hygd, the wife of Hygelac, also distributes mead (l. 1980-1983), and Beowulf also talks of Freawaru, Hrothgar’s daughter, distributing mead. Coincidently, Freawaru marries Ingeld, of whom Alcuin wrote to a bishop named Speratus, scolding him for listening to songs and stories of pagan heros, writing “What has Ingeld to do with Christ?” -AE}}
|-
|[[Porrexitque]] [[viro]], [[qui3|qui]] [[signans]] [[accipiebat]]
|225
|{{Commentary|''Signans'': “making the sign of the Cross” before partaking of the drink.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 8.274: ''pocula porgite dextris.'' ‘Stretch forth the cup in your hands.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|{{Comment|It seems that signans must be translated as Kratz does: “…gave it to the man, who, as he took it, crossed / himself, and pressed the maiden’s hand with his….” This translation is overtly Christian, but it is difficult to make sense of the passage otherwise. One way this could look would be that Hildegund offered Walther the filled cup, and he held it and her hand, while blessing the cup with his other hand. Du Cange’s Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis gives the Christian definition as the first one and traces its use back to Tertullian, so it would likely have carried that connotation to a ninth- or tenth- century author or audience, especially if that audience were monastic. -AE}}
|-
|[[Virgineamque]] [[manum]] [[propria1|propria]] [[constrinxit]]. [[at]] [[illa2|illa]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
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|[[Astitit]] [[et]] [[vultum]] r[[et]]icens [[intendit]] [[herilem]],
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
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|[[Walthariusque]] [[bibens]] [[vacuum]] [[vas]] [[porrigit]] [[olli]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.254: ''olli subridens. . . '' ‘Smiling on her. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ambo1|Ambo]] [[etenim]] [[norant]] [[de]] [[se2|se]] [[sponsalia]] [[facta1|facta]] --
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=ambo etenim}}
|{{Comment|This is one of the few hints given to the chronology of the first part of the poem. We know that when the hostages were taken, Gunther was too young to leave his mother, and we know that the three children are essentially adults by the time they leave (Hildegund is old enough to serve as quartermistress, and the boys have become warriors), and here we learn that Hildegund and Walther were both old enough when they were taken that they remember they are betrothed. -AE}}
|-
|[[Provocat]] [[et]] [[tali1|tali]] [[caram]] [[sermone]] [[puellam]]:
|230
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[exilium]] [[pariter]] [[patimur]] [[iam]] [[tempore]] [[tanto1|tanto]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.638: ''exsiliumque pati. . .'' ‘to suffer exile. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|The theme of exile is also common to both Classical and Germanic poems. In Anglo-Saxon, the elegies The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and The Wife’s Lament each recount sad stories of exile. In the Aeneid, the phrase exsilium pati appears, describing what Aeneas’s father will not do (l. 2.638). Additionally, as Walther and Hildegund go into exile for the sake of their earthly fathers, and Hagen does so for the sake of his earthly lord, religious figures of their period underwent exile or wandering for the sake of God. -AE}}
|-
|[[Non]] [[ignorantes]], [[quid5|quid]] [[nostri1|nostri]] [[forte]] [[parentes]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
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|[[Inter]] [[se4|se]] [[nostra]] [[de]] [[re]] [[fecere]] [[futura]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
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|[[Quamne]] [[diu]] [[tacito]] [[premimus]] [[haec2|haec]] [[ipsa]] [[palato]]?'
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.103: ''non ipse suo premit ore Latinus.'' ‘Latinus keeps not shut within his own lips.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Virgo]] [[per]] [[hyroniam]] [[meditans]] [[hoc4|hoc]] [[dicere]] [[sponsum]]
|235
|{{Commentary|''Per hyroniam'': “ironically,” i.e., insincerely, to tease her.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|This passage, particularly the word hyroniam in line 235, forms the heart of many scholars’ arguments about irony in the poem. It is clear from this passage that the poet understands the phenomenon of irony, and that he uses it for humorous effect, at least in this instance. However, it is not clear from this passage whether the poet meant anything more than entertainment, let alone the Christian conversion message which Parkes argues the irony encodes (“Irony in Waltharius”). This passage is funny because the betrothed misunderstand each other, not because the poet somehow subverts pagan values. Indeed, Walther is not even being ironic. Hildegund only thinks he is. MORE HERE. SPELLING IDENTICAL IN CHRONICON. IS THIS NOT MISUNDERSTANDING BUT RATHER JOKING TOGETHER? THOMSEN CHAPTER IN BECOMING MALE IN THE MIDDLE AGES. ISIDORE. LITERALLY SAYING THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT YOU MEAN. DILWYN KNOX BOOK ON IRONY. SERVIUS ON THE AENEID, DOES HE MENTION IRONY, AND ESPECIALLY DOES HE WRT DIDO? YES. LOOK THERE. -AE}}
|-
|[[Paulum]] [[conticuit]], [[sed1|sed]] [[postea]] [[talia2|talia]] [[reddit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.323; 10.530: ''talia reddit. '' ‘He answers thus.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
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|[[quid5|Quid]] [[lingua]] [[simulas]], [[quod]] [[ab]] [[imo]] [[pectore]] [[damnas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 6.55: ''pectore ab imo.'' . . ‘From his inmost heart. . .’ 11.840: ''imo pectore.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
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|[[Oreque]] [[persuades]], [[toto1|toto]] [[quod]] [[corde]] [[refutas]],
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Sit]] [[veluti]] [[talem]] [[pudor]] [[ingens1|ingens]] [[ducere]] [[nuptam]]?'
|
|{{Commentary|''Sit veluti…pudor'': “As if it were a disgrace to…!”
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
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|[[Vir]] [[sapiens]] [[contra1|contra]] [[respondit]] [[et]] [[intulit]] [[ista3|ista]]:
|240
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[absit]] [[quod]] [[memoras]]! [[dextrorsum]] [[porrige1|porrige]] [[sensum]]!
|
|{{Commentary|''Porrige'' equiv. to ''dirige'' ''Dextrosrum'': i.e., to what is favorable/correct.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.109: ''quod memoras''. . . ‘What you say. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
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|[[Noris]] [[me1|me]] [[nihilum]] [[simulata]] [[me1|me]]nte [[locutum]]
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.105: ''sensit enim simulata mente locutam.'' ‘For she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
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|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[nebulae]] [[vel]] [[falsi]] [[interfore]] [[crede]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=falsi interfore}}
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|[[nullus2|Nullus]] [[adest]] [[nobis]] [[exceptis]] [[namque]] [[duobus]]:
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[nossem]] [[temet]] [[mihi]] [[promptam]] [[impendere]] [[mentem]]
|245
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promptam impendere}}
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|[[Atque]] [[fidem]] [[votis]] [[servare]] [[per]] [[omnia]] [[cautis]],
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[Pandere]] [[cuncta]] [[tibi]] [[cordis]] [[mysteria]] [[vellem]].'
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[Tandem]] [[virgo]] [[viri]] [[genibus]] [[curvata]] [[profatur1|profatur]]:
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[vocas]], [[mi]] [[domne]], [[sequar]] [[studiose]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Domne equiv. to Domine''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 4.114: ''perge, sequar.'' ‘Go on; I will follow.’ ''Eclogue ''3.49:'' veniam quocumque vocaris.'' ‘Wherever you challenge me, I’ll be there.’ ''Aeneid'' 5.22-23.: ''sequamur,/ quoque vocat, vertamus iter.'' ‘Let us follow, and turn our course whither she calls.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[placitis]] [[malim]] [[praeponere]] [[iussis]].'
|250
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|-
|[[ille1|Ille]] [[dehinc]]: '[[piget]] [[exilii]] [[me1|me]] [[denique]] [[nostri]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[patriae]] [[fines]] [[reminiscor]] [[saepe]] [[relictos]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 1.3: ''nos patriae finis et dulcia linquimus arva.'' ‘We are leaving our country’s bounds and sweet fields.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[fugam]] [[cupio]] [[celerare]] [[latentem]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.357: ''tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet.'' ‘Then he bids her take speedy flight.’ 3.666:'' nos procul inde fugam. . .celerare.'' ‘We speed our flight far from there.’ 9.378: ''celerare fugam.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[iam]] [[prae]] [[multis1|multis]] [[potuissem]] [[forte]] [[diebus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Prae multis…diebus'': “many days ago.” Classical authors use ''prae'' + abl. to mean “before” only in a spatial sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.342: ''forte diebus''. . .'' '' ‘In those days, as it chanced. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[non]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[remanere]] [[dolerem]].'
|255
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius170|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** '''Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)'''
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius256|next »]]
|[[Waltharius215English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius170

2009-12-12T00:36:41Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214) */

===Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)===
{|
|-
|[[Venerat]] [[interea1|interea]] [[satrapae]] [[certissima]] [[fama]]
|170
|{{Commentary|''Satrapae'' equiv. to ''Attilae''
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quandam]], [[quae4|quae]] [[nuper]] [[superata]], [[resistere]] [[gentem]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Quandam…gentem'': since the sudden rebellion is merely a crude plot device, the precise identity of the people is unimportant.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[bellum]] [[Hunis1|Hunis]] [[confestim]] [[inferre]] [[paratam]].
|
|
|
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=confestim inferre|hiatus=bellum Hunis}}
|
|-
|[[Tunc]] [[ad]] [[Waltharium]] [[convertitur]] [[actio]] [[rerum]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Action rerum'': “the leadership of the expedition”
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[qui3|Qui]] [[mox]] [[militiam]] [[percensuit]] [[ordine]] [[totam]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[bellatorum]] [[confortat]] [[corda]] [[suorum]],
|175
|{{Commentary|''Confortat'' equiv. to ''confirmat''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Regum II'' 11.25: ''conforta bellatores.'' ‘Encourage thy warriors.’ ''Liber Genesis'' 18.5: ''confortate cor vestrum.'' ‘Strengthen ye your heart.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The language here recalls passages from Genesis ("confortate cor vestrum," 18:5) and II Kings ("conforta bellatores," 11.25). In the Genesis passage, Abraham is speaking to visiting angels. The passage from II Kings is King David sending a message to his nephew Joab after the death of Uriah the Hittite. -AE}}
|-
|[[Hortans]] [[praeteritos]] [[semper]] [[memorare]] [[triumphos]]
|
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|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
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|[[Promittensque]] [[istos]] [[solita]] [[virtute]] [[tyrannos]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Tyrannos'' equiv. to ''rebelles'' (here)
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 155-156.: '' ‘vicimus,’ inquit,/ ‘exultans Vitium solita virtute.’ '' ‘ “We have overcome,” he said, “a proud Vice with our wonted virtue.” ’ ''Aeneid'' 11.415: ''quamquam o si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset! '' ‘If only we had any of our wonted valour!’'' ''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promittensque istos}}
|
|-
|[[Sternere]] [[et]] [[externis]] [[terrorem]] [[imponere]] [[terris]].
|
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|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=sternere et; terrorem imponere}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[mora]], [[consurgit]] [[sequiturque]] [[exercitus]] [[omnis1|omnis]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.597-598.: ''At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat,/ Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis/ compositi numero in turmas''. ‘But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted array, marshalled by number into squadrons.’
 ''Liber Iosue'' 8.3: ''surrexit Iosue et omnis exercitus bellatorum cum eo''. ‘And Josue arose, and all the army of the fighting men with him.’ ''Aeineid'' 2.415: ''exercitus omnis. . .'' ‘The whole host. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=sequiturque exercitus}}
|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[locum]] [[pugnae]] [[conspexerat]] [[et]] [[numeratam]]
|180
|{{Commentary|The description of the battle that follows reworks a scene from the ''Aeneid'' (11.597 ff.) while attempting some limited level of verisimilitude in its depiction of medieval warfare. The warriors fight on horseback (a practice adopted by the Franks in Carolingian times), first with arrows and javelins from afar (the practice of the Hungarian Avars), and then in hand-to-hand combat with swords (not found in the scene from the ''Aeneid'').
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.597-598.: ''At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat,/ Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis/ compositi numero in turmas''. ‘But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted array, marshalled by number into squadrons.’
 ''Aeneid'' 11.599: ''compositi numero in turmas''. . . ‘Marshalled by number into squadrons. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The battle here is reminiscent of the battles in the Aeneid (like that at 11.597), but some features distinguish it as medieval. For instance, they fight on horseback, which is a Carolingian innovation. -AE}}
|-
|[[Per]] [[latos]] [[aciem]] [[campos]] [[digessit]] [[et]] [[agros]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.599: ''compositi numero in turmas''. . . ‘Marshalled by number into squadrons. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 10.407-408.: ''extenditur una/ horrida per latos acies Volcania campos''. ‘Vulcan’s bristling battleline spreads unbroken over the broad fields.’ 11.601-602.: ''tum late ferreus hastis/ horret ager campique armis sublimibus ardent.'' ‘Far and wide the field bristles with the steel of spears, and the plains are ablaze with raised weapons.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Iamque]] [[infra]] [[iactum]] [[teli]] [[congressus]] [[uterque]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.608-609.: ''iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque/ substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore.'' ‘And now in its advance each army had halted within a spear cast of the other; with a sudden shout they dash forth.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=iamque in}}
|
|-
|[[Constiterat]] [[cuneus]]: [[tunc]] [[undique]] [[clamor]] [[ad]] [[auras]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.608-609.: ''iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque/ substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore.'' ‘And now in its advance each army had halted within a spear cast of the other; with a sudden shout they dash forth.’
 ''Aeneid'' 9.566-567. ''undique clamor/ tollitur''. ‘On all sides a shout goes up.’ 2.699: ''se tollit ad auras. '' ‘He raises himself to the airs.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Tollitur]], [[horrendam]] [[confundunt]] [[classica]] [[vocem]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.566-567. ''undique clamor/ tollitur''. ‘On all sides a shout goes up.’ 2.699: ''se tollit ad auras. '' ‘He raises himself to the airs.’
 ''Aeneid'' 7.637: ''classica iamque sonant''. ‘And now the clarion sounds.’ 9.731-732.: ''arma/ horrendum sonuere.'' ‘His armour rang terribly.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Continuoque]] [[hastae]] [[volitant]] [[hinc]] [[indeque1|indeque]] [[densae]].
|185
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''continuo''. . . ‘At once. . .’ 11.610-611.: ''fundunt simul undique tela/ crebra nivis ritu''. ‘Together from all sides they shower weapons as thick as snowflakes.’ 12.408-409.: ''spicula castris/ densa cadunt mediis''. ‘Shafts fall thick in the middle of the camp.’ ''Georgics'' 2.142: ''galeis densisque virum seges horruit hastis''. ‘The fields bristled with the helms and serried lances of warriors.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=H-ELISION: continuoque hastae}}
|
|-
|[[Fraxinus]] [[et]] [[cornus]] [[ludum]] [[miscebat]] [[in]] [[unum]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Fraxinus et cornus'': by metonymy, the wooden spears.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.698: ''volat Itala cornus''. ‘The Italian cornel shaft flies.’ 12.267: ''sonitum dat stridula cornus''. ‘The whistling cornel shaft sings.’ 12.714: ''fors et virtus miscentur in unum.'' ‘Chance and valour blend in one.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Fulminis]] [[inque]] [[modum]] [[cuspis]] [[vibrata]] [[micabat]].
|
|{{Commentary|''In modum'' equiv. to ''instar''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.615-616.: ''excussus Aconteus/ fulminis in morem''. . .''praecipitat longe''. ‘Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Ac]] [[veluti]] [[boreae]] [[sub]] [[tempore]] [[nix]] [[glomerata]]
|
|
|
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The metaphor here suggests that both the poet and his expected audience were familiar with snow. Indeed, it suggests that they had experienced snowstorms, not simply seen snow on faraway mountaintops. In contrast, the only appearance of snow in the Aeneid is in line 4.238. Mercury is flying to Carthage, and on the way there he sees Atlas, whose shoulders are snow-covered. -AE}}
|-
|[[Spargitur]], [[haud]] [[aliter]] [[saevas]] [[iecere]] [[sagittas]].
|
|
|
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
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|[[postremum1|Postremum]] [[cunctis1|cunctis]] [[utroque]] [[ex]] [[agmine]] [[pilis]]
|190
|
|
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=utroque ex}}
|
|-
|[[absumptis1|Absumptis]] [[manus]] [[ad]] [[mucronem]] [[vertitur]] [[omnis]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|Prudentius'' Psychomachia'' 137: ''vertitur ad capulum manus''. ‘Her ruthless hand turned to her sword-hilt.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Fulmineos]] [[promunt]] [[enses]] [[clipeosque]] [[revolvunt]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Clipeosque revolvunt'': variously explained. The warriors are either throwing back their shields or taking them up again having already done so, in preparation for combat (cf. ''restaurant'' in the following line).
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.579-580.: ''vaginaque eripit ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘He snatches his flashing sword from its sheath.’ 9.441-442.: ''instat non setius ac rotat ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘Onward none the less he presses, whirling his lightning blade.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Concurrunt]] [[acies1|acies]] [[demum]] [[pugnamque]] [[restaurant]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
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|[[Pectoribus]] [[partim]] [[rumpuntur]] [[pectora1|pectora]] [[equorum]],
|
|{{Commentary|The thought of this line parallels that of the next: some of both the horses and the men were killed merely by being crushed against one another while armed in the stampede of battle.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=pectora equorum}}
|
|-
|[[Sternitur]] [[et]] [[quaedam]] [[pars]] [[duro]] [[umbone]] [[virorum]].
|195
|
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 255-256.: ''hostem humilem cupiens inpulsu umbonis equini/ sternere. . .'' ‘Eager to upset her lowly enemy with the shock of her horse-hide shield. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=duro umbone}}
|
|-
|[[Waltharius]] [[tamen]] [[in]] [[medio1|medio]] [[furit]] [[agmine]] [[bello]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 11.762: ''qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo''. . . ‘Wherever the maiden rides among the ranks in her fury. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-196.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Obvia]] [[quaeque1|quaeque]] [[metens]] [[armis]] [[ac]] [[limite]] [[pergens]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 11.762: ''qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo''. . . ‘Wherever the maiden rides among the ranks in her fury. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 10.513-514.: ''proxima quaeque metit gladio latumque per agmen/ ardens limitem agit ferro''. . . ‘With the sword he mows down all the nearest ranks, and fiercely drives a broad path through the host with the steel. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
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|[[hunc2|Hunc]] [[ubi]] [[conspiciunt]] [[hostes1|hostes]] [[tantas]] [[dare]] [[strages]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.783-784.: ''unus homo et vestris, o cives, undique saeptus/ aggeribus tantas strages. . .ediderit? '' ‘My countrymen, shall one man, hemmed in on every side by your ramparts, deal such carnage?’ ''Georgics ''3.246-247.: ''nec funera vulgo/ tam multa informes ursi stragemque dedere''. ‘Never does the shapeless bear spread death and havoc so widely.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Ac]] [[si]] [[praesentem]] [[metuebant]] [[cernere]] [[mortem]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Ac si'': qualifying ''praesentem'', not beginning a clause.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.91: ''praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.'' ‘All forebodes the sailors’ instant death.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[quemcunque]] [[locum]], [[seu]] [[dextram]] [[sive]] [[sinistram]],
|200
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.563: ''laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit''. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
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|[[Waltharius]] [[peteret]], [[cuncti1|cuncti]] [[mox]] [[terga]] [[dederunt]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.563: ''laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit''. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’
 ''Aeneid'' 9.686: ''agminibus totis qut versi terga dedere.'' ‘With all their columns [they] are routed and turn to flight.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
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|[[Et]] [[versis]] [[scutis]] [[laxisque]] [[feruntur]] [[habenis]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Versis scutis'': they put their shields on their backs to protect them as they flee.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.686: ''agminibus totis qut versi terga dedere.'' ‘With all their columns [they] are routed and turn to flight.’
 ''Aeneid'' 11.618-619.:'' versique Latini/ reiciunt parmas''. ‘The routed Latins cast their shields behind them.’ 11.623: ''hi fugiunt penitusque datis referuntur habenis'' ‘The others flee, and retreat far off with loosened rein.’ ''Georgics'' 2.364: ''palmes agit laxis per purum immisus habenis. . .'' ‘The shoot, speeding through the void with loosened reins. . .’ ''Aeneid'' 1.62-63.: ''qui foedere certo/ et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.'' ‘Who, under fixed covenant, should be skilled to tighten and loosen the reins at command.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
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|[[Tunc]] [[imitata]] [[ducem]] [[gens]] [[maxima]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.758-759.: '' ducis exemplum eventumque secuti/ Maeonidae incurrunt. '' ‘Following their chief’s example and success, Maeonia’s sons attack.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-196.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
File:Europe500.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Saevior]] [[insurgit]] [[caedemque]] [[audacior]] [[auget]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 12.902: ''altior insurgens.'' . . ‘Rising to his height. . .’ Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 31: ''altior insurgens.''
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=caedemque audacior}}
|
|-
|[[Deicit]] [[obstantes]], [[fugientes]] [[proterit]] [[usque]],
|205
|
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' Praefatio 28: ''pellit fugatos, sauciatos proterit. '' ‘[He] drives off in flight those proud kings. . .or cuts them down.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
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|[[dum1|Dum]] [[caperet]] [[plenum]] [[belli]] [[sub]] [[sorte]] [[triumphum]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Belli sub sorte'': “in the outcome of the battle”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 474: ''belli sub sorte''. . . ‘By the luck of war. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Tum]] [[super1|super]] [[occisos]] [[ruit]] [[et]] [[spoliaverat]] [[omnes1|omnes]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[tandem]] [[ductor]] [[recavo]] [[vocat]] [[agmina]] [[cornu]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 7.513-514.: ''cornuque recurvo/ Tartaream intendit vocem. '' ‘On the twisted horn [she] strains her hellish voice.’ 3.239: '' dat signum specula Misenus ab alta/ aere cavo. '' ‘Misenus on his hollow brass gave the signal from his watch aloft.’ Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 422: ''recavo misceret labra palato''. ‘[She] beats the lips into the arched mouth.’ ''Aeneid'' 7.508: ''vocat agmina Tyrrhus''. ‘Tyrrhus summons his bands.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Ac]] [[primus1|primus]] [[frontem]] [[festa]] [[cum2|cum]] [[fronde]] [[revinxit]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.71-72.: '' ‘. . .cingite tempora ramis.’/ Sic fatus velat materna tempora myrto./ hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes/ hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. '' ‘ “. . .Weathe your brows with leaves.” So speaking, he crowns his brows with his mother’s myrtle. Thus does Helymus, thus Acestes, ripe of years, thus the boy Ascanius, the rest of the youth following.’ 7.614: ''sequitur tum cetera pubes''. ‘Then the rest of the warriors take up the cry.’ 4.459: ''velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum. . .'' ‘Wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Victrici]] [[lauro]] [[cingens]] [[sua1|sua]] [[timpora]] [[vulgo]],
|210
|{{Commentary|''Timpora'' equiv. to ''tempora''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.71-72.: '' ‘. . .cingite tempora ramis.’/ Sic fatus velat materna tempora myrto./ hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes/ hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. '' ‘ “. . .Weathe your brows with leaves.” So speaking, he crowns his brows with his mother’s myrtle. Thus does Helymus, thus Acestes, ripe of years, thus the boy Ascanius, the rest of the youth following.’ 7.614: ''sequitur tum cetera pubes''. ‘Then the rest of the warriors take up the cry.’ 4.459: ''velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum. . .'' ‘Wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 5.539: ''cingit viridanti tempora lauro.'' ‘He binds his brows with green laurel.’ Virgil, ''Eclogue'' 8.12-13.: ''hanc sine tempora circum/ inter victricis hederam tibi serpere lauros.'' ‘Grant that, amid the conqueror’s laurels, this ivy may creep about your brows.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The laurels mentioned here are likely a Classical reference, rather than a literal reward. The bay laurel, from which laurel wreaths are typically made, is a Mediterranean plant, and it would have a hard time surviving in most of modern-day Germany. Even then, the plant (or its leaves) would have had to be imported. Since it is unlikely that the laurels would have been practical, this is likely just another example of the Waltharius poet drawing on Classical tropes. -AE}}
|-
|[[post1|Post]] [[hunc2|hunc]] [[signiferi]], [[sequitur]] [[quos]] [[cetera]] [[pubes]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Iamque]] [[triumphali]] [[redierunt]] [[stemmate1|stemmate]] [[compti]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[patriam]] [[ingressi]] [[propria]] [[se5|se]] [[quisque1|quisque]] [[locavit]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=patriam ingressi}}
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|[[sed1|Sed]]e, [[sed1|sed]] [[ad]] [[solium1|solium]] [[mox]] [[Waltharius]] [[properavit]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius142|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** '''Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)'''
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius215|next »]]
|[[Waltharius170English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius170

2009-12-12T00:31:10Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214) */

===Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)===
{|
|-
|[[Venerat]] [[interea1|interea]] [[satrapae]] [[certissima]] [[fama]]
|170
|{{Commentary|''Satrapae'' equiv. to ''Attilae''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quandam]], [[quae4|quae]] [[nuper]] [[superata]], [[resistere]] [[gentem]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Quandam…gentem'': since the sudden rebellion is merely a crude plot device, the precise identity of the people is unimportant.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[bellum]] [[Hunis1|Hunis]] [[confestim]] [[inferre]] [[paratam]].
|
|
|
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=confestim inferre|hiatus=bellum Hunis}}
|
|-
|[[Tunc]] [[ad]] [[Waltharium]] [[convertitur]] [[actio]] [[rerum]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Action rerum'': “the leadership of the expedition”
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[qui3|Qui]] [[mox]] [[militiam]] [[percensuit]] [[ordine]] [[totam]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
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|[[Et]] [[bellatorum]] [[confortat]] [[corda]] [[suorum]],
|175
|{{Commentary|''Confortat'' equiv. to ''confirmat''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Regum II'' 11.25: ''conforta bellatores.'' ‘Encourage thy warriors.’ ''Liber Genesis'' 18.5: ''confortate cor vestrum.'' ‘Strengthen ye your heart.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The language here recalls passages from Genesis ("confortate cor vestrum," 18:5) and II Kings ("conforta bellatores," 11.25). In the Genesis passage, Abraham is speaking to visiting angels. The passage from II Kings is King David sending a message to his nephew Joab after the death of Uriah the Hittite. -AE}}
|-
|[[Hortans]] [[praeteritos]] [[semper]] [[memorare]] [[triumphos]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
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|[[Promittensque]] [[istos]] [[solita]] [[virtute]] [[tyrannos]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Tyrannos'' equiv. to ''rebelles'' (here)
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 155-156.: '' ‘vicimus,’ inquit,/ ‘exultans Vitium solita virtute.’ '' ‘ “We have overcome,” he said, “a proud Vice with our wonted virtue.” ’ ''Aeneid'' 11.415: ''quamquam o si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset! '' ‘If only we had any of our wonted valour!’'' ''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promittensque istos}}
|
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|[[Sternere]] [[et]] [[externis]] [[terrorem]] [[imponere]] [[terris]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=sternere et; terrorem imponere}}
|
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|[[Nec]] [[mora]], [[consurgit]] [[sequiturque]] [[exercitus]] [[omnis1|omnis]].
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.597-598.: ''At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat,/ Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis/ compositi numero in turmas''. ‘But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted array, marshalled by number into squadrons.’
 ''Liber Iosue'' 8.3: ''surrexit Iosue et omnis exercitus bellatorum cum eo''. ‘And Josue arose, and all the army of the fighting men with him.’ ''Aeineid'' 2.415: ''exercitus omnis. . .'' ‘The whole host. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=sequiturque exercitus}}
|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[locum]] [[pugnae]] [[conspexerat]] [[et]] [[numeratam]]
|180
|{{Commentary|The description of the battle that follows reworks a scene from the ''Aeneid'' (11.597 ff.) while attempting some limited level of verisimilitude in its depiction of medieval warfare. The warriors fight on horseback (a practice adopted by the Franks in Carolingian times), first with arrows and javelins from afar (the practice of the Hungarian Avars), and then in hand-to-hand combat with swords (not found in the scene from the ''Aeneid'').
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.597-598.: ''At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat,/ Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis/ compositi numero in turmas''. ‘But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted array, marshalled by number into squadrons.’
 ''Aeneid'' 11.599: ''compositi numero in turmas''. . . ‘Marshalled by number into squadrons. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The battle here is reminiscent of the battles in the Aeneid (like that at 11.597), but some features distinguish it as medieval. For instance, they fight on horseback, which is a Carolingian innovation. -AE}}
|-
|[[Per]] [[latos]] [[aciem]] [[campos]] [[digessit]] [[et]] [[agros]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.599: ''compositi numero in turmas''. . . ‘Marshalled by number into squadrons. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 10.407-408.: ''extenditur una/ horrida per latos acies Volcania campos''. ‘Vulcan’s bristling battleline spreads unbroken over the broad fields.’ 11.601-602.: ''tum late ferreus hastis/ horret ager campique armis sublimibus ardent.'' ‘Far and wide the field bristles with the steel of spears, and the plains are ablaze with raised weapons.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
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|[[Iamque]] [[infra]] [[iactum]] [[teli]] [[congressus]] [[uterque]]
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.608-609.: ''iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque/ substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore.'' ‘And now in its advance each army had halted within a spear cast of the other; with a sudden shout they dash forth.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=iamque in}}
|
|-
|[[Constiterat]] [[cuneus]]: [[tunc]] [[undique]] [[clamor]] [[ad]] [[auras]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.608-609.: ''iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque/ substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore.'' ‘And now in its advance each army had halted within a spear cast of the other; with a sudden shout they dash forth.’
 ''Aeneid'' 9.566-567. ''undique clamor/ tollitur''. ‘On all sides a shout goes up.’ 2.699: ''se tollit ad auras. '' ‘He raises himself to the airs.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
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|[[Tollitur]], [[horrendam]] [[confundunt]] [[classica]] [[vocem]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.566-567. ''undique clamor/ tollitur''. ‘On all sides a shout goes up.’ 2.699: ''se tollit ad auras. '' ‘He raises himself to the airs.’
 ''Aeneid'' 7.637: ''classica iamque sonant''. ‘And now the clarion sounds.’ 9.731-732.: ''arma/ horrendum sonuere.'' ‘His armour rang terribly.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Continuoque]] [[hastae]] [[volitant]] [[hinc]] [[indeque1|indeque]] [[densae]].
|185
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''continuo''. . . ‘At once. . .’ 11.610-611.: ''fundunt simul undique tela/ crebra nivis ritu''. ‘Together from all sides they shower weapons as thick as snowflakes.’ 12.408-409.: ''spicula castris/ densa cadunt mediis''. ‘Shafts fall thick in the middle of the camp.’ ''Georgics'' 2.142: ''galeis densisque virum seges horruit hastis''. ‘The fields bristled with the helms and serried lances of warriors.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=H-ELISION: continuoque hastae}}
|
|-
|[[Fraxinus]] [[et]] [[cornus]] [[ludum]] [[miscebat]] [[in]] [[unum]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Fraxinus et cornus'': by metonymy, the wooden spears.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.698: ''volat Itala cornus''. ‘The Italian cornel shaft flies.’ 12.267: ''sonitum dat stridula cornus''. ‘The whistling cornel shaft sings.’ 12.714: ''fors et virtus miscentur in unum.'' ‘Chance and valour blend in one.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Fulminis]] [[inque]] [[modum]] [[cuspis]] [[vibrata]] [[micabat]].
|
|{{Commentary|''In modum'' equiv. to ''instar''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.615-616.: ''excussus Aconteus/ fulminis in morem''. . .''praecipitat longe''. ‘Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
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|[[Ac]] [[veluti]] [[boreae]] [[sub]] [[tempore]] [[nix]] [[glomerata]]
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|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The metaphor here suggests that both the poet and his expected audience were familiar with snow. Indeed, it suggests that they had experienced snowstorms, not simply seen snow on faraway mountaintops. In contrast, the only appearance of snow in the Aeneid is in line 4.238. Mercury is flying to Carthage, and on the way there he sees Atlas, whose shoulders are snow-covered. -AE}}
|-
|[[Spargitur]], [[haud]] [[aliter]] [[saevas]] [[iecere]] [[sagittas]].
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|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[postremum1|Postremum]] [[cunctis1|cunctis]] [[utroque]] [[ex]] [[agmine]] [[pilis]]
|190
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|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=utroque ex}}
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|[[absumptis1|Absumptis]] [[manus]] [[ad]] [[mucronem]] [[vertitur]] [[omnis]]:
|
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|{{Parallel|Prudentius'' Psychomachia'' 137: ''vertitur ad capulum manus''. ‘Her ruthless hand turned to her sword-hilt.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
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|[[Fulmineos]] [[promunt]] [[enses]] [[clipeosque]] [[revolvunt]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Clipeosque revolvunt'': variously explained. The warriors are either throwing back their shields or taking them up again having already done so, in preparation for combat (cf. ''restaurant'' in the following line).
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.579-580.: ''vaginaque eripit ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘He snatches his flashing sword from its sheath.’ 9.441-442.: ''instat non setius ac rotat ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘Onward none the less he presses, whirling his lightning blade.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[Concurrunt]] [[acies1|acies]] [[demum]] [[pugnamque]] [[restaurant]].
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[Pectoribus]] [[partim]] [[rumpuntur]] [[pectora1|pectora]] [[equorum]],
|
|{{Commentary|The thought of this line parallels that of the next: some of both the horses and the men were killed merely by being crushed against one another while armed in the stampede of battle.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=pectora equorum}}
|
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|[[Sternitur]] [[et]] [[quaedam]] [[pars]] [[duro]] [[umbone]] [[virorum]].
|195
|
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 255-256.: ''hostem humilem cupiens inpulsu umbonis equini/ sternere. . .'' ‘Eager to upset her lowly enemy with the shock of her horse-hide shield. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=duro umbone}}
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|[[Waltharius]] [[tamen]] [[in]] [[medio1|medio]] [[furit]] [[agmine]] [[bello]],
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 11.762: ''qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo''. . . ‘Wherever the maiden rides among the ranks in her fury. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-196.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
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|[[Obvia]] [[quaeque1|quaeque]] [[metens]] [[armis]] [[ac]] [[limite]] [[pergens]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 11.762: ''qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo''. . . ‘Wherever the maiden rides among the ranks in her fury. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 10.513-514.: ''proxima quaeque metit gladio latumque per agmen/ ardens limitem agit ferro''. . . ‘With the sword he mows down all the nearest ranks, and fiercely drives a broad path through the host with the steel. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
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|[[hunc2|Hunc]] [[ubi]] [[conspiciunt]] [[hostes1|hostes]] [[tantas]] [[dare]] [[strages]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.783-784.: ''unus homo et vestris, o cives, undique saeptus/ aggeribus tantas strages. . .ediderit? '' ‘My countrymen, shall one man, hemmed in on every side by your ramparts, deal such carnage?’ ''Georgics ''3.246-247.: ''nec funera vulgo/ tam multa informes ursi stragemque dedere''. ‘Never does the shapeless bear spread death and havoc so widely.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
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|[[Ac]] [[si]] [[praesentem]] [[metuebant]] [[cernere]] [[mortem]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Ac si'': qualifying ''praesentem'', not beginning a clause.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.91: ''praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.'' ‘All forebodes the sailors’ instant death.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[quemcunque]] [[locum]], [[seu]] [[dextram]] [[sive]] [[sinistram]],
|200
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.563: ''laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit''. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
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|[[Waltharius]] [[peteret]], [[cuncti1|cuncti]] [[mox]] [[terga]] [[dederunt]]
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.563: ''laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit''. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’
 ''Aeneid'' 9.686: ''agminibus totis qut versi terga dedere.'' ‘With all their columns [they] are routed and turn to flight.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[versis]] [[scutis]] [[laxisque]] [[feruntur]] [[habenis]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Versis scutis'': they put their shields on their backs to protect them as they flee.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.686: ''agminibus totis qut versi terga dedere.'' ‘With all their columns [they] are routed and turn to flight.’
 ''Aeneid'' 11.618-619.:'' versique Latini/ reiciunt parmas''. ‘The routed Latins cast their shields behind them.’ 11.623: ''hi fugiunt penitusque datis referuntur habenis'' ‘The others flee, and retreat far off with loosened rein.’ ''Georgics'' 2.364: ''palmes agit laxis per purum immisus habenis. . .'' ‘The shoot, speeding through the void with loosened reins. . .’ ''Aeneid'' 1.62-63.: ''qui foedere certo/ et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.'' ‘Who, under fixed covenant, should be skilled to tighten and loosen the reins at command.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|[[Tunc]] [[imitata]] [[ducem]] [[gens]] [[maxima]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.758-759.: '' ducis exemplum eventumque secuti/ Maeonidae incurrunt. '' ‘Following their chief’s example and success, Maeonia’s sons attack.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-196.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
File:Europe500.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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|[[Saevior]] [[insurgit]] [[caedemque]] [[audacior]] [[auget]],
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 12.902: ''altior insurgens.'' . . ‘Rising to his height. . .’ Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 31: ''altior insurgens.''
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=caedemque audacior}}
|
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|[[Deicit]] [[obstantes]], [[fugientes]] [[proterit]] [[usque]],
|205
|
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' Praefatio 28: ''pellit fugatos, sauciatos proterit. '' ‘[He] drives off in flight those proud kings. . .or cuts them down.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[dum1|Dum]] [[caperet]] [[plenum]] [[belli]] [[sub]] [[sorte]] [[triumphum]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Belli sub sorte'': “in the outcome of the battle”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 474: ''belli sub sorte''. . . ‘By the luck of war. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Tum]] [[super1|super]] [[occisos]] [[ruit]] [[et]] [[spoliaverat]] [[omnes1|omnes]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[tandem]] [[ductor]] [[recavo]] [[vocat]] [[agmina]] [[cornu]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 7.513-514.: ''cornuque recurvo/ Tartaream intendit vocem. '' ‘On the twisted horn [she] strains her hellish voice.’ 3.239: '' dat signum specula Misenus ab alta/ aere cavo. '' ‘Misenus on his hollow brass gave the signal from his watch aloft.’ Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 422: ''recavo misceret labra palato''. ‘[She] beats the lips into the arched mouth.’ ''Aeneid'' 7.508: ''vocat agmina Tyrrhus''. ‘Tyrrhus summons his bands.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
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|[[Ac]] [[primus1|primus]] [[frontem]] [[festa]] [[cum2|cum]] [[fronde]] [[revinxit]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.71-72.: '' ‘. . .cingite tempora ramis.’/ Sic fatus velat materna tempora myrto./ hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes/ hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. '' ‘ “. . .Weathe your brows with leaves.” So speaking, he crowns his brows with his mother’s myrtle. Thus does Helymus, thus Acestes, ripe of years, thus the boy Ascanius, the rest of the youth following.’ 7.614: ''sequitur tum cetera pubes''. ‘Then the rest of the warriors take up the cry.’ 4.459: ''velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum. . .'' ‘Wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Victrici]] [[lauro]] [[cingens]] [[sua1|sua]] [[timpora]] [[vulgo]],
|210
|{{Commentary|''Timpora'' equiv. to ''tempora''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.71-72.: '' ‘. . .cingite tempora ramis.’/ Sic fatus velat materna tempora myrto./ hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes/ hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. '' ‘ “. . .Weathe your brows with leaves.” So speaking, he crowns his brows with his mother’s myrtle. Thus does Helymus, thus Acestes, ripe of years, thus the boy Ascanius, the rest of the youth following.’ 7.614: ''sequitur tum cetera pubes''. ‘Then the rest of the warriors take up the cry.’ 4.459: ''velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum. . .'' ‘Wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 5.539: ''cingit viridanti tempora lauro.'' ‘He binds his brows with green laurel.’ Virgil, ''Eclogue'' 8.12-13.: ''hanc sine tempora circum/ inter victricis hederam tibi serpere lauros.'' ‘Grant that, amid the conqueror’s laurels, this ivy may creep about your brows.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The laurels mentioned here are likely a Classical reference, rather than a literal reward. The bay laurel, from which laurel wreaths are typically made, is a Mediterranean plant, and it would have a hard time surviving in most of modern-day Germany. Even then, the plant (or its leaves) would have had to be imported. Since it is unlikely that the laurels would have been practical, this is likely just another example of the Waltharius poet drawing on Classical tropes. -AE}}
|-
|[[post1|Post]] [[hunc2|hunc]] [[signiferi]], [[sequitur]] [[quos]] [[cetera]] [[pubes]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Iamque]] [[triumphali]] [[redierunt]] [[stemmate1|stemmate]] [[compti]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[patriam]] [[ingressi]] [[propria]] [[se5|se]] [[quisque1|quisque]] [[locavit]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=patriam ingressi}}
|
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|[[sed1|Sed]]e, [[sed1|sed]] [[ad]] [[solium1|solium]] [[mox]] [[Waltharius]] [[properavit]].
|
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|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|In his Germania, Tacitus wrote that Germanic towns and dwellings were famously spread out (Chapter 16). Of course, Walther and these soldiers supposedly live three centuries later, and the soldiers are Huns, not Germans, but the way the men scatter here seems reminiscent of that passage. If so, this is an example of the poet giving characteristically German traits to Attila and his people. -AE}}
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius142|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** '''Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)'''
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
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|[[Waltharius215|next »]]
|[[Waltharius170English|English]]
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|}

Waltharius170

2009-12-12T00:15:56Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214) */

===Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)===
{|
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|[[Venerat]] [[interea1|interea]] [[satrapae]] [[certissima]] [[fama]]
|170
|{{Commentary|''Satrapae'' equiv. to ''Attilae''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Quandam]], [[quae4|quae]] [[nuper]] [[superata]], [[resistere]] [[gentem]]
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|{{Commentary|''Quandam…gentem'': since the sudden rebellion is merely a crude plot device, the precise identity of the people is unimportant.
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
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|[[bellum]] [[Hunis1|Hunis]] [[confestim]] [[inferre]] [[paratam]].
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|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=confestim inferre|hiatus=bellum Hunis}}
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|[[Tunc]] [[ad]] [[Waltharium]] [[convertitur]] [[actio]] [[rerum]].
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|{{Commentary|''Action rerum'': “the leadership of the expedition”
}}
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|[[qui3|Qui]] [[mox]] [[militiam]] [[percensuit]] [[ordine]] [[totam]]
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|[[Et]] [[bellatorum]] [[confortat]] [[corda]] [[suorum]],
|175
|{{Commentary|''Confortat'' equiv. to ''confirmat''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Regum II'' 11.25: ''conforta bellatores.'' ‘Encourage thy warriors.’ ''Liber Genesis'' 18.5: ''confortate cor vestrum.'' ‘Strengthen ye your heart.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Hortans]] [[praeteritos]] [[semper]] [[memorare]] [[triumphos]]
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|[[Promittensque]] [[istos]] [[solita]] [[virtute]] [[tyrannos]]
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|{{Commentary|''Tyrannos'' equiv. to ''rebelles'' (here)
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 155-156.: '' ‘vicimus,’ inquit,/ ‘exultans Vitium solita virtute.’ '' ‘ “We have overcome,” he said, “a proud Vice with our wonted virtue.” ’ ''Aeneid'' 11.415: ''quamquam o si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset! '' ‘If only we had any of our wonted valour!’'' ''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promittensque istos}}
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|[[Sternere]] [[et]] [[externis]] [[terrorem]] [[imponere]] [[terris]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=sternere et; terrorem imponere}}
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|[[Nec]] [[mora]], [[consurgit]] [[sequiturque]] [[exercitus]] [[omnis1|omnis]].
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.597-598.: ''At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat,/ Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis/ compositi numero in turmas''. ‘But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted array, marshalled by number into squadrons.’
 ''Liber Iosue'' 8.3: ''surrexit Iosue et omnis exercitus bellatorum cum eo''. ‘And Josue arose, and all the army of the fighting men with him.’ ''Aeineid'' 2.415: ''exercitus omnis. . .'' ‘The whole host. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=sequiturque exercitus}}
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|[[Ecce]] [[locum]] [[pugnae]] [[conspexerat]] [[et]] [[numeratam]]
|180
|{{Commentary|The description of the battle that follows reworks a scene from the ''Aeneid'' (11.597 ff.) while attempting some limited level of verisimilitude in its depiction of medieval warfare. The warriors fight on horseback (a practice adopted by the Franks in Carolingian times), first with arrows and javelins from afar (the practice of the Hungarian Avars), and then in hand-to-hand combat with swords (not found in the scene from the ''Aeneid'').
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.597-598.: ''At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat,/ Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis/ compositi numero in turmas''. ‘But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted array, marshalled by number into squadrons.’
 ''Aeneid'' 11.599: ''compositi numero in turmas''. . . ‘Marshalled by number into squadrons. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The battle here is reminiscent of the battles in the Aeneid (like that at 11.597), but some features distinguish it as medieval. For instance, they fight on horseback, which is a Carolingian innovation. -AE}}
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|[[Per]] [[latos]] [[aciem]] [[campos]] [[digessit]] [[et]] [[agros]].
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.599: ''compositi numero in turmas''. . . ‘Marshalled by number into squadrons. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 10.407-408.: ''extenditur una/ horrida per latos acies Volcania campos''. ‘Vulcan’s bristling battleline spreads unbroken over the broad fields.’ 11.601-602.: ''tum late ferreus hastis/ horret ager campique armis sublimibus ardent.'' ‘Far and wide the field bristles with the steel of spears, and the plains are ablaze with raised weapons.’
}}
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|[[Iamque]] [[infra]] [[iactum]] [[teli]] [[congressus]] [[uterque]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.608-609.: ''iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque/ substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore.'' ‘And now in its advance each army had halted within a spear cast of the other; with a sudden shout they dash forth.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=iamque in}}
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|[[Constiterat]] [[cuneus]]: [[tunc]] [[undique]] [[clamor]] [[ad]] [[auras]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.608-609.: ''iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque/ substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore.'' ‘And now in its advance each army had halted within a spear cast of the other; with a sudden shout they dash forth.’
 ''Aeneid'' 9.566-567. ''undique clamor/ tollitur''. ‘On all sides a shout goes up.’ 2.699: ''se tollit ad auras. '' ‘He raises himself to the airs.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[Tollitur]], [[horrendam]] [[confundunt]] [[classica]] [[vocem]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.566-567. ''undique clamor/ tollitur''. ‘On all sides a shout goes up.’ 2.699: ''se tollit ad auras. '' ‘He raises himself to the airs.’
 ''Aeneid'' 7.637: ''classica iamque sonant''. ‘And now the clarion sounds.’ 9.731-732.: ''arma/ horrendum sonuere.'' ‘His armour rang terribly.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[Continuoque]] [[hastae]] [[volitant]] [[hinc]] [[indeque1|indeque]] [[densae]].
|185
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''continuo''. . . ‘At once. . .’ 11.610-611.: ''fundunt simul undique tela/ crebra nivis ritu''. ‘Together from all sides they shower weapons as thick as snowflakes.’ 12.408-409.: ''spicula castris/ densa cadunt mediis''. ‘Shafts fall thick in the middle of the camp.’ ''Georgics'' 2.142: ''galeis densisque virum seges horruit hastis''. ‘The fields bristled with the helms and serried lances of warriors.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=H-ELISION: continuoque hastae}}
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|[[Fraxinus]] [[et]] [[cornus]] [[ludum]] [[miscebat]] [[in]] [[unum]],
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|{{Commentary|''Fraxinus et cornus'': by metonymy, the wooden spears.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.698: ''volat Itala cornus''. ‘The Italian cornel shaft flies.’ 12.267: ''sonitum dat stridula cornus''. ‘The whistling cornel shaft sings.’ 12.714: ''fors et virtus miscentur in unum.'' ‘Chance and valour blend in one.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[Fulminis]] [[inque]] [[modum]] [[cuspis]] [[vibrata]] [[micabat]].
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|{{Commentary|''In modum'' equiv. to ''instar''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.615-616.: ''excussus Aconteus/ fulminis in morem''. . .''praecipitat longe''. ‘Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[Ac]] [[veluti]] [[boreae]] [[sub]] [[tempore]] [[nix]] [[glomerata]]
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|{{Comment|The metaphor here suggests that both the poet and his expected audience were familiar with snow. Indeed, it suggests that they had experienced snowstorms, not simply seen snow on faraway mountaintops. In contrast, the only appearance of snow in the Aeneid is in line 4.238. Mercury is flying to Carthage, and on the way there he sees Atlas, whose shoulders are snow-covered. -AE}}
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|[[Spargitur]], [[haud]] [[aliter]] [[saevas]] [[iecere]] [[sagittas]].
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|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[postremum1|Postremum]] [[cunctis1|cunctis]] [[utroque]] [[ex]] [[agmine]] [[pilis]]
|190
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=utroque ex}}
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|[[absumptis1|Absumptis]] [[manus]] [[ad]] [[mucronem]] [[vertitur]] [[omnis]]:
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|{{Parallel|Prudentius'' Psychomachia'' 137: ''vertitur ad capulum manus''. ‘Her ruthless hand turned to her sword-hilt.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[Fulmineos]] [[promunt]] [[enses]] [[clipeosque]] [[revolvunt]],
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|{{Commentary|''Clipeosque revolvunt'': variously explained. The warriors are either throwing back their shields or taking them up again having already done so, in preparation for combat (cf. ''restaurant'' in the following line).
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.579-580.: ''vaginaque eripit ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘He snatches his flashing sword from its sheath.’ 9.441-442.: ''instat non setius ac rotat ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘Onward none the less he presses, whirling his lightning blade.’
}}
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|[[Concurrunt]] [[acies1|acies]] [[demum]] [[pugnamque]] [[restaurant]].
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[Pectoribus]] [[partim]] [[rumpuntur]] [[pectora1|pectora]] [[equorum]],
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|{{Commentary|The thought of this line parallels that of the next: some of both the horses and the men were killed merely by being crushed against one another while armed in the stampede of battle.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=pectora equorum}}
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|[[Sternitur]] [[et]] [[quaedam]] [[pars]] [[duro]] [[umbone]] [[virorum]].
|195
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|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 255-256.: ''hostem humilem cupiens inpulsu umbonis equini/ sternere. . .'' ‘Eager to upset her lowly enemy with the shock of her horse-hide shield. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=duro umbone}}
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|[[Waltharius]] [[tamen]] [[in]] [[medio1|medio]] [[furit]] [[agmine]] [[bello]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 11.762: ''qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo''. . . ‘Wherever the maiden rides among the ranks in her fury. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-196.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
</gallery>}}
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|[[Obvia]] [[quaeque1|quaeque]] [[metens]] [[armis]] [[ac]] [[limite]] [[pergens]].
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 11.762: ''qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo''. . . ‘Wherever the maiden rides among the ranks in her fury. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 10.513-514.: ''proxima quaeque metit gladio latumque per agmen/ ardens limitem agit ferro''. . . ‘With the sword he mows down all the nearest ranks, and fiercely drives a broad path through the host with the steel. . .’
}}
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|[[hunc2|Hunc]] [[ubi]] [[conspiciunt]] [[hostes1|hostes]] [[tantas]] [[dare]] [[strages]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.783-784.: ''unus homo et vestris, o cives, undique saeptus/ aggeribus tantas strages. . .ediderit? '' ‘My countrymen, shall one man, hemmed in on every side by your ramparts, deal such carnage?’ ''Georgics ''3.246-247.: ''nec funera vulgo/ tam multa informes ursi stragemque dedere''. ‘Never does the shapeless bear spread death and havoc so widely.’
}}
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|[[Ac]] [[si]] [[praesentem]] [[metuebant]] [[cernere]] [[mortem]],
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|{{Commentary|''Ac si'': qualifying ''praesentem'', not beginning a clause.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.91: ''praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.'' ‘All forebodes the sailors’ instant death.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[Et]] [[quemcunque]] [[locum]], [[seu]] [[dextram]] [[sive]] [[sinistram]],
|200
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.563: ''laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit''. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’
}}
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|[[Waltharius]] [[peteret]], [[cuncti1|cuncti]] [[mox]] [[terga]] [[dederunt]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.563: ''laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit''. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’
 ''Aeneid'' 9.686: ''agminibus totis qut versi terga dedere.'' ‘With all their columns [they] are routed and turn to flight.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[Et]] [[versis]] [[scutis]] [[laxisque]] [[feruntur]] [[habenis]].
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|{{Commentary|''Versis scutis'': they put their shields on their backs to protect them as they flee.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.686: ''agminibus totis qut versi terga dedere.'' ‘With all their columns [they] are routed and turn to flight.’
 ''Aeneid'' 11.618-619.:'' versique Latini/ reiciunt parmas''. ‘The routed Latins cast their shields behind them.’ 11.623: ''hi fugiunt penitusque datis referuntur habenis'' ‘The others flee, and retreat far off with loosened rein.’ ''Georgics'' 2.364: ''palmes agit laxis per purum immisus habenis. . .'' ‘The shoot, speeding through the void with loosened reins. . .’ ''Aeneid'' 1.62-63.: ''qui foedere certo/ et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.'' ‘Who, under fixed covenant, should be skilled to tighten and loosen the reins at command.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[Tunc]] [[imitata]] [[ducem]] [[gens]] [[maxima]] [[Pannoniarum]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.758-759.: '' ducis exemplum eventumque secuti/ Maeonidae incurrunt. '' ‘Following their chief’s example and success, Maeonia’s sons attack.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-196.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
File:Europe500.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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|[[Saevior]] [[insurgit]] [[caedemque]] [[audacior]] [[auget]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 12.902: ''altior insurgens.'' . . ‘Rising to his height. . .’ Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 31: ''altior insurgens.''
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=caedemque audacior}}
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|[[Deicit]] [[obstantes]], [[fugientes]] [[proterit]] [[usque]],
|205
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|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' Praefatio 28: ''pellit fugatos, sauciatos proterit. '' ‘[He] drives off in flight those proud kings. . .or cuts them down.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
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|[[dum1|Dum]] [[caperet]] [[plenum]] [[belli]] [[sub]] [[sorte]] [[triumphum]].
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|{{Commentary|''Belli sub sorte'': “in the outcome of the battle”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 474: ''belli sub sorte''. . . ‘By the luck of war. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Tum]] [[super1|super]] [[occisos]] [[ruit]] [[et]] [[spoliaverat]] [[omnes1|omnes]].
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|[[Et]] [[tandem]] [[ductor]] [[recavo]] [[vocat]] [[agmina]] [[cornu]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 7.513-514.: ''cornuque recurvo/ Tartaream intendit vocem. '' ‘On the twisted horn [she] strains her hellish voice.’ 3.239: '' dat signum specula Misenus ab alta/ aere cavo. '' ‘Misenus on his hollow brass gave the signal from his watch aloft.’ Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 422: ''recavo misceret labra palato''. ‘[She] beats the lips into the arched mouth.’ ''Aeneid'' 7.508: ''vocat agmina Tyrrhus''. ‘Tyrrhus summons his bands.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
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|[[Ac]] [[primus1|primus]] [[frontem]] [[festa]] [[cum2|cum]] [[fronde]] [[revinxit]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.71-72.: '' ‘. . .cingite tempora ramis.’/ Sic fatus velat materna tempora myrto./ hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes/ hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. '' ‘ “. . .Weathe your brows with leaves.” So speaking, he crowns his brows with his mother’s myrtle. Thus does Helymus, thus Acestes, ripe of years, thus the boy Ascanius, the rest of the youth following.’ 7.614: ''sequitur tum cetera pubes''. ‘Then the rest of the warriors take up the cry.’ 4.459: ''velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum. . .'' ‘Wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Victrici]] [[lauro]] [[cingens]] [[sua1|sua]] [[timpora]] [[vulgo]],
|210
|{{Commentary|''Timpora'' equiv. to ''tempora''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.71-72.: '' ‘. . .cingite tempora ramis.’/ Sic fatus velat materna tempora myrto./ hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes/ hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. '' ‘ “. . .Weathe your brows with leaves.” So speaking, he crowns his brows with his mother’s myrtle. Thus does Helymus, thus Acestes, ripe of years, thus the boy Ascanius, the rest of the youth following.’ 7.614: ''sequitur tum cetera pubes''. ‘Then the rest of the warriors take up the cry.’ 4.459: ''velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum. . .'' ‘Wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 5.539: ''cingit viridanti tempora lauro.'' ‘He binds his brows with green laurel.’ Virgil, ''Eclogue'' 8.12-13.: ''hanc sine tempora circum/ inter victricis hederam tibi serpere lauros.'' ‘Grant that, amid the conqueror’s laurels, this ivy may creep about your brows.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The laurels mentioned here are likely a Classical reference, rather than a literal reward. The bay laurel, from which laurel wreaths are typically made, is a Mediterranean plant, and it would have a hard time surviving in most of modern-day Germany. Even then, the plant (or its leaves) would have had to be imported. Since it is unlikely that the laurels would have been practical, this is likely just another example of the Waltharius poet drawing on Classical tropes. -AE}}
|-
|[[post1|Post]] [[hunc2|hunc]] [[signiferi]], [[sequitur]] [[quos]] [[cetera]] [[pubes]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Iamque]] [[triumphali]] [[redierunt]] [[stemmate1|stemmate]] [[compti]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[patriam]] [[ingressi]] [[propria]] [[se5|se]] [[quisque1|quisque]] [[locavit]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=patriam ingressi}}
|
|-
|[[sed1|Sed]]e, [[sed1|sed]] [[ad]] [[solium1|solium]] [[mox]] [[Waltharius]] [[properavit]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|In his Germania, Tacitus wrote that Germanic towns and dwellings were famously spread out (Chapter 16). Of course, Walther and these soldiers supposedly live three centuries later, and the soldiers are Huns, not Germans, but the way the men scatter here seems reminiscent of that passage. If so, this is an example of the poet giving characteristically German traits to Attila and his people. -AE}}
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius142|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** '''Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)'''
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius215|next »]]
|[[Waltharius170English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius142

2009-12-11T21:19:17Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169) */

===Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)===
{|
|-
|[[Waltharius]] [[venit]], [[cui1|cui]] [[princeps]] [[talia2|talia]] [[pandit]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Ipse'': Waltharius, who begins speaking in line 146. (Attila’s repetition of his wife’s speech is elided.)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.179: ''remque ordine pando''. ‘I reveal all in order.’ 6.723: ''suscipit Anchises atque ordine singula pandit. '' ‘Anchises replies, and reveals each truth in order.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Uxorem]] [[suadens1|suadens]] [[sibi1|sibi]] [[ducere]]; [[sed1|sed]] [[tamen]] [[ipse]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Iam]] [[tum]] [[praemeditans]], [[quod]] [[post]] [[compleverat]] [[actis1|actis]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Quod'': obj. of ''praemeditans''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 21.14: ''non praemeditari quemadmodum respondeatis''. ‘Do not meditate before how you should answer.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[his1|His]] [[instiganti]] [[suggestibus]] [[obvius]] [[infit1|infit]]:
|145
|{{Commentary|''Suggestibus'' equiv. to ''consiliis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vestra]] [[quidem]] [[pietas]] [[est]], [[quod3|quod]] [[modici]] [[famulatus]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Modici famulatus'': genitive of description with ''causa'', meaning “of little importance” or “that has provided some small service.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Causam]] [[conspicitis]]. [[sed1|sed]] [[quod3|quod]] [[mea1|mea]] [[segnia]] [[mentis]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Causam'': here, as often in the ''Waltharius'', this word is practically the equivalent of ''res'' – well on its way to becoming French ''chose'', Italian/Spanish ''cosa'', “thing.” ''Mea segnia'': i.e., Waltharius’s delay in making a decision regarding marriage.
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Intuitu]] [[fertis]], [[numquam]] [[meruisse]] [[valerem]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Mentis intuitu fertis'' equiv. to ''attenditis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[sed1|Sed]] [[precor]], [[ut1|ut]] [[servi]] [[capiatis]] [[verba]] [[fidelis]]:
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nuptam]] [[accipiam]] [[domini]] [[praecepta]] [[secundum1|secundum]],
|150
|{{Commentary|''Secundum'': the post-positive preposition
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=nuptam accipiam}}
|
|-
|[[Vinciar]] [[in]] [[primis]] [[curis]] [[et]] [[amore]] [[puellae]]
|
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|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[A]]tque [[a]] [[servitio]] [[regis]] [[plerumque]] [[retardor]]:
|
|{{Commentary|''Retardor'': Like ''cogor'' and ''moratur'' below, with a future sense.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=atque a}}
|
|-
|[[Aedificare]] [[domos]] [[cultumque]] [[intendere]] [[ruris]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=cultumque intendere}}
|
|-
|[[Cogor]], [[et]] [[hoc2|hoc]] [[oculis]] [[senioris]] [[adesse]] [[moratur]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[solitam]] [[regno]] [[Hunorum]] [[impendere]] [[curam]].
|155
|
|{{Parallel|''Georgics'' 2.433: ''et dubitant homines serere atque impendere curam?'' ‘And can men be slow to plant and bestow care?’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=Hunorum impendere|hiatus=regno Hunorum}}
|
|-
|[[Namque]] [[voluptatem]] [[quisquis]] [[gustaverit]], [[exin]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Intolerabilius]] [[consuevit]] [[ferre]] [[labores]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Intolerabilius'': here active in sense, “with less tolerance.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nil2|Nil]] [[tam]] [[dulce]] [[mihi]], [[quam]] [[semper]] [[inesse]] [[fideli]]
|
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|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|This is a particularly acute manifestation of the Germanic warrior ethos – love for the lord above all else. However, since the audience knows Walther is promised to Hildegund, and we will soon see them plotting together against Attila, it has the ring of irony. -AE}}
|-
|[[Obsequio]] [[domini]]; [[quare]] [[precor1|precor]] [[absque]] [[iugali]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The language here echoes Aeneid 4.16, which reads, “ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali….” Dido says this to her sister Anna, talking about how she might fall for Aeneas if only she had not decided to avoid “nuptial chains.” Dido goes on to fall for Aeneas, just as Walther, despite what he says, will go on to marry Hildegund. The other parallel, which will return later in the poem, is between Attila and Dido, who are the ones the hero leaves behind. -AE}}
|-
|[[me1|Me]] [[vinclo]] [[permitte]] [[me1|me]]am [[iam]] [[ducere]] [[vitam]].
|160
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
 ''Aeineid'' 3.315: ''vitamque extrema per omnia duco''. ‘I drag on my life through all extremes.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[sero]] [[aut]] [[medio1|medio]] [[noctis]] [[mihi]] [[tempore]] [[mandas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Marcum'' 13.35: ''sero an media nocte''. . . ‘At evening or at midnight. . .’'' Aeineid'' 8.407: ''medio noctis.'' . . ‘In the middle of the night. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS|elision=sero aut}}
|{{Comment|The phrase "sero aut medio noctis" also appears in the Gospel of Mark, when Christ tells the parable of the faithful servant, who keeps watch because he does not know at what hour his lord will return. This parable is a metaphor for the return of Christ. In using this language, the Waltharius poet reminds his readers that Walther is a Christian, just as he does in lines [[Waltharius215|225]], when Walther blesses the goblet, and in [[Waltharius1130|1161]], when Walther prays to his Creator. -AE}}
|-
|[[Ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[iubes]], [[securus]] [[et]] [[ibo]] [[paratus]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[bellis]] [[nullae]] [[persuadent]] [[cedere]] [[curae]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[nati]] [[aut]] [[coniunx]] [[retrahentque]] [[fugamque]] [[movebunt]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS|elision=nati aut}}
|
|-
|[[Testor]] [[per]] [[propriam]] [[temet1|temet]], [[pater1|pater]] [[optime]], [[vitam]]
|165
|{{Commentary|''Testor'': here construed like ''precor'' with a purpose clause, joining an oath to an earnest request.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.599-600.: ''per sidera testor,/ per superos atque hoc caeli spirabile lumen,/ tollite me. '' ‘By the stars I beseech you, by the gods above and this lightsome air we breathe, take me.’ 1.555: ''pater optime. . . '' ‘Noble father. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|It is strange that Walther refers to Attila as pater here. However, Attila may mean "little father" in Old Turkic, which was possibly the language of the Huns. For a full discussion of Attila's name, see Otto Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns: Studies in their history and culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), chapter 4. The phrase pater optime also appears in Aeneid 1.555, where it seems to refer to Jupiter. -AE}}
|-
|[[Atque]] [[per]] [[invictam]] [[nunc]] [[gentem]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Nunc'': an ironic touch? (Cf. line 144)
}}
|
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ut1|Ut]] [[non]] [[ulterius1|ulterius]] [[me1|me]] [[cogas]] [[sumere]] [[taedas]].'
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[His]] [[precibus]] [[victus]] [[suasus]] [[rex]] [[deserit]] [[omnes1|omnes]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sperans]] [[Waltharium]] [[fugiendo]] [[recedere]] [[numquam]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius123|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** '''Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)'''
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius170|next »]]
|[[Waltharius142English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius142

2009-12-11T21:18:20Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169) */

===Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)===
{|
|-
|[[Waltharius]] [[venit]], [[cui1|cui]] [[princeps]] [[talia2|talia]] [[pandit]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Ipse'': Waltharius, who begins speaking in line 146. (Attila’s repetition of his wife’s speech is elided.)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.179: ''remque ordine pando''. ‘I reveal all in order.’ 6.723: ''suscipit Anchises atque ordine singula pandit. '' ‘Anchises replies, and reveals each truth in order.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Uxorem]] [[suadens1|suadens]] [[sibi1|sibi]] [[ducere]]; [[sed1|sed]] [[tamen]] [[ipse]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Iam]] [[tum]] [[praemeditans]], [[quod]] [[post]] [[compleverat]] [[actis1|actis]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Quod'': obj. of ''praemeditans''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 21.14: ''non praemeditari quemadmodum respondeatis''. ‘Do not meditate before how you should answer.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[his1|His]] [[instiganti]] [[suggestibus]] [[obvius]] [[infit1|infit]]:
|145
|{{Commentary|''Suggestibus'' equiv. to ''consiliis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vestra]] [[quidem]] [[pietas]] [[est]], [[quod3|quod]] [[modici]] [[famulatus]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Modici famulatus'': genitive of description with ''causa'', meaning “of little importance” or “that has provided some small service.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Causam]] [[conspicitis]]. [[sed1|sed]] [[quod3|quod]] [[mea1|mea]] [[segnia]] [[mentis]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Causam'': here, as often in the ''Waltharius'', this word is practically the equivalent of ''res'' – well on its way to becoming French ''chose'', Italian/Spanish ''cosa'', “thing.” ''Mea segnia'': i.e., Waltharius’s delay in making a decision regarding marriage.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Intuitu]] [[fertis]], [[numquam]] [[meruisse]] [[valerem]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Mentis intuitu fertis'' equiv. to ''attenditis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[sed1|Sed]] [[precor]], [[ut1|ut]] [[servi]] [[capiatis]] [[verba]] [[fidelis]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nuptam]] [[accipiam]] [[domini]] [[praecepta]] [[secundum1|secundum]],
|150
|{{Commentary|''Secundum'': the post-positive preposition
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=nuptam accipiam}}
|
|-
|[[Vinciar]] [[in]] [[primis]] [[curis]] [[et]] [[amore]] [[puellae]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[A]]tque [[a]] [[servitio]] [[regis]] [[plerumque]] [[retardor]]:
|
|{{Commentary|''Retardor'': Like ''cogor'' and ''moratur'' below, with a future sense.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=atque a}}
|
|-
|[[Aedificare]] [[domos]] [[cultumque]] [[intendere]] [[ruris]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=cultumque intendere}}
|
|-
|[[Cogor]], [[et]] [[hoc2|hoc]] [[oculis]] [[senioris]] [[adesse]] [[moratur]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[solitam]] [[regno]] [[Hunorum]] [[impendere]] [[curam]].
|155
|
|{{Parallel|''Georgics'' 2.433: ''et dubitant homines serere atque impendere curam?'' ‘And can men be slow to plant and bestow care?’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=Hunorum impendere|hiatus=regno Hunorum}}
|
|-
|[[Namque]] [[voluptatem]] [[quisquis]] [[gustaverit]], [[exin]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Intolerabilius]] [[consuevit]] [[ferre]] [[labores]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Intolerabilius'': here active in sense, “with less tolerance.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nil2|Nil]] [[tam]] [[dulce]] [[mihi]], [[quam]] [[semper]] [[inesse]] [[fideli]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|This is a particularly acute manifestation of the Germanic warrior ethos – love for the lord above all else. However, since the audience knows Walther is promised to Hildegund, and we will soon see them plotting together against Attila, it has the ring of irony. -AE}}
|-
|[[Obsequio]] [[domini]]; [[quare]] [[precor1|precor]] [[absque]] [[iugali]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The language here echoes Aeneid 4.16, which reads, “ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali….” Dido says this to her sister Anna, talking about how she might fall for Aeneas if only she had not decided to avoid “nuptial chains.” Dido goes on to fall for Aeneas, just as Walther, despite what he says, will go on to marry Hildegund. The other parallel, which will return later in the poem, is between Attila and Dido, who are the ones the hero leaves behind. -AE}}
|-
|[[me1|Me]] [[vinclo]] [[permitte]] [[me1|me]]am [[iam]] [[ducere]] [[vitam]].
|160
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
 ''Aeineid'' 3.315: ''vitamque extrema per omnia duco''. ‘I drag on my life through all extremes.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[sero]] [[aut]] [[medio1|medio]] [[noctis]] [[mihi]] [[tempore]] [[mandas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Marcum'' 13.35: ''sero an media nocte''. . . ‘At evening or at midnight. . .’'' Aeineid'' 8.407: ''medio noctis.'' . . ‘In the middle of the night. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS|elision=sero aut}}
|{{Comment|The phrase "sero aut medio noctis" also appears in the Gospel of Mark, when Christ tells the parable of the faithful servant, who keeps watch because he does not know at what hour his lord will return. This parable is a metaphor for the return of Christ. In using this language, the Waltharius poet reminds his readers that Walther is a Christian, just as he does in lines [[Waltharius215|225]], when Walther blesses the goblet, and in [[Waltharius1130|1161]], when Walther prays to his Creator. -AE}}
|-
|[[Ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[iubes]], [[securus]] [[et]] [[ibo]] [[paratus]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[bellis]] [[nullae]] [[persuadent]] [[cedere]] [[curae]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[nati]] [[aut]] [[coniunx]] [[retrahentque]] [[fugamque]] [[movebunt]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS|elision=nati aut}}
|
|-
|[[Testor]] [[per]] [[propriam]] [[temet1|temet]], [[pater1|pater]] [[optime]], [[vitam]]
|165
|{{Commentary|''Testor'': here construed like ''precor'' with a purpose clause, joining an oath to an earnest request.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.599-600.: ''per sidera testor,/ per superos atque hoc caeli spirabile lumen,/ tollite me. '' ‘By the stars I beseech you, by the gods above and this lightsome air we breathe, take me.’ 1.555: ''pater optime. . . '' ‘Noble father. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|It is strange that Walther refers to Attila as pater here. However, Attila may mean "little father" in Old Turkic, which was possibly the language of the Huns. For a full discussion of Attila's name, see Otto Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns: Studies in their history and culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), chapter 4. The phrase pater optime also appears in Aeneid 1.555, where it seems to refer to Jupiter.}}
|-
|[[Atque]] [[per]] [[invictam]] [[nunc]] [[gentem]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Nunc'': an ironic touch? (Cf. line 144)
}}
|
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ut1|Ut]] [[non]] [[ulterius1|ulterius]] [[me1|me]] [[cogas]] [[sumere]] [[taedas]].'
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[His]] [[precibus]] [[victus]] [[suasus]] [[rex]] [[deserit]] [[omnes1|omnes]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sperans]] [[Waltharium]] [[fugiendo]] [[recedere]] [[numquam]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius123|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** '''Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)'''
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius170|next »]]
|[[Waltharius142English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius142

2009-12-11T21:17:54Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169) */

===Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)===
{|
|-
|[[Waltharius]] [[venit]], [[cui1|cui]] [[princeps]] [[talia2|talia]] [[pandit]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Ipse'': Waltharius, who begins speaking in line 146. (Attila’s repetition of his wife’s speech is elided.)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.179: ''remque ordine pando''. ‘I reveal all in order.’ 6.723: ''suscipit Anchises atque ordine singula pandit. '' ‘Anchises replies, and reveals each truth in order.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Uxorem]] [[suadens1|suadens]] [[sibi1|sibi]] [[ducere]]; [[sed1|sed]] [[tamen]] [[ipse]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Iam]] [[tum]] [[praemeditans]], [[quod]] [[post]] [[compleverat]] [[actis1|actis]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Quod'': obj. of ''praemeditans''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 21.14: ''non praemeditari quemadmodum respondeatis''. ‘Do not meditate before how you should answer.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[his1|His]] [[instiganti]] [[suggestibus]] [[obvius]] [[infit1|infit]]:
|145
|{{Commentary|''Suggestibus'' equiv. to ''consiliis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vestra]] [[quidem]] [[pietas]] [[est]], [[quod3|quod]] [[modici]] [[famulatus]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Modici famulatus'': genitive of description with ''causa'', meaning “of little importance” or “that has provided some small service.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Causam]] [[conspicitis]]. [[sed1|sed]] [[quod3|quod]] [[mea1|mea]] [[segnia]] [[mentis]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Causam'': here, as often in the ''Waltharius'', this word is practically the equivalent of ''res'' – well on its way to becoming French ''chose'', Italian/Spanish ''cosa'', “thing.” ''Mea segnia'': i.e., Waltharius’s delay in making a decision regarding marriage.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Intuitu]] [[fertis]], [[numquam]] [[meruisse]] [[valerem]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Mentis intuitu fertis'' equiv. to ''attenditis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[sed1|Sed]] [[precor]], [[ut1|ut]] [[servi]] [[capiatis]] [[verba]] [[fidelis]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nuptam]] [[accipiam]] [[domini]] [[praecepta]] [[secundum1|secundum]],
|150
|{{Commentary|''Secundum'': the post-positive preposition
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=nuptam accipiam}}
|
|-
|[[Vinciar]] [[in]] [[primis]] [[curis]] [[et]] [[amore]] [[puellae]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[A]]tque [[a]] [[servitio]] [[regis]] [[plerumque]] [[retardor]]:
|
|{{Commentary|''Retardor'': Like ''cogor'' and ''moratur'' below, with a future sense.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=atque a}}
|
|-
|[[Aedificare]] [[domos]] [[cultumque]] [[intendere]] [[ruris]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=cultumque intendere}}
|
|-
|[[Cogor]], [[et]] [[hoc2|hoc]] [[oculis]] [[senioris]] [[adesse]] [[moratur]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[solitam]] [[regno]] [[Hunorum]] [[impendere]] [[curam]].
|155
|
|{{Parallel|''Georgics'' 2.433: ''et dubitant homines serere atque impendere curam?'' ‘And can men be slow to plant and bestow care?’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=Hunorum impendere|hiatus=regno Hunorum}}
|
|-
|[[Namque]] [[voluptatem]] [[quisquis]] [[gustaverit]], [[exin]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Intolerabilius]] [[consuevit]] [[ferre]] [[labores]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Intolerabilius'': here active in sense, “with less tolerance.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nil2|Nil]] [[tam]] [[dulce]] [[mihi]], [[quam]] [[semper]] [[inesse]] [[fideli]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|This is a particularly acute manifestation of the Germanic warrior ethos – love for the lord above all else. However, since the audience knows Walther is promised to Hildegund, and we will soon see them plotting together against Attila, it has the ring of irony. -AE}}
|-
|[[Obsequio]] [[domini]]; [[quare]] [[precor1|precor]] [[absque]] [[iugali]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The language here echoes Aeneid 4.16, which reads, “ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali….” Dido says this to her sister Anna, talking about how she might fall for Aeneas if only she had not decided to avoid “nuptial chains.” Dido goes on to fall for Aeneas, just as Walther, despite what he says, will go on to marry Hildegund. The other parallel, which will return later in the poem, is between Attila and Dido, who are the ones the hero leaves behind. -AE}}
|-
|[[me1|Me]] [[vinclo]] [[permitte]] [[me1|me]]am [[iam]] [[ducere]] [[vitam]].
|160
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
 ''Aeineid'' 3.315: ''vitamque extrema per omnia duco''. ‘I drag on my life through all extremes.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[sero]] [[aut]] [[medio1|medio]] [[noctis]] [[mihi]] [[tempore]] [[mandas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Marcum'' 13.35: ''sero an media nocte''. . . ‘At evening or at midnight. . .’'' Aeineid'' 8.407: ''medio noctis.'' . . ‘In the middle of the night. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS|elision=sero aut}}
|{{Comment|The phrase "sero aut medio noctis" also appears in the Gospel of Mark, when Christ tells the parable of the faithful servant, who keeps watch because he does not know at what hour his lord will return. This parable is a metaphor for the return of Christ. In using this language, the Waltharius poet reminds his readers that Walther is a Christian, just as he does in lines [[Waltharius215|225]], when Walther blesses the goblet, and in [[Waltharius1130|1161]], when Walther prays to his Creator.}}
|-
|[[Ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[iubes]], [[securus]] [[et]] [[ibo]] [[paratus]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[bellis]] [[nullae]] [[persuadent]] [[cedere]] [[curae]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[nati]] [[aut]] [[coniunx]] [[retrahentque]] [[fugamque]] [[movebunt]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS|elision=nati aut}}
|
|-
|[[Testor]] [[per]] [[propriam]] [[temet1|temet]], [[pater1|pater]] [[optime]], [[vitam]]
|165
|{{Commentary|''Testor'': here construed like ''precor'' with a purpose clause, joining an oath to an earnest request.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.599-600.: ''per sidera testor,/ per superos atque hoc caeli spirabile lumen,/ tollite me. '' ‘By the stars I beseech you, by the gods above and this lightsome air we breathe, take me.’ 1.555: ''pater optime. . . '' ‘Noble father. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|It is strange that Walther refers to Attila as pater here. However, Attila may mean "little father" in Old Turkic, which was possibly the language of the Huns. For a full discussion of Attila's name, see Otto Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns: Studies in their history and culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), chapter 4. The phrase pater optime also appears in Aeneid 1.555, where it seems to refer to Jupiter.}}
|-
|[[Atque]] [[per]] [[invictam]] [[nunc]] [[gentem]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Nunc'': an ironic touch? (Cf. line 144)
}}
|
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ut1|Ut]] [[non]] [[ulterius1|ulterius]] [[me1|me]] [[cogas]] [[sumere]] [[taedas]].'
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[His]] [[precibus]] [[victus]] [[suasus]] [[rex]] [[deserit]] [[omnes1|omnes]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sperans]] [[Waltharium]] [[fugiendo]] [[recedere]] [[numquam]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius123|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** '''Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)'''
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius170|next »]]
|[[Waltharius142English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius142

2009-12-11T21:17:27Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169) */

===Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)===
{|
|-
|[[Waltharius]] [[venit]], [[cui1|cui]] [[princeps]] [[talia2|talia]] [[pandit]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Ipse'': Waltharius, who begins speaking in line 146. (Attila’s repetition of his wife’s speech is elided.)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.179: ''remque ordine pando''. ‘I reveal all in order.’ 6.723: ''suscipit Anchises atque ordine singula pandit. '' ‘Anchises replies, and reveals each truth in order.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Uxorem]] [[suadens1|suadens]] [[sibi1|sibi]] [[ducere]]; [[sed1|sed]] [[tamen]] [[ipse]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Iam]] [[tum]] [[praemeditans]], [[quod]] [[post]] [[compleverat]] [[actis1|actis]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Quod'': obj. of ''praemeditans''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 21.14: ''non praemeditari quemadmodum respondeatis''. ‘Do not meditate before how you should answer.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[his1|His]] [[instiganti]] [[suggestibus]] [[obvius]] [[infit1|infit]]:
|145
|{{Commentary|''Suggestibus'' equiv. to ''consiliis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vestra]] [[quidem]] [[pietas]] [[est]], [[quod3|quod]] [[modici]] [[famulatus]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Modici famulatus'': genitive of description with ''causa'', meaning “of little importance” or “that has provided some small service.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Causam]] [[conspicitis]]. [[sed1|sed]] [[quod3|quod]] [[mea1|mea]] [[segnia]] [[mentis]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Causam'': here, as often in the ''Waltharius'', this word is practically the equivalent of ''res'' – well on its way to becoming French ''chose'', Italian/Spanish ''cosa'', “thing.” ''Mea segnia'': i.e., Waltharius’s delay in making a decision regarding marriage.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
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|[[Intuitu]] [[fertis]], [[numquam]] [[meruisse]] [[valerem]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Mentis intuitu fertis'' equiv. to ''attenditis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[sed1|Sed]] [[precor]], [[ut1|ut]] [[servi]] [[capiatis]] [[verba]] [[fidelis]]:
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nuptam]] [[accipiam]] [[domini]] [[praecepta]] [[secundum1|secundum]],
|150
|{{Commentary|''Secundum'': the post-positive preposition
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=nuptam accipiam}}
|
|-
|[[Vinciar]] [[in]] [[primis]] [[curis]] [[et]] [[amore]] [[puellae]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[A]]tque [[a]] [[servitio]] [[regis]] [[plerumque]] [[retardor]]:
|
|{{Commentary|''Retardor'': Like ''cogor'' and ''moratur'' below, with a future sense.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=atque a}}
|
|-
|[[Aedificare]] [[domos]] [[cultumque]] [[intendere]] [[ruris]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=cultumque intendere}}
|
|-
|[[Cogor]], [[et]] [[hoc2|hoc]] [[oculis]] [[senioris]] [[adesse]] [[moratur]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[solitam]] [[regno]] [[Hunorum]] [[impendere]] [[curam]].
|155
|
|{{Parallel|''Georgics'' 2.433: ''et dubitant homines serere atque impendere curam?'' ‘And can men be slow to plant and bestow care?’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=Hunorum impendere|hiatus=regno Hunorum}}
|
|-
|[[Namque]] [[voluptatem]] [[quisquis]] [[gustaverit]], [[exin]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Intolerabilius]] [[consuevit]] [[ferre]] [[labores]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Intolerabilius'': here active in sense, “with less tolerance.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nil2|Nil]] [[tam]] [[dulce]] [[mihi]], [[quam]] [[semper]] [[inesse]] [[fideli]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|This is a particularly acute manifestation of the Germanic warrior ethos – love for the lord above all else. However, since the audience knows Walther is promised to Hildegund, and we will soon see them plotting together against Attila, it has the ring of irony. -AE}}
|-
|[[Obsequio]] [[domini]]; [[quare]] [[precor1|precor]] [[absque]] [[iugali]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The language here echoes Aeneid 4.16, which reads, “ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali….” Dido says this to her sister Anna, talking about how she might fall for Aeneas if only she had not decided to avoid “nuptial chains.” Dido goes on to fall for Aeneas, just as Walther, despite what he says, will go on to marry Hildegund. The other parallel, which will return later in the poem, is between Attila and Dido, who are the ones the hero leaves behind. -AE}}
|-
|[[me1|Me]] [[vinclo]] [[permitte]] [[me1|me]]am [[iam]] [[ducere]] [[vitam]].
|160
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
 ''Aeineid'' 3.315: ''vitamque extrema per omnia duco''. ‘I drag on my life through all extremes.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[sero]] [[aut]] [[medio1|medio]] [[noctis]] [[mihi]] [[tempore]] [[mandas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Marcum'' 13.35: ''sero an media nocte''. . . ‘At evening or at midnight. . .’'' Aeineid'' 8.407: ''medio noctis.'' . . ‘In the middle of the night. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS|elision=sero aut}}
|{{Comment|The phrase "sero aut medio noctis" also appears in the Gospel of Mark, when Christ tells the parable of the faithful servant, who keeps watch because he does not know at what hour his lord will return. This parable is a metaphor for the return of Christ. In using this language, the Waltharius poet reminds his readers that Walther is a Christian, just as he does in lines [[Waltharius215|225}}, when Walther blesses the goblet, and in [[Waltharius1130|1161]], when Walther prays to his Creator.}}
|-
|[[Ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[iubes]], [[securus]] [[et]] [[ibo]] [[paratus]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[bellis]] [[nullae]] [[persuadent]] [[cedere]] [[curae]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[nati]] [[aut]] [[coniunx]] [[retrahentque]] [[fugamque]] [[movebunt]].
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS|elision=nati aut}}
|
|-
|[[Testor]] [[per]] [[propriam]] [[temet1|temet]], [[pater1|pater]] [[optime]], [[vitam]]
|165
|{{Commentary|''Testor'': here construed like ''precor'' with a purpose clause, joining an oath to an earnest request.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.599-600.: ''per sidera testor,/ per superos atque hoc caeli spirabile lumen,/ tollite me. '' ‘By the stars I beseech you, by the gods above and this lightsome air we breathe, take me.’ 1.555: ''pater optime. . . '' ‘Noble father. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|It is strange that Walther refers to Attila as pater here. However, Attila may mean "little father" in Old Turkic, which was possibly the language of the Huns. For a full discussion of Attila's name, see Otto Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns: Studies in their history and culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), chapter 4. The phrase pater optime also appears in Aeneid 1.555, where it seems to refer to Jupiter.}}
|-
|[[Atque]] [[per]] [[invictam]] [[nunc]] [[gentem]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Nunc'': an ironic touch? (Cf. line 144)
}}
|
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ut1|Ut]] [[non]] [[ulterius1|ulterius]] [[me1|me]] [[cogas]] [[sumere]] [[taedas]].'
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[His]] [[precibus]] [[victus]] [[suasus]] [[rex]] [[deserit]] [[omnes1|omnes]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sperans]] [[Waltharium]] [[fugiendo]] [[recedere]] [[numquam]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius123|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** '''Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)'''
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius170|next »]]
|[[Waltharius142English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius142

2009-12-11T21:16:29Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169) */

===Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)===
{|
|-
|[[Waltharius]] [[venit]], [[cui1|cui]] [[princeps]] [[talia2|talia]] [[pandit]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Ipse'': Waltharius, who begins speaking in line 146. (Attila’s repetition of his wife’s speech is elided.)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.179: ''remque ordine pando''. ‘I reveal all in order.’ 6.723: ''suscipit Anchises atque ordine singula pandit. '' ‘Anchises replies, and reveals each truth in order.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Uxorem]] [[suadens1|suadens]] [[sibi1|sibi]] [[ducere]]; [[sed1|sed]] [[tamen]] [[ipse]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Iam]] [[tum]] [[praemeditans]], [[quod]] [[post]] [[compleverat]] [[actis1|actis]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Quod'': obj. of ''praemeditans''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 21.14: ''non praemeditari quemadmodum respondeatis''. ‘Do not meditate before how you should answer.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[his1|His]] [[instiganti]] [[suggestibus]] [[obvius]] [[infit1|infit]]:
|145
|{{Commentary|''Suggestibus'' equiv. to ''consiliis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vestra]] [[quidem]] [[pietas]] [[est]], [[quod3|quod]] [[modici]] [[famulatus]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Modici famulatus'': genitive of description with ''causa'', meaning “of little importance” or “that has provided some small service.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Causam]] [[conspicitis]]. [[sed1|sed]] [[quod3|quod]] [[mea1|mea]] [[segnia]] [[mentis]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Causam'': here, as often in the ''Waltharius'', this word is practically the equivalent of ''res'' – well on its way to becoming French ''chose'', Italian/Spanish ''cosa'', “thing.” ''Mea segnia'': i.e., Waltharius’s delay in making a decision regarding marriage.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Intuitu]] [[fertis]], [[numquam]] [[meruisse]] [[valerem]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Mentis intuitu fertis'' equiv. to ''attenditis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[sed1|Sed]] [[precor]], [[ut1|ut]] [[servi]] [[capiatis]] [[verba]] [[fidelis]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nuptam]] [[accipiam]] [[domini]] [[praecepta]] [[secundum1|secundum]],
|150
|{{Commentary|''Secundum'': the post-positive preposition
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=nuptam accipiam}}
|
|-
|[[Vinciar]] [[in]] [[primis]] [[curis]] [[et]] [[amore]] [[puellae]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[A]]tque [[a]] [[servitio]] [[regis]] [[plerumque]] [[retardor]]:
|
|{{Commentary|''Retardor'': Like ''cogor'' and ''moratur'' below, with a future sense.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=atque a}}
|
|-
|[[Aedificare]] [[domos]] [[cultumque]] [[intendere]] [[ruris]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=cultumque intendere}}
|
|-
|[[Cogor]], [[et]] [[hoc2|hoc]] [[oculis]] [[senioris]] [[adesse]] [[moratur]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[solitam]] [[regno]] [[Hunorum]] [[impendere]] [[curam]].
|155
|
|{{Parallel|''Georgics'' 2.433: ''et dubitant homines serere atque impendere curam?'' ‘And can men be slow to plant and bestow care?’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=Hunorum impendere|hiatus=regno Hunorum}}
|
|-
|[[Namque]] [[voluptatem]] [[quisquis]] [[gustaverit]], [[exin]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Intolerabilius]] [[consuevit]] [[ferre]] [[labores]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Intolerabilius'': here active in sense, “with less tolerance.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nil2|Nil]] [[tam]] [[dulce]] [[mihi]], [[quam]] [[semper]] [[inesse]] [[fideli]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|This is a particularly acute manifestation of the Germanic warrior ethos – love for the lord above all else. However, since the audience knows Walther is promised to Hildegund, and we will soon see them plotting together against Attila, it has the ring of irony. -AE}}
|-
|[[Obsequio]] [[domini]]; [[quare]] [[precor1|precor]] [[absque]] [[iugali]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The language here echoes Aeneid 4.16, which reads, “ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali….” Dido says this to her sister Anna, talking about how she might fall for Aeneas if only she had not decided to avoid “nuptial chains.” Dido goes on to fall for Aeneas, just as Walther, despite what he says, will go on to marry Hildegund. The other parallel, which will return later in the poem, is between Attila and Dido, who are the ones the hero leaves behind. -AE}}
|-
|[[me1|Me]] [[vinclo]] [[permitte]] [[me1|me]]am [[iam]] [[ducere]] [[vitam]].
|160
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
 ''Aeineid'' 3.315: ''vitamque extrema per omnia duco''. ‘I drag on my life through all extremes.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[sero]] [[aut]] [[medio1|medio]] [[noctis]] [[mihi]] [[tempore]] [[mandas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Marcum'' 13.35: ''sero an media nocte''. . . ‘At evening or at midnight. . .’'' Aeineid'' 8.407: ''medio noctis.'' . . ‘In the middle of the night. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS|elision=sero aut}}
|{{Comment|The phrase "sero aut medio noctis" also appears in the Gospel of Mark, when Christ tells the parable of the faithful servant, who keeps watch because he does not know at what hour his lord will return. This parable is a metaphor for the return of Christ. In using this language, the Waltharius poet reminds his readers that Walther is a Christian, just as he does in lines [[Waltharius215|225}}, when Walther blesses the goblet, and in {{Waltharius1130|1161]], when Walther prays to his Creator.}}
|-
|[[Ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[iubes]], [[securus]] [[et]] [[ibo]] [[paratus]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[bellis]] [[nullae]] [[persuadent]] [[cedere]] [[curae]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[nati]] [[aut]] [[coniunx]] [[retrahentque]] [[fugamque]] [[movebunt]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS|elision=nati aut}}
|
|-
|[[Testor]] [[per]] [[propriam]] [[temet1|temet]], [[pater1|pater]] [[optime]], [[vitam]]
|165
|{{Commentary|''Testor'': here construed like ''precor'' with a purpose clause, joining an oath to an earnest request.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.599-600.: ''per sidera testor,/ per superos atque hoc caeli spirabile lumen,/ tollite me. '' ‘By the stars I beseech you, by the gods above and this lightsome air we breathe, take me.’ 1.555: ''pater optime. . . '' ‘Noble father. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|It is strange that Walther refers to Attila as pater here. However, Attila may mean "little father" in Old Turkic, which was possibly the language of the Huns. For a full discussion of Attila's name, see Otto Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns: Studies in their history and culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), chapter 4. The phrase pater optime also appears in Aeneid 1.555, where it seems to refer to Jupiter.}}
|-
|[[Atque]] [[per]] [[invictam]] [[nunc]] [[gentem]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Nunc'': an ironic touch? (Cf. line 144)
}}
|
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ut1|Ut]] [[non]] [[ulterius1|ulterius]] [[me1|me]] [[cogas]] [[sumere]] [[taedas]].'
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[His]] [[precibus]] [[victus]] [[suasus]] [[rex]] [[deserit]] [[omnes1|omnes]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sperans]] [[Waltharium]] [[fugiendo]] [[recedere]] [[numquam]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius123|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** '''Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)'''
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius170|next »]]
|[[Waltharius142English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius142

2009-12-11T20:58:15Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169) */

===Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)===
{|
|-
|[[Waltharius]] [[venit]], [[cui1|cui]] [[princeps]] [[talia2|talia]] [[pandit]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Ipse'': Waltharius, who begins speaking in line 146. (Attila’s repetition of his wife’s speech is elided.)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.179: ''remque ordine pando''. ‘I reveal all in order.’ 6.723: ''suscipit Anchises atque ordine singula pandit. '' ‘Anchises replies, and reveals each truth in order.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Uxorem]] [[suadens1|suadens]] [[sibi1|sibi]] [[ducere]]; [[sed1|sed]] [[tamen]] [[ipse]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Iam]] [[tum]] [[praemeditans]], [[quod]] [[post]] [[compleverat]] [[actis1|actis]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Quod'': obj. of ''praemeditans''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 21.14: ''non praemeditari quemadmodum respondeatis''. ‘Do not meditate before how you should answer.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[his1|His]] [[instiganti]] [[suggestibus]] [[obvius]] [[infit1|infit]]:
|145
|{{Commentary|''Suggestibus'' equiv. to ''consiliis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vestra]] [[quidem]] [[pietas]] [[est]], [[quod3|quod]] [[modici]] [[famulatus]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Modici famulatus'': genitive of description with ''causa'', meaning “of little importance” or “that has provided some small service.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Causam]] [[conspicitis]]. [[sed1|sed]] [[quod3|quod]] [[mea1|mea]] [[segnia]] [[mentis]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Causam'': here, as often in the ''Waltharius'', this word is practically the equivalent of ''res'' – well on its way to becoming French ''chose'', Italian/Spanish ''cosa'', “thing.” ''Mea segnia'': i.e., Waltharius’s delay in making a decision regarding marriage.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Intuitu]] [[fertis]], [[numquam]] [[meruisse]] [[valerem]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Mentis intuitu fertis'' equiv. to ''attenditis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[sed1|Sed]] [[precor]], [[ut1|ut]] [[servi]] [[capiatis]] [[verba]] [[fidelis]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nuptam]] [[accipiam]] [[domini]] [[praecepta]] [[secundum1|secundum]],
|150
|{{Commentary|''Secundum'': the post-positive preposition
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=nuptam accipiam}}
|
|-
|[[Vinciar]] [[in]] [[primis]] [[curis]] [[et]] [[amore]] [[puellae]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[A]]tque [[a]] [[servitio]] [[regis]] [[plerumque]] [[retardor]]:
|
|{{Commentary|''Retardor'': Like ''cogor'' and ''moratur'' below, with a future sense.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=atque a}}
|
|-
|[[Aedificare]] [[domos]] [[cultumque]] [[intendere]] [[ruris]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=cultumque intendere}}
|
|-
|[[Cogor]], [[et]] [[hoc2|hoc]] [[oculis]] [[senioris]] [[adesse]] [[moratur]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[solitam]] [[regno]] [[Hunorum]] [[impendere]] [[curam]].
|155
|
|{{Parallel|''Georgics'' 2.433: ''et dubitant homines serere atque impendere curam?'' ‘And can men be slow to plant and bestow care?’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=Hunorum impendere|hiatus=regno Hunorum}}
|
|-
|[[Namque]] [[voluptatem]] [[quisquis]] [[gustaverit]], [[exin]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Intolerabilius]] [[consuevit]] [[ferre]] [[labores]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Intolerabilius'': here active in sense, “with less tolerance.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nil2|Nil]] [[tam]] [[dulce]] [[mihi]], [[quam]] [[semper]] [[inesse]] [[fideli]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|This is a particularly acute manifestation of the Germanic warrior ethos – love for the lord above all else. However, since the audience knows Walther is promised to Hildegund, and we will soon see them plotting together against Attila, it has the ring of irony. -AE}}
|-
|[[Obsequio]] [[domini]]; [[quare]] [[precor1|precor]] [[absque]] [[iugali]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The language here echoes Aeneid 4.16, which reads, “ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali….” Dido says this to her sister Anna, talking about how she might fall for Aeneas if only she had not decided to avoid “nuptial chains.” Dido goes on to fall for Aeneas, just as Walther, despite what he says, will go on to marry Hildegund. The other parallel, which will return later in the poem, is between Attila and Dido, who are the ones the hero leaves behind. -AE}}
|-
|[[me1|Me]] [[vinclo]] [[permitte]] [[me1|me]]am [[iam]] [[ducere]] [[vitam]].
|160
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
 ''Aeineid'' 3.315: ''vitamque extrema per omnia duco''. ‘I drag on my life through all extremes.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[sero]] [[aut]] [[medio1|medio]] [[noctis]] [[mihi]] [[tempore]] [[mandas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Marcum'' 13.35: ''sero an media nocte''. . . ‘At evening or at midnight. . .’'' Aeineid'' 8.407: ''medio noctis.'' . . ‘In the middle of the night. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS|elision=sero aut}}
|
|-
|[[Ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[iubes]], [[securus]] [[et]] [[ibo]] [[paratus]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[bellis]] [[nullae]] [[persuadent]] [[cedere]] [[curae]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[nati]] [[aut]] [[coniunx]] [[retrahentque]] [[fugamque]] [[movebunt]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS|elision=nati aut}}
|
|-
|[[Testor]] [[per]] [[propriam]] [[temet1|temet]], [[pater1|pater]] [[optime]], [[vitam]]
|165
|{{Commentary|''Testor'': here construed like ''precor'' with a purpose clause, joining an oath to an earnest request.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.599-600.: ''per sidera testor,/ per superos atque hoc caeli spirabile lumen,/ tollite me. '' ‘By the stars I beseech you, by the gods above and this lightsome air we breathe, take me.’ 1.555: ''pater optime. . . '' ‘Noble father. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|It is strange that Walther refers to Attila as pater here. However, Attila may mean "little father" in Old Turkic, which was possibly the language of the Huns. For a full discussion of Attila's name, see Otto Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns: Studies in their history and culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), chapter 4. The phrase pater optime also appears in Aeneid 1.555, where it seems to refer to Jupiter.}}
|-
|[[Atque]] [[per]] [[invictam]] [[nunc]] [[gentem]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Nunc'': an ironic touch? (Cf. line 144)
}}
|
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ut1|Ut]] [[non]] [[ulterius1|ulterius]] [[me1|me]] [[cogas]] [[sumere]] [[taedas]].'
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[His]] [[precibus]] [[victus]] [[suasus]] [[rex]] [[deserit]] [[omnes1|omnes]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sperans]] [[Waltharium]] [[fugiendo]] [[recedere]] [[numquam]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius123|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** '''Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)'''
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius170|next »]]
|[[Waltharius142English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius142

2009-12-11T20:56:35Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169) */

===Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)===
{|
|-
|[[Waltharius]] [[venit]], [[cui1|cui]] [[princeps]] [[talia2|talia]] [[pandit]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Ipse'': Waltharius, who begins speaking in line 146. (Attila’s repetition of his wife’s speech is elided.)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.179: ''remque ordine pando''. ‘I reveal all in order.’ 6.723: ''suscipit Anchises atque ordine singula pandit. '' ‘Anchises replies, and reveals each truth in order.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Uxorem]] [[suadens1|suadens]] [[sibi1|sibi]] [[ducere]]; [[sed1|sed]] [[tamen]] [[ipse]]
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
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|[[Iam]] [[tum]] [[praemeditans]], [[quod]] [[post]] [[compleverat]] [[actis1|actis]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Quod'': obj. of ''praemeditans''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 21.14: ''non praemeditari quemadmodum respondeatis''. ‘Do not meditate before how you should answer.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[his1|His]] [[instiganti]] [[suggestibus]] [[obvius]] [[infit1|infit]]:
|145
|{{Commentary|''Suggestibus'' equiv. to ''consiliis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vestra]] [[quidem]] [[pietas]] [[est]], [[quod3|quod]] [[modici]] [[famulatus]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Modici famulatus'': genitive of description with ''causa'', meaning “of little importance” or “that has provided some small service.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Causam]] [[conspicitis]]. [[sed1|sed]] [[quod3|quod]] [[mea1|mea]] [[segnia]] [[mentis]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Causam'': here, as often in the ''Waltharius'', this word is practically the equivalent of ''res'' – well on its way to becoming French ''chose'', Italian/Spanish ''cosa'', “thing.” ''Mea segnia'': i.e., Waltharius’s delay in making a decision regarding marriage.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
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|[[Intuitu]] [[fertis]], [[numquam]] [[meruisse]] [[valerem]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Mentis intuitu fertis'' equiv. to ''attenditis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[sed1|Sed]] [[precor]], [[ut1|ut]] [[servi]] [[capiatis]] [[verba]] [[fidelis]]:
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nuptam]] [[accipiam]] [[domini]] [[praecepta]] [[secundum1|secundum]],
|150
|{{Commentary|''Secundum'': the post-positive preposition
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=nuptam accipiam}}
|
|-
|[[Vinciar]] [[in]] [[primis]] [[curis]] [[et]] [[amore]] [[puellae]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[A]]tque [[a]] [[servitio]] [[regis]] [[plerumque]] [[retardor]]:
|
|{{Commentary|''Retardor'': Like ''cogor'' and ''moratur'' below, with a future sense.
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=atque a}}
|
|-
|[[Aedificare]] [[domos]] [[cultumque]] [[intendere]] [[ruris]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=cultumque intendere}}
|
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|[[Cogor]], [[et]] [[hoc2|hoc]] [[oculis]] [[senioris]] [[adesse]] [[moratur]]
|
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|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[solitam]] [[regno]] [[Hunorum]] [[impendere]] [[curam]].
|155
|
|{{Parallel|''Georgics'' 2.433: ''et dubitant homines serere atque impendere curam?'' ‘And can men be slow to plant and bestow care?’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=Hunorum impendere|hiatus=regno Hunorum}}
|
|-
|[[Namque]] [[voluptatem]] [[quisquis]] [[gustaverit]], [[exin]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
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|[[Intolerabilius]] [[consuevit]] [[ferre]] [[labores]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Intolerabilius'': here active in sense, “with less tolerance.”
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nil2|Nil]] [[tam]] [[dulce]] [[mihi]], [[quam]] [[semper]] [[inesse]] [[fideli]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|This is a particularly acute manifestation of the Germanic warrior ethos – love for the lord above all else. However, since the audience knows Walther is promised to Hildegund, and we will soon see them plotting together against Attila, it has the ring of irony. -AE}}
|-
|[[Obsequio]] [[domini]]; [[quare]] [[precor1|precor]] [[absque]] [[iugali]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The language here echoes Aeneid 4.16, which reads, “ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali….” Dido says this to her sister Anna, talking about how she might fall for Aeneas if only she had not decided to avoid “nuptial chains.” Dido goes on to fall for Aeneas, just as Walther, despite what he says, will go on to marry Hildegund. The other parallel, which will return later in the poem, is between Attila and Dido, who are the ones the hero leaves behind. -AE}}
|-
|[[me1|Me]] [[vinclo]] [[permitte]] [[me1|me]]am [[iam]] [[ducere]] [[vitam]].
|160
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
 ''Aeineid'' 3.315: ''vitamque extrema per omnia duco''. ‘I drag on my life through all extremes.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[sero]] [[aut]] [[medio1|medio]] [[noctis]] [[mihi]] [[tempore]] [[mandas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Marcum'' 13.35: ''sero an media nocte''. . . ‘At evening or at midnight. . .’'' Aeineid'' 8.407: ''medio noctis.'' . . ‘In the middle of the night. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS|elision=sero aut}}
|
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|[[Ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[iubes]], [[securus]] [[et]] [[ibo]] [[paratus]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
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|[[In]] [[bellis]] [[nullae]] [[persuadent]] [[cedere]] [[curae]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Nec]] [[nati]] [[aut]] [[coniunx]] [[retrahentque]] [[fugamque]] [[movebunt]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS|elision=nati aut}}
|
|-
|[[Testor]] [[per]] [[propriam]] [[temet1|temet]], [[pater1|pater]] [[optime]], [[vitam]]
|165
|{{Commentary|''Testor'': here construed like ''precor'' with a purpose clause, joining an oath to an earnest request.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.599-600.: ''per sidera testor,/ per superos atque hoc caeli spirabile lumen,/ tollite me. '' ‘By the stars I beseech you, by the gods above and this lightsome air we breathe, take me.’ 1.555: ''pater optime. . . '' ‘Noble father. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|It is strange that Walther refers to Attila as pater here. However, Attila may mean "little father" in Old Turkic, which was possibly the language of the Huns. For a full discussion of Attila's name, see Otto Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns: Studies in their history and culture (University of California Press, 1973), chapter 4. The phrase pater optime also appears in Aeneid 1.555, where it seems to refer to Jupiter.}}
|-
|[[Atque]] [[per]] [[invictam]] [[nunc]] [[gentem]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Nunc'': an ironic touch? (Cf. line 144)
}}
|
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ut1|Ut]] [[non]] [[ulterius1|ulterius]] [[me1|me]] [[cogas]] [[sumere]] [[taedas]].'
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[His]] [[precibus]] [[victus]] [[suasus]] [[rex]] [[deserit]] [[omnes1|omnes]],
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Sperans]] [[Waltharium]] [[fugiendo]] [[recedere]] [[numquam]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
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|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius123|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** '''Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)'''
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius170|next »]]
|[[Waltharius142English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius123

2009-12-11T20:37:02Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141) */

===Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)===
{|
|-
|[[Ospirin]] [[elapsum]] [[Haganonem]] [[regia]] [[coniunx]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Ospirin'': The queen’s name is not found elsewhere. The Roman historian Jordanes (''Getica'' 49) speaks of Attila’s ''innumerabiles uxores''.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 2.783: ''illic res laetae regnumque et regia coniunx''. ‘There in store for you are happy days, kingship, and a royal wife.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|hiatus=elapsum Haganonem}}
|{{Comment|Ospirin's name- TO DO, some information in Althof and Beck. -AE
}}
|-
|[[Attendens]] [[domino1|domino]] [[suggessit]] [[talia2|talia]] [[dicta]]:
|
|{{Commentary|Two examples of slight semantic drift away from Classical Latin: ''Attendens'': “noticing” (rather than “directing attention towards”) ''Suggessit'': “offered, advised” (rather than “supplied, provided”)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.852: ''talia dicta dabat''. ‘Such words he said.’ 2.6: ''talia fando''. ‘In telling such a tale. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Provideat]] [[caveatque]], [[precor]], [[sollertia]] [[regis]],
|125
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 12.15: ''videte et cavete''. ‘Take heed and beware.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDD}}
|
|-
|[[Ne]] [[vestri]] [[imperii]] [[labatur]] [[forte]] [[columna]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Vestri'': the 2nd person plural to indicate respect in addressing a single person (cf. French ''vous'', German ''Sie'') is not found in Classical authors.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=vestri imperii}}
|{{Comment|Ospirin uses the second person plural when speaking to her husband in this passage, and in line [[Waltharius358|376]]. Walther also uses the second person plural to speak to Attila (lines [[Waltharius142|146]], [[Waltharius287|306]]), and Hildegund uses it for Walther (line [[Waltharius256|257]]). This suggests that the poet is using this formality either because of Attila’s office or because of the woman-to-man relationship. The use of the second person plural to indicate respect for a single person is a feature of Later Latin not found in Classical authors. -AE
The figure of Walther as columna imperii reappears in line [[Waltharius358|376]] after Walther and Hildegund flee. -AE}}
|-
|[[hoc6|Hoc]] [[est]], [[Waltharius]] [[vester]] [[discedat]] [[amicus1|amicus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Discedat'': still governed by ''ne''.
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[quo1|quo]] [[magna1|magna]] [[potestatis]] [[vis]] [[extitit]] [[huius]];
|
|{{Commentary|''Potestatis'' equiv. to ''regni''
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
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|[[nam1|Nam]] [[vereor]], [[ne]] [[fors]] [[fugiens1|fugiens]] [[Haganonem]] [[imitetur]],
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|elision=Haganonem imitetur}}
|
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|[[Idcircoque]] [[meam1|meam]] [[perpendite]] [[nunc]] [[rationem]]:
|130
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
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|[[cum1|Cum]] [[primum1|primum]] [[veniat]], [[haec2|haec]] [[illi]] [[dicite]] [[verba]]:
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
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|[[Servitio]] [[in]] [[nostro]] [[magnos]] [[plerumque]] [[labores]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=servitio in}}
|
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|[[Passus eras]] [[ideoque]] [[scias]], [[quod3|quod]] [[gratia]] [[nostra3|nostra]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.421: ''Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores?'' ‘Turnus, will you endure all these labours spent in vain?’ 12.32-33.: ''me casus, quae, Turne, sequantur/ bella, vides, quantos primus patiare labores. '' ‘You see what perils, Turnus, what wars pursue me, what heavy burdens you bear above all.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|falsequantities=extra syllable}}
|
|-
|[[Prae]] [[cunctis]] [[temet1|temet]] [[nimium]] [[dilexit]] [[amicis]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 9.430: ''tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum.'' ‘He but loved his hapless friend too well.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[volo]] [[plus1|plus]] [[factis]] [[te3|te]] [[quam]] [[cognoscere]] [[dictis1|dictis]]:
|135
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Elige]] [[de]] [[satrapis]] [[nuptam]] [[tibi1|tibi]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''De satrapis'' equiv. to ''de filiabus satraparum''; cf. note on line 43.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Iudicum'' 3.3: ''quinque satrapas Philisthinorum''. . . ‘Five princes of the Philistines. . .’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|Satrap has a decidedly negative and foreign connotation in the Vulgate Bible, where it refers to leaders of the Philistines (Judges, I Kings), leaders appointed by Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel), and leaders following the evil Haman (Esther). The banquet (described in [[Waltharius287|line 287 and following]]) that Walther throws for the Huns recalls the banquet that Esther gives for Assuerus and Haman in the Book of Esther. Although Lewis and Short gives a technical and specific definition (“a governor of a province, a viceroy among the Persians”), it is likely that the Waltharius poet uses it in a more general sense, perhaps because of the poetic limitations. Using the word here implicitly compares the Huns to the foreign enemies of the Bible, emphasizing their strangeness. -AE
Satrapis here refers to Attila's vassals, not to Attila himself (as in line [[Waltharius34|43]]). Attila invites Walther to choose a bride from the satraps of Pannonia, not meaning that Walther should marry one of the vassals, but his bride should come from the vassal class. Kratz's translation here is fairly loose, but captures the meaning well. -AE}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[non]] [[pauperiem]] [[propriam]] [[perpendere]] [[cures]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Amplificabo]] [[quidem]] [[valde]] [[te]] [[rure]] [[domique1|domique]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Rure domique'': apparently an ablative of means followed by a locative. Probably one should be assimilated to the other in translation; both possibilities yield acceptable sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Genesis'' 17.20: ''et augebo et multiplicabo eum valde''. ‘I will increase him, and multiply him exceedingly.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[qui3|qui]]squam, [[qui3|qui]] [[dat]] [[sponsam1|sponsam]], [[post1|post]] [[facta3|facta]] [[pudebit]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Pudebit'': A personal construction, unusual in Classical Latin, though cf. Plaut. ''Cas''. 5.2.3.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|Property rights, Walther's and Hildegund's, what happened to hostages who were heirs, TO DO. -AE}}
|-
|[[Quod]] [[si]] [[completis]], [[illum2|illum]] [[stabilire]] [[potestis]].'
|140
|{{Commentary|''Stabilire'': the verb is used with human direct objects in the Vulgate Bible in the sense of “to sustain,” but here it probably has its more literal meaning, continuing the metaphor of the ''columna'' from line 126, as Wieland suggests.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Hiezecihel Propheta'' 4.6: ''et cum conpleveris haec. .'' . ‘And when thou hast accomplished this. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Complacuit]] [[sermo]] [[regi1|regi]] [[coepitque]] [[parari]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Psalmi'' 18.15: ''et erunt ut conplaceant eloquia oris mei.'' ‘And the words of my mouth shall be such as may please.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius116|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** '''Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)'''
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius142|next »]]
|[[Waltharius123English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius123

2009-12-11T20:35:09Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141) */

===Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)===
{|
|-
|[[Ospirin]] [[elapsum]] [[Haganonem]] [[regia]] [[coniunx]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Ospirin'': The queen’s name is not found elsewhere. The Roman historian Jordanes (''Getica'' 49) speaks of Attila’s ''innumerabiles uxores''.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 2.783: ''illic res laetae regnumque et regia coniunx''. ‘There in store for you are happy days, kingship, and a royal wife.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|hiatus=elapsum Haganonem}}
|{{Comment|Ospirin's name- TO DO, some information in Althof and Beck. -AE
}}
|-
|[[Attendens]] [[domino1|domino]] [[suggessit]] [[talia2|talia]] [[dicta]]:
|
|{{Commentary|Two examples of slight semantic drift away from Classical Latin: ''Attendens'': “noticing” (rather than “directing attention towards”) ''Suggessit'': “offered, advised” (rather than “supplied, provided”)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.852: ''talia dicta dabat''. ‘Such words he said.’ 2.6: ''talia fando''. ‘In telling such a tale. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Provideat]] [[caveatque]], [[precor]], [[sollertia]] [[regis]],
|125
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 12.15: ''videte et cavete''. ‘Take heed and beware.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDD}}
|
|-
|[[Ne]] [[vestri]] [[imperii]] [[labatur]] [[forte]] [[columna]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Vestri'': the 2nd person plural to indicate respect in addressing a single person (cf. French ''vous'', German ''Sie'') is not found in Classical authors.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=vestri imperii}}
|{{Comment|Ospirin uses the second person plural when speaking to her husband in this passage, and in line [[Waltharius358|376]]. Walther also uses the second person plural to speak to Attila (lines [[Waltharius142|146]], [[Waltharius287|306]]), and Hildegund uses it for Walther (line [[Waltharius256|257]]). This suggests that the poet is using this formality either because of Attila’s office or because of the woman-to-man relationship. The use of the second person plural to indicate respect for a single person is a feature of Later Latin not found in Classical authors. -AE
The figure of Walther as columna imperii reappears in line [[Waltharius358|376]] after Walther and Hildegund flee. -AE}}
|-
|[[hoc6|Hoc]] [[est]], [[Waltharius]] [[vester]] [[discedat]] [[amicus1|amicus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Discedat'': still governed by ''ne''.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[quo1|quo]] [[magna1|magna]] [[potestatis]] [[vis]] [[extitit]] [[huius]];
|
|{{Commentary|''Potestatis'' equiv. to ''regni''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nam1|Nam]] [[vereor]], [[ne]] [[fors]] [[fugiens1|fugiens]] [[Haganonem]] [[imitetur]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|elision=Haganonem imitetur}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[meam1|meam]] [[perpendite]] [[nunc]] [[rationem]]:
|130
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[cum1|Cum]] [[primum1|primum]] [[veniat]], [[haec2|haec]] [[illi]] [[dicite]] [[verba]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Servitio]] [[in]] [[nostro]] [[magnos]] [[plerumque]] [[labores]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=servitio in}}
|
|-
|[[Passus eras]] [[ideoque]] [[scias]], [[quod3|quod]] [[gratia]] [[nostra3|nostra]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.421: ''Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores?'' ‘Turnus, will you endure all these labours spent in vain?’ 12.32-33.: ''me casus, quae, Turne, sequantur/ bella, vides, quantos primus patiare labores. '' ‘You see what perils, Turnus, what wars pursue me, what heavy burdens you bear above all.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|falsequantities=extra syllable}}
|
|-
|[[Prae]] [[cunctis]] [[temet1|temet]] [[nimium]] [[dilexit]] [[amicis]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 9.430: ''tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum.'' ‘He but loved his hapless friend too well.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[volo]] [[plus1|plus]] [[factis]] [[te3|te]] [[quam]] [[cognoscere]] [[dictis1|dictis]]:
|135
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Elige]] [[de]] [[satrapis]] [[nuptam]] [[tibi1|tibi]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''De satrapis'' equiv. to ''de filiabus satraparum''; cf. note on line 43.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Iudicum'' 3.3: ''quinque satrapas Philisthinorum''. . . ‘Five princes of the Philistines. . .’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|Satrap has a decidedly negative and foreign connotation in the Vulgate Bible, where it refers to leaders of the Philistines (Judges, I Kings), leaders appointed by Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel), and leaders following the evil Haman (Esther). The banquet (described in [[Waltharius287|line 287 and following]]) that Walther throws for the Huns recalls the banquet that Esther gives for Assuerus and Haman in the Book of Esther. Although Lewis and Short gives a technical and specific definition (“a governor of a province, a viceroy among the Persians”), it is likely that the Waltharius poet uses it in a more general sense, perhaps because of the poetic limitations. Using the word here implicitly compares the Huns to the foreign enemies of the Bible, emphasizing their strangeness. "Satrapis" here refers to Attila's vassals, not Attila himself (as in line [[Waltharius34|43]]). Attila invites Walther to choose a bride from the satraps of Pannonia, not meaning that Walther should marry one of the vassals, but his bride should come from the vassal class. Kratz's translation here is fairly loose, but captures the meaning well. -AE}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[non]] [[pauperiem]] [[propriam]] [[perpendere]] [[cures]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Amplificabo]] [[quidem]] [[valde]] [[te]] [[rure]] [[domique1|domique]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Rure domique'': apparently an ablative of means followed by a locative. Probably one should be assimilated to the other in translation; both possibilities yield acceptable sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Genesis'' 17.20: ''et augebo et multiplicabo eum valde''. ‘I will increase him, and multiply him exceedingly.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[qui3|qui]]squam, [[qui3|qui]] [[dat]] [[sponsam1|sponsam]], [[post1|post]] [[facta3|facta]] [[pudebit]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Pudebit'': A personal construction, unusual in Classical Latin, though cf. Plaut. ''Cas''. 5.2.3.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|Property rights, Walther's and Hildegund's, what happened to hostages who were heirs, TO DO. -AE}}
|-
|[[Quod]] [[si]] [[completis]], [[illum2|illum]] [[stabilire]] [[potestis]].'
|140
|{{Commentary|''Stabilire'': the verb is used with human direct objects in the Vulgate Bible in the sense of “to sustain,” but here it probably has its more literal meaning, continuing the metaphor of the ''columna'' from line 126, as Wieland suggests.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Hiezecihel Propheta'' 4.6: ''et cum conpleveris haec. .'' . ‘And when thou hast accomplished this. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Complacuit]] [[sermo]] [[regi1|regi]] [[coepitque]] [[parari]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Psalmi'' 18.15: ''et erunt ut conplaceant eloquia oris mei.'' ‘And the words of my mouth shall be such as may please.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius116|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** '''Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)'''
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius142|next »]]
|[[Waltharius123English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius215

2009-12-09T16:49:56Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) */

===Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)===
{|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[palatini]] [[decurrunt]] [[arce]] [[ministri]]
|215
|{{Commentary|''Palatini'': “palace servants”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 481: ''ecce Palatinus. . .minister. . . '' ‘See the servant of the palace. . .’ ''Aeineid'' 2.41: ''Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce''. ‘Laocoon in hot haste runs down from the citadel’s height.’ 11.490: ''fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce.'' ‘He shone with gold as he ran down from the fortress height.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illius]] [[aspectu]] [[hilares]] [[equitemque]] [[tenebant]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Illius'' equiv. to ''Waltharii'', objective genitive. ''Equitem'' equiv. to ''equum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|hiatus=aspectu hilares|falsequantities=illius}}
|
|-
|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vir]] [[sella]] [[descenderet]] [[inclitus]] [[alta]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[bene]] [[res]] [[vergant]], [[tum]] [[demum]] [[forte]] [[requirunt]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Si…vergant'': indirect question
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ille3|Ille]] [[aliquid]] [[modicum]] [[narrans]] [[intraverat]] [[aulam]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 4.2: ''non enim erat licitum indutum sacco aulam regis intrare.'' ‘For no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king’s court.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=ille aliquid}}
|
|-
|[[lassus]] [[enim1|enim]] [[fuerat]]), [[regisque]] [[cubile]] [[petebat]].
|220
|{{Commentary|''Cubile equiv. to cubiculum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illic]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[offendit]] [[residentem]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=solam offendit}}
|
|-
|[[Cui]] [[post]] [[amplexus]] [[atque]] [[oscula]] [[dulcia]] [[dixit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.687: ''cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet. . .'' ‘When she takes you to her bosom, embraces you and imprints sweet kisses. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS|elision=atque oscula}}
|
|-
|[[ocius]] [[huc]] [[potum]] [[ferto]], [[quia]] [[fessus]] [[anhelo]].'
|
|{{Commentary|''Ocius'': as often in the ''Waltharius'', an adverb’s comparative form is used without any real comparative sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|Statius ''Thebaid'' 11.7-8.: ''Phlegrae ceu fessus anhelet/ proelia. . . '' ‘As though he were breathless and weary after Phlegra’s fight. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[illa2|Illa]] [[mero]] [[tallum]] [[complevit]] [[mox]] [[pretiosum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Tallum'': “cup, goblet” – a Germanism.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 1.729: ''implevitque mero pateram''. ‘She filled the cup with wine.’ ''Liber II Macchabeorum'' 14.4: ''. . .offerens ei. . .tallos qui templi esse videbantur.'' ‘. . .Offering to him. . .boughs which seemed to belong to the temple.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-224.png
File:Waltharius-Line-224_1.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The trope of a woman offering drink or other reward for military service to the hero is common to both Classical and Germanic traditions. In Aeneid 1.729, Dido offers Aeneas wine. The word used there is implevit, which is echoed in the Waltharius by complevit. This theme is also present in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf. After killing Grendel, Beowulf receives a necklace and a byrnie from Wealtheow, Hrothgar’s wife (l. 1215-1220). Before the contest with Grendel, Wealtheow offers Beowulf drink (1. 623-625), on his homecoming, Queen Hygd, the wife of Hygelac, also distributes mead (l. 1980-1983), and Beowulf also talks of Freawaru, Hrothgar’s daughter, distributing mead. Coincidently, Freawaru marries Ingeld, of whom Alcuin wrote to a bishop named Speratus, scolding him for listening to songs and stories of pagan heros, writing “What has Ingeld to do with Christ?” [I am not sure what to make of the reference on the wiki to 2 Maccabees. It doesn’t seem to connect either in language or in content.] -AE}}
|-
|[[Porrexitque]] [[viro]], [[qui3|qui]] [[signans]] [[accipiebat]]
|225
|{{Commentary|''Signans'': “making the sign of the Cross” before partaking of the drink.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 8.274: ''pocula porgite dextris.'' ‘Stretch forth the cup in your hands.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|{{Comment|It seems that signans must be translated as Kratz does: “…gave it to the man, who, as he took it, crossed / himself, and pressed the maiden’s hand with his….” This translation is overtly Christian, but it is difficult to make sense of the passage otherwise. Additionally, Du Cange gives this definition as the first one and traces back to Tertullian, so it would likely have carried that connotation to a ninth- or tenth-century author or audience, especially if it were monastic. -AE}}
|-
|[[Virgineamque]] [[manum]] [[propria1|propria]] [[constrinxit]]. [[at]] [[illa2|illa]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Astitit]] [[et]] [[vultum]] r[[et]]icens [[intendit]] [[herilem]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Walthariusque]] [[bibens]] [[vacuum]] [[vas]] [[porrigit]] [[olli]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.254: ''olli subridens. . . '' ‘Smiling on her. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ambo1|Ambo]] [[etenim]] [[norant]] [[de]] [[se2|se]] [[sponsalia]] [[facta1|facta]] --
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=ambo etenim}}
|{{Comment|This is one of the few hints given to the chronology of the first part of the poem. We know that when the hostages were taken, Gunther was too young to leave his mother, and we know that the three children are essentially adults by the time they leave (Hildegund is old enough to serve as quartermistress, and the boys have become warriors), and here we learn that Hildegund and Walther were both old enough when they were taken that they remember they are betrothed. -AE}}
|-
|[[Provocat]] [[et]] [[tali1|tali]] [[caram]] [[sermone]] [[puellam]]:
|230
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[exilium]] [[pariter]] [[patimur]] [[iam]] [[tempore]] [[tanto1|tanto]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.638: ''exsiliumque pati. . .'' ‘to suffer exile. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|The theme of exile is also common to both Classical and Germanic poems. In Anglo-Saxon, the elegies The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and The Wife’s Lament each recount sad stories of exile. In the Aeneid, the phrase exsilium pati appears, describing what Aeneas’s father will not do (l. 2.638). Additionally, as Walther and Hildegund go into exile for the sake of their earthly fathers, and Hagen does so for the sake of his earthly lord, religious figures of their period underwent exile or wandering for the sake of God. -AE}}
|-
|[[Non]] [[ignorantes]], [[quid5|quid]] [[nostri1|nostri]] [[forte]] [[parentes]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Inter]] [[se4|se]] [[nostra]] [[de]] [[re]] [[fecere]] [[futura]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quamne]] [[diu]] [[tacito]] [[premimus]] [[haec2|haec]] [[ipsa]] [[palato]]?'
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.103: ''non ipse suo premit ore Latinus.'' ‘Latinus keeps not shut within his own lips.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Virgo]] [[per]] [[hyroniam]] [[meditans]] [[hoc4|hoc]] [[dicere]] [[sponsum]]
|235
|{{Commentary|''Per hyroniam'': “ironically,” i.e., insincerely, to tease her.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|This passage, particularly the word hyroniam in line 235, forms the heart of many scholars’ arguments about irony in the poem. It is clear from this passage that the poet understands the phenomenon of irony, and that he uses it for humorous effect, at least in this instance. However, it is not clear from this passage whether the poet meant anything more than entertainment, let alone the Christian conversion message which Parkes argues the irony encodes (“Irony in Waltharius”). This passage is funny because the betrothed misunderstand each other, not because the poet somehow subverts pagan values. Indeed, Walther is not even being ironic. Hildegund only thinks he is. MORE HERE. SPELLING IDENTICAL IN CHRONICON. IS THIS NOT MISUNDERSTANDING BUT RATHER JOKING TOGETHER? THOMSEN CHAPTER IN BECOMING MALE IN THE MIDDLE AGES. ISIDORE. LITERALLY SAYING THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT YOU MEAN. DILWYN KNOX BOOK ON IRONY. SERVIUS ON THE AENEID, DOES HE MENTION IRONY, AND ESPECIALLY DOES HE WRT DIDO? YES. LOOK THERE. -AE}}
|-
|[[Paulum]] [[conticuit]], [[sed1|sed]] [[postea]] [[talia2|talia]] [[reddit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.323; 10.530: ''talia reddit. '' ‘He answers thus.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[quid5|Quid]] [[lingua]] [[simulas]], [[quod]] [[ab]] [[imo]] [[pectore]] [[damnas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 6.55: ''pectore ab imo.'' . . ‘From his inmost heart. . .’ 11.840: ''imo pectore.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Oreque]] [[persuades]], [[toto1|toto]] [[quod]] [[corde]] [[refutas]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sit]] [[veluti]] [[talem]] [[pudor]] [[ingens1|ingens]] [[ducere]] [[nuptam]]?'
|
|{{Commentary|''Sit veluti…pudor'': “As if it were a disgrace to…!”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vir]] [[sapiens]] [[contra1|contra]] [[respondit]] [[et]] [[intulit]] [[ista3|ista]]:
|240
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[absit]] [[quod]] [[memoras]]! [[dextrorsum]] [[porrige1|porrige]] [[sensum]]!
|
|{{Commentary|''Porrige'' equiv. to ''dirige'' ''Dextrosrum'': i.e., to what is favorable/correct.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.109: ''quod memoras''. . . ‘What you say. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Noris]] [[me1|me]] [[nihilum]] [[simulata]] [[me1|me]]nte [[locutum]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.105: ''sensit enim simulata mente locutam.'' ‘For she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[nebulae]] [[vel]] [[falsi]] [[interfore]] [[crede]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=falsi interfore}}
|
|-
|[[nullus2|Nullus]] [[adest]] [[nobis]] [[exceptis]] [[namque]] [[duobus]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nossem]] [[temet]] [[mihi]] [[promptam]] [[impendere]] [[mentem]]
|245
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promptam impendere}}
|
|-
|[[Atque]] [[fidem]] [[votis]] [[servare]] [[per]] [[omnia]] [[cautis]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Pandere]] [[cuncta]] [[tibi]] [[cordis]] [[mysteria]] [[vellem]].'
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Tandem]] [[virgo]] [[viri]] [[genibus]] [[curvata]] [[profatur1|profatur]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[vocas]], [[mi]] [[domne]], [[sequar]] [[studiose]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Domne equiv. to Domine''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 4.114: ''perge, sequar.'' ‘Go on; I will follow.’ ''Eclogue ''3.49:'' veniam quocumque vocaris.'' ‘Wherever you challenge me, I’ll be there.’ ''Aeneid'' 5.22-23.: ''sequamur,/ quoque vocat, vertamus iter.'' ‘Let us follow, and turn our course whither she calls.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[placitis]] [[malim]] [[praeponere]] [[iussis]].'
|250
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ille1|Ille]] [[dehinc]]: '[[piget]] [[exilii]] [[me1|me]] [[denique]] [[nostri]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[patriae]] [[fines]] [[reminiscor]] [[saepe]] [[relictos]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 1.3: ''nos patriae finis et dulcia linquimus arva.'' ‘We are leaving our country’s bounds and sweet fields.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[fugam]] [[cupio]] [[celerare]] [[latentem]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.357: ''tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet.'' ‘Then he bids her take speedy flight.’ 3.666:'' nos procul inde fugam. . .celerare.'' ‘We speed our flight far from there.’ 9.378: ''celerare fugam.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[iam]] [[prae]] [[multis1|multis]] [[potuissem]] [[forte]] [[diebus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Prae multis…diebus'': “many days ago.” Classical authors use ''prae'' + abl. to mean “before” only in a spatial sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.342: ''forte diebus''. . .'' '' ‘In those days, as it chanced. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[non]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[remanere]] [[dolerem]].'
|255
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius170|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** '''Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)'''
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius256|next »]]
|[[Waltharius215English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius215

2009-12-09T16:46:11Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) */

===Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)===
{|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[palatini]] [[decurrunt]] [[arce]] [[ministri]]
|215
|{{Commentary|''Palatini'': “palace servants”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 481: ''ecce Palatinus. . .minister. . . '' ‘See the servant of the palace. . .’ ''Aeineid'' 2.41: ''Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce''. ‘Laocoon in hot haste runs down from the citadel’s height.’ 11.490: ''fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce.'' ‘He shone with gold as he ran down from the fortress height.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illius]] [[aspectu]] [[hilares]] [[equitemque]] [[tenebant]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Illius'' equiv. to ''Waltharii'', objective genitive. ''Equitem'' equiv. to ''equum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|hiatus=aspectu hilares|falsequantities=illius}}
|
|-
|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vir]] [[sella]] [[descenderet]] [[inclitus]] [[alta]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[bene]] [[res]] [[vergant]], [[tum]] [[demum]] [[forte]] [[requirunt]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Si…vergant'': indirect question
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ille3|Ille]] [[aliquid]] [[modicum]] [[narrans]] [[intraverat]] [[aulam]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 4.2: ''non enim erat licitum indutum sacco aulam regis intrare.'' ‘For no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king’s court.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=ille aliquid}}
|
|-
|[[lassus]] [[enim1|enim]] [[fuerat]]), [[regisque]] [[cubile]] [[petebat]].
|220
|{{Commentary|''Cubile equiv. to cubiculum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illic]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[offendit]] [[residentem]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=solam offendit}}
|
|-
|[[Cui]] [[post]] [[amplexus]] [[atque]] [[oscula]] [[dulcia]] [[dixit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.687: ''cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet. . .'' ‘When she takes you to her bosom, embraces you and imprints sweet kisses. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS|elision=atque oscula}}
|
|-
|[[ocius]] [[huc]] [[potum]] [[ferto]], [[quia]] [[fessus]] [[anhelo]].'
|
|{{Commentary|''Ocius'': as often in the ''Waltharius'', an adverb’s comparative form is used without any real comparative sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|Statius ''Thebaid'' 11.7-8.: ''Phlegrae ceu fessus anhelet/ proelia. . . '' ‘As though he were breathless and weary after Phlegra’s fight. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[illa2|Illa]] [[mero]] [[tallum]] [[complevit]] [[mox]] [[pretiosum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Tallum'': “cup, goblet” – a Germanism.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 1.729: ''implevitque mero pateram''. ‘She filled the cup with wine.’ ''Liber II Macchabeorum'' 14.4: ''. . .offerens ei. . .tallos qui templi esse videbantur.'' ‘. . .Offering to him. . .boughs which seemed to belong to the temple.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-224.png
File:Waltharius-Line-224_1.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The trope of a woman offering drink or other reward for military service to the hero is common to both Classical and Germanic traditions. In Aeneid 1.729, Dido offers Aeneas wine. The word used there is implevit, which is echoed in the Waltharius by complevit. This theme is also present in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf. After killing Grendel, Beowulf receives a necklace and a byrnie from Wealtheow, Hrothgar’s wife (l. 1215-1220). Before the contest with Grendel, Wealtheow offers Beowulf drink (1. 623-625), on his homecoming, Queen Hygd, the wife of Hygelac, also distributes mead (l. 1980-1983), and Beowulf also talks of Freawaru, Hrothgar’s daughter, distributing mead. Coincidently, Freawaru marries Ingeld, of whom Alcuin wrote to a bishop named Speratus, scolding him for listening to songs and stories of pagan heros, writing “What has Ingeld to do with Christ?” [I am not sure what to make of the reference on the wiki to 2 Maccabees. It doesn’t seem to connect either in language or in content.] -AE}}
|-
|[[Porrexitque]] [[viro]], [[qui3|qui]] [[signans]] [[accipiebat]]
|225
|{{Commentary|''Signans'': “making the sign of the Cross” before partaking of the drink.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 8.274: ''pocula porgite dextris.'' ‘Stretch forth the cup in your hands.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|{{Comment|It seems that signans must be translated as Kratz does: “…gave it to the man, who, as he took it, crossed / himself, and pressed the maiden’s hand with his….” This translation is overtly Christian, but it is difficult to make sense of the passage otherwise. Additionally, Du Cange gives this definition as the first one and traces back to Tertullian, so it would likely have carried that connotation to a ninth- or tenth-century author or audience, especially if it were monastic. -AE}}
|-
|[[Virgineamque]] [[manum]] [[propria1|propria]] [[constrinxit]]. [[at]] [[illa2|illa]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Astitit]] [[et]] [[vultum]] r[[et]]icens [[intendit]] [[herilem]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Walthariusque]] [[bibens]] [[vacuum]] [[vas]] [[porrigit]] [[olli]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.254: ''olli subridens. . . '' ‘Smiling on her. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ambo1|Ambo]] [[etenim]] [[norant]] [[de]] [[se2|se]] [[sponsalia]] [[facta1|facta]] --
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=ambo etenim}}
|{{Comment|This is one of the few hints given to the chronology of the first part of the poem. We know that when the hostages were taken, Gunther was too young to leave his mother, and we know that the three children are essentially adults by the time they leave (Hildegund is old enough to serve as quartermistress, and the boys have become warriors), and here we learn that Hildegund and Walther were both old enough when they were taken that they remember they are betrothed. -AE}}
|-
|[[Provocat]] [[et]] [[tali1|tali]] [[caram]] [[sermone]] [[puellam]]:
|230
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[exilium]] [[pariter]] [[patimur]] [[iam]] [[tempore]] [[tanto1|tanto]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.638: ''exsiliumque pati. . .'' ‘to suffer exile. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|The theme of exile is another that is common to both Classical and Germanic poems. In Anglo-Saxon, the elegies The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and The Wife’s Lament each recount sad stories of exile. In the Aeneid, the phrase exsilium pati appears, describing what Aeneas’s father will not do (l. 2.638). Additionally, as Walther and Hildegund go into exile for the sake of their earthly fathers, and Hagen does so for the sake of his earthly lord, religious figures of their period underwent exile or wandering for the sake of God. -AE}}
|-
|[[Non]] [[ignorantes]], [[quid5|quid]] [[nostri1|nostri]] [[forte]] [[parentes]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Inter]] [[se4|se]] [[nostra]] [[de]] [[re]] [[fecere]] [[futura]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quamne]] [[diu]] [[tacito]] [[premimus]] [[haec2|haec]] [[ipsa]] [[palato]]?'
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.103: ''non ipse suo premit ore Latinus.'' ‘Latinus keeps not shut within his own lips.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Virgo]] [[per]] [[hyroniam]] [[meditans]] [[hoc4|hoc]] [[dicere]] [[sponsum]]
|235
|{{Commentary|''Per hyroniam'': “ironically,” i.e., insincerely, to tease her.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|This passage, particularly the word hyronium in line 235, is at the heart of many scholars’ arguments about irony in the poem. It is clear from this passage that the poet understands the phenomenon of irony, and that he uses it for humorous effect, at least in this instance. However, it is not clear from this passage whether the poet meant anything more than entertainment, let alone the Christian conversion message which Parkes argues the irony encodes (“Irony in Waltharius”). This passage is funny because the betrothed misunderstand each other, not because the poet somehow subverts pagan values. Indeed, Walther is not even being ironic. It is only that Hildegund thinks he is. MORE HERE. SPELLING IDENTICAL IN CHRONICON. IS THIS NOT MISUNDERSTANDING BUT RATHER JOKING TOGETHER? THOMSEN CHAPTER IN BECOMING MALE IN THE MIDDLE AGES. ISIDORE. LITERALLY SAYING THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT YOU MEAN. DILWYN KNOX BOOK ON IRONY. SERVIUS ON THE AENEID, DOES HE MENTION IRONY, AND ESPECIALLY DOES HE WRT DIDO? YES. LOOK THERE. -AE}}
|-
|[[Paulum]] [[conticuit]], [[sed1|sed]] [[postea]] [[talia2|talia]] [[reddit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.323; 10.530: ''talia reddit. '' ‘He answers thus.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[quid5|Quid]] [[lingua]] [[simulas]], [[quod]] [[ab]] [[imo]] [[pectore]] [[damnas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 6.55: ''pectore ab imo.'' . . ‘From his inmost heart. . .’ 11.840: ''imo pectore.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Oreque]] [[persuades]], [[toto1|toto]] [[quod]] [[corde]] [[refutas]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sit]] [[veluti]] [[talem]] [[pudor]] [[ingens1|ingens]] [[ducere]] [[nuptam]]?'
|
|{{Commentary|''Sit veluti…pudor'': “As if it were a disgrace to…!”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vir]] [[sapiens]] [[contra1|contra]] [[respondit]] [[et]] [[intulit]] [[ista3|ista]]:
|240
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[absit]] [[quod]] [[memoras]]! [[dextrorsum]] [[porrige1|porrige]] [[sensum]]!
|
|{{Commentary|''Porrige'' equiv. to ''dirige'' ''Dextrosrum'': i.e., to what is favorable/correct.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.109: ''quod memoras''. . . ‘What you say. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Noris]] [[me1|me]] [[nihilum]] [[simulata]] [[me1|me]]nte [[locutum]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.105: ''sensit enim simulata mente locutam.'' ‘For she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[nebulae]] [[vel]] [[falsi]] [[interfore]] [[crede]].
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=falsi interfore}}
|
|-
|[[nullus2|Nullus]] [[adest]] [[nobis]] [[exceptis]] [[namque]] [[duobus]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nossem]] [[temet]] [[mihi]] [[promptam]] [[impendere]] [[mentem]]
|245
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promptam impendere}}
|
|-
|[[Atque]] [[fidem]] [[votis]] [[servare]] [[per]] [[omnia]] [[cautis]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Pandere]] [[cuncta]] [[tibi]] [[cordis]] [[mysteria]] [[vellem]].'
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Tandem]] [[virgo]] [[viri]] [[genibus]] [[curvata]] [[profatur1|profatur]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[vocas]], [[mi]] [[domne]], [[sequar]] [[studiose]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Domne equiv. to Domine''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 4.114: ''perge, sequar.'' ‘Go on; I will follow.’ ''Eclogue ''3.49:'' veniam quocumque vocaris.'' ‘Wherever you challenge me, I’ll be there.’ ''Aeneid'' 5.22-23.: ''sequamur,/ quoque vocat, vertamus iter.'' ‘Let us follow, and turn our course whither she calls.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[placitis]] [[malim]] [[praeponere]] [[iussis]].'
|250
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ille1|Ille]] [[dehinc]]: '[[piget]] [[exilii]] [[me1|me]] [[denique]] [[nostri]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[patriae]] [[fines]] [[reminiscor]] [[saepe]] [[relictos]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 1.3: ''nos patriae finis et dulcia linquimus arva.'' ‘We are leaving our country’s bounds and sweet fields.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[fugam]] [[cupio]] [[celerare]] [[latentem]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.357: ''tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet.'' ‘Then he bids her take speedy flight.’ 3.666:'' nos procul inde fugam. . .celerare.'' ‘We speed our flight far from there.’ 9.378: ''celerare fugam.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[iam]] [[prae]] [[multis1|multis]] [[potuissem]] [[forte]] [[diebus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Prae multis…diebus'': “many days ago.” Classical authors use ''prae'' + abl. to mean “before” only in a spatial sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.342: ''forte diebus''. . .'' '' ‘In those days, as it chanced. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[non]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[remanere]] [[dolerem]].'
|255
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius170|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** '''Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)'''
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius256|next »]]
|[[Waltharius215English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius215

2009-12-09T16:45:01Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) */

===Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)===
{|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[palatini]] [[decurrunt]] [[arce]] [[ministri]]
|215
|{{Commentary|''Palatini'': “palace servants”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 481: ''ecce Palatinus. . .minister. . . '' ‘See the servant of the palace. . .’ ''Aeineid'' 2.41: ''Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce''. ‘Laocoon in hot haste runs down from the citadel’s height.’ 11.490: ''fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce.'' ‘He shone with gold as he ran down from the fortress height.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illius]] [[aspectu]] [[hilares]] [[equitemque]] [[tenebant]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Illius'' equiv. to ''Waltharii'', objective genitive. ''Equitem'' equiv. to ''equum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|hiatus=aspectu hilares|falsequantities=illius}}
|
|-
|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vir]] [[sella]] [[descenderet]] [[inclitus]] [[alta]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[bene]] [[res]] [[vergant]], [[tum]] [[demum]] [[forte]] [[requirunt]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Si…vergant'': indirect question
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ille3|Ille]] [[aliquid]] [[modicum]] [[narrans]] [[intraverat]] [[aulam]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 4.2: ''non enim erat licitum indutum sacco aulam regis intrare.'' ‘For no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king’s court.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=ille aliquid}}
|
|-
|[[lassus]] [[enim1|enim]] [[fuerat]]), [[regisque]] [[cubile]] [[petebat]].
|220
|{{Commentary|''Cubile equiv. to cubiculum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illic]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[offendit]] [[residentem]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=solam offendit}}
|
|-
|[[Cui]] [[post]] [[amplexus]] [[atque]] [[oscula]] [[dulcia]] [[dixit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.687: ''cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet. . .'' ‘When she takes you to her bosom, embraces you and imprints sweet kisses. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS|elision=atque oscula}}
|
|-
|[[ocius]] [[huc]] [[potum]] [[ferto]], [[quia]] [[fessus]] [[anhelo]].'
|
|{{Commentary|''Ocius'': as often in the ''Waltharius'', an adverb’s comparative form is used without any real comparative sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|Statius ''Thebaid'' 11.7-8.: ''Phlegrae ceu fessus anhelet/ proelia. . . '' ‘As though he were breathless and weary after Phlegra’s fight. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[illa2|Illa]] [[mero]] [[tallum]] [[complevit]] [[mox]] [[pretiosum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Tallum'': “cup, goblet” – a Germanism.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 1.729: ''implevitque mero pateram''. ‘She filled the cup with wine.’ ''Liber II Macchabeorum'' 14.4: ''. . .offerens ei. . .tallos qui templi esse videbantur.'' ‘. . .Offering to him. . .boughs which seemed to belong to the temple.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-224.png
File:Waltharius-Line-224_1.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The trope of a woman offering drink or other reward for military service to the hero is common to both Classical and Germanic traditions. In Aeneid 1.729, Dido offers Aeneas wine. The word used there is implevit, which is echoed in the Waltharius by complevit. This theme is also present in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf. After killing Grendel, Beowulf receives a necklace and a byrnie from Wealtheow, Hrothgar’s wife (l. 1215-1220). Before the contest with Grendel, Wealtheow offers Beowulf drink (1. 623-625), on his homecoming, Queen Hygd, the wife of Hygelac, also distributes mead (l. 1980-1983), and Beowulf also talks of Freawaru, Hrothgar’s daughter, distributing mead. Coincidently, Freawaru marries Ingeld, of whom Alcuin wrote to a bishop named Speratus, scolding him for listening to songs and stories of pagan heros, writing “What has Ingeld to do with Christ?” [I am not sure what to make of the reference on the wiki to 2 Maccabees. It doesn’t seem to connect either in language or in content.] -AE}}
|-
|[[Porrexitque]] [[viro]], [[qui3|qui]] [[signans]] [[accipiebat]]
|225
|{{Commentary|''Signans'': “making the sign of the Cross” before partaking of the drink.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 8.274: ''pocula porgite dextris.'' ‘Stretch forth the cup in your hands.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|{{Comment|It seems that signans must be translated as Kratz does: “…gave it to the man, who, as he took it, crossed / himself, and pressed the maiden’s hand with his….” This translation is overtly Christian, but it is difficult to make sense of the passage otherwise. Additionally, Du Cange gives this definition as the first one and traces back to Tertullian, so it would likely have carried that connotation to a ninth or tenth century author or audience, especially if it were monastic. -AE}}
|-
|[[Virgineamque]] [[manum]] [[propria1|propria]] [[constrinxit]]. [[at]] [[illa2|illa]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Astitit]] [[et]] [[vultum]] r[[et]]icens [[intendit]] [[herilem]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Walthariusque]] [[bibens]] [[vacuum]] [[vas]] [[porrigit]] [[olli]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.254: ''olli subridens. . . '' ‘Smiling on her. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ambo1|Ambo]] [[etenim]] [[norant]] [[de]] [[se2|se]] [[sponsalia]] [[facta1|facta]] --
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=ambo etenim}}
|{{Comment|This is one of the few hints given to the chronology of the first part of the poem. We know that when the hostages were taken, Gunther was too young to leave his mother, and we know that the three children are essentially adults by the time they leave (Hildegund is old enough to serve as quartermistress, and the boys have become warriors), and here we learn that Hildegund and Walther were both old enough when they were taken that they remember they are betrothed. -AE}}
|-
|[[Provocat]] [[et]] [[tali1|tali]] [[caram]] [[sermone]] [[puellam]]:
|230
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[exilium]] [[pariter]] [[patimur]] [[iam]] [[tempore]] [[tanto1|tanto]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.638: ''exsiliumque pati. . .'' ‘to suffer exile. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|The theme of exile is another that is common to both Classical and Germanic poems. In Anglo-Saxon, the elegies The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and The Wife’s Lament each recount sad stories of exile. In the Aeneid, the phrase exsilium pati appears, describing what Aeneas’s father will not do (l. 2.638). Additionally, as Walther and Hildegund go into exile for the sake of their earthly fathers, and Hagen does so for the sake of his earthly lord, religious figures of their period underwent exile or wandering for the sake of God. -AE}}
|-
|[[Non]] [[ignorantes]], [[quid5|quid]] [[nostri1|nostri]] [[forte]] [[parentes]]
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Inter]] [[se4|se]] [[nostra]] [[de]] [[re]] [[fecere]] [[futura]].
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quamne]] [[diu]] [[tacito]] [[premimus]] [[haec2|haec]] [[ipsa]] [[palato]]?'
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.103: ''non ipse suo premit ore Latinus.'' ‘Latinus keeps not shut within his own lips.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Virgo]] [[per]] [[hyroniam]] [[meditans]] [[hoc4|hoc]] [[dicere]] [[sponsum]]
|235
|{{Commentary|''Per hyroniam'': “ironically,” i.e., insincerely, to tease her.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|This passage, particularly the word hyronium in line 235, is at the heart of many scholars’ arguments about irony in the poem. It is clear from this passage that the poet understands the phenomenon of irony, and that he uses it for humorous effect, at least in this instance. However, it is not clear from this passage whether the poet meant anything more than entertainment, let alone the Christian conversion message which Parkes argues the irony encodes (“Irony in Waltharius”). This passage is funny because the betrothed misunderstand each other, not because the poet somehow subverts pagan values. Indeed, Walther is not even being ironic. It is only that Hildegund thinks he is. MORE HERE. SPELLING IDENTICAL IN CHRONICON. IS THIS NOT MISUNDERSTANDING BUT RATHER JOKING TOGETHER? THOMSEN CHAPTER IN BECOMING MALE IN THE MIDDLE AGES. ISIDORE. LITERALLY SAYING THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT YOU MEAN. DILWYN KNOX BOOK ON IRONY. SERVIUS ON THE AENEID, DOES HE MENTION IRONY, AND ESPECIALLY DOES HE WRT DIDO? YES. LOOK THERE. -AE}}
|-
|[[Paulum]] [[conticuit]], [[sed1|sed]] [[postea]] [[talia2|talia]] [[reddit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.323; 10.530: ''talia reddit. '' ‘He answers thus.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[quid5|Quid]] [[lingua]] [[simulas]], [[quod]] [[ab]] [[imo]] [[pectore]] [[damnas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 6.55: ''pectore ab imo.'' . . ‘From his inmost heart. . .’ 11.840: ''imo pectore.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Oreque]] [[persuades]], [[toto1|toto]] [[quod]] [[corde]] [[refutas]],
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sit]] [[veluti]] [[talem]] [[pudor]] [[ingens1|ingens]] [[ducere]] [[nuptam]]?'
|
|{{Commentary|''Sit veluti…pudor'': “As if it were a disgrace to…!”
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vir]] [[sapiens]] [[contra1|contra]] [[respondit]] [[et]] [[intulit]] [[ista3|ista]]:
|240
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
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|[[absit]] [[quod]] [[memoras]]! [[dextrorsum]] [[porrige1|porrige]] [[sensum]]!
|
|{{Commentary|''Porrige'' equiv. to ''dirige'' ''Dextrosrum'': i.e., to what is favorable/correct.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.109: ''quod memoras''. . . ‘What you say. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Noris]] [[me1|me]] [[nihilum]] [[simulata]] [[me1|me]]nte [[locutum]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.105: ''sensit enim simulata mente locutam.'' ‘For she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[nebulae]] [[vel]] [[falsi]] [[interfore]] [[crede]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=falsi interfore}}
|
|-
|[[nullus2|Nullus]] [[adest]] [[nobis]] [[exceptis]] [[namque]] [[duobus]]:
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nossem]] [[temet]] [[mihi]] [[promptam]] [[impendere]] [[mentem]]
|245
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promptam impendere}}
|
|-
|[[Atque]] [[fidem]] [[votis]] [[servare]] [[per]] [[omnia]] [[cautis]],
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Pandere]] [[cuncta]] [[tibi]] [[cordis]] [[mysteria]] [[vellem]].'
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Tandem]] [[virgo]] [[viri]] [[genibus]] [[curvata]] [[profatur1|profatur]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[vocas]], [[mi]] [[domne]], [[sequar]] [[studiose]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Domne equiv. to Domine''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 4.114: ''perge, sequar.'' ‘Go on; I will follow.’ ''Eclogue ''3.49:'' veniam quocumque vocaris.'' ‘Wherever you challenge me, I’ll be there.’ ''Aeneid'' 5.22-23.: ''sequamur,/ quoque vocat, vertamus iter.'' ‘Let us follow, and turn our course whither she calls.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[placitis]] [[malim]] [[praeponere]] [[iussis]].'
|250
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ille1|Ille]] [[dehinc]]: '[[piget]] [[exilii]] [[me1|me]] [[denique]] [[nostri]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[patriae]] [[fines]] [[reminiscor]] [[saepe]] [[relictos]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 1.3: ''nos patriae finis et dulcia linquimus arva.'' ‘We are leaving our country’s bounds and sweet fields.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[fugam]] [[cupio]] [[celerare]] [[latentem]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.357: ''tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet.'' ‘Then he bids her take speedy flight.’ 3.666:'' nos procul inde fugam. . .celerare.'' ‘We speed our flight far from there.’ 9.378: ''celerare fugam.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[iam]] [[prae]] [[multis1|multis]] [[potuissem]] [[forte]] [[diebus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Prae multis…diebus'': “many days ago.” Classical authors use ''prae'' + abl. to mean “before” only in a spatial sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.342: ''forte diebus''. . .'' '' ‘In those days, as it chanced. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[non]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[remanere]] [[dolerem]].'
|255
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius170|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** '''Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)'''
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius256|next »]]
|[[Waltharius215English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius142

2009-12-09T16:42:16Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169) */

===Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)===
{|
|-
|[[Waltharius]] [[venit]], [[cui1|cui]] [[princeps]] [[talia2|talia]] [[pandit]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Ipse'': Waltharius, who begins speaking in line 146. (Attila’s repetition of his wife’s speech is elided.)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.179: ''remque ordine pando''. ‘I reveal all in order.’ 6.723: ''suscipit Anchises atque ordine singula pandit. '' ‘Anchises replies, and reveals each truth in order.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Uxorem]] [[suadens1|suadens]] [[sibi1|sibi]] [[ducere]]; [[sed1|sed]] [[tamen]] [[ipse]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Iam]] [[tum]] [[praemeditans]], [[quod]] [[post]] [[compleverat]] [[actis1|actis]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Quod'': obj. of ''praemeditans''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 21.14: ''non praemeditari quemadmodum respondeatis''. ‘Do not meditate before how you should answer.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[his1|His]] [[instiganti]] [[suggestibus]] [[obvius]] [[infit1|infit]]:
|145
|{{Commentary|''Suggestibus'' equiv. to ''consiliis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vestra]] [[quidem]] [[pietas]] [[est]], [[quod3|quod]] [[modici]] [[famulatus]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Modici famulatus'': genitive of description with ''causa'', meaning “of little importance” or “that has provided some small service.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Causam]] [[conspicitis]]. [[sed1|sed]] [[quod3|quod]] [[mea1|mea]] [[segnia]] [[mentis]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Causam'': here, as often in the ''Waltharius'', this word is practically the equivalent of ''res'' – well on its way to becoming French ''chose'', Italian/Spanish ''cosa'', “thing.” ''Mea segnia'': i.e., Waltharius’s delay in making a decision regarding marriage.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Intuitu]] [[fertis]], [[numquam]] [[meruisse]] [[valerem]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Mentis intuitu fertis'' equiv. to ''attenditis''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[sed1|Sed]] [[precor]], [[ut1|ut]] [[servi]] [[capiatis]] [[verba]] [[fidelis]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nuptam]] [[accipiam]] [[domini]] [[praecepta]] [[secundum1|secundum]],
|150
|{{Commentary|''Secundum'': the post-positive preposition
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=nuptam accipiam}}
|
|-
|[[Vinciar]] [[in]] [[primis]] [[curis]] [[et]] [[amore]] [[puellae]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[A]]tque [[a]] [[servitio]] [[regis]] [[plerumque]] [[retardor]]:
|
|{{Commentary|''Retardor'': Like ''cogor'' and ''moratur'' below, with a future sense.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=atque a}}
|
|-
|[[Aedificare]] [[domos]] [[cultumque]] [[intendere]] [[ruris]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=cultumque intendere}}
|
|-
|[[Cogor]], [[et]] [[hoc2|hoc]] [[oculis]] [[senioris]] [[adesse]] [[moratur]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[solitam]] [[regno]] [[Hunorum]] [[impendere]] [[curam]].
|155
|
|{{Parallel|''Georgics'' 2.433: ''et dubitant homines serere atque impendere curam?'' ‘And can men be slow to plant and bestow care?’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=Hunorum impendere|hiatus=regno Hunorum}}
|
|-
|[[Namque]] [[voluptatem]] [[quisquis]] [[gustaverit]], [[exin]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Intolerabilius]] [[consuevit]] [[ferre]] [[labores]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Intolerabilius'': here active in sense, “with less tolerance.”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nil2|Nil]] [[tam]] [[dulce]] [[mihi]], [[quam]] [[semper]] [[inesse]] [[fideli]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|This is a particularly acute manifestation of the Germanic warrior ethos – love for the lord above all else. However, since the audience knows Walther is promised to Hildegund, and we will soon see them plotting together against Attila, it has the ring of irony. -AE}}
|-
|[[Obsequio]] [[domini]]; [[quare]] [[precor1|precor]] [[absque]] [[iugali]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|The language here echoes Aeneid 4.16, which reads, “ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali….” Dido says this to her sister Anna, talking about how she might fall for Aeneas if only she had not decided to avoid “nuptial chains.” Dido goes on to fall for Aeneas, just as Walther, despite what he says, will go on to marry Hildegund. The other parallel, which will return later in the poem, is between Attila and Dido, who are the ones the hero leaves behind. -AE}}
|-
|[[me1|Me]] [[vinclo]] [[permitte]] [[me1|me]]am [[iam]] [[ducere]] [[vitam]].
|160
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Malachim IV ''5.2: ''Quae erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman.'' ‘She waited upon Naaman’s wife.’ ''Aeneid 4.16:'' ''ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali. . .'' ‘To ally myself with none in bond of wedlock. . .’
 ''Aeineid'' 3.315: ''vitamque extrema per omnia duco''. ‘I drag on my life through all extremes.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[sero]] [[aut]] [[medio1|medio]] [[noctis]] [[mihi]] [[tempore]] [[mandas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Marcum'' 13.35: ''sero an media nocte''. . . ‘At evening or at midnight. . .’'' Aeineid'' 8.407: ''medio noctis.'' . . ‘In the middle of the night. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS|elision=sero aut}}
|
|-
|[[Ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[iubes]], [[securus]] [[et]] [[ibo]] [[paratus]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[bellis]] [[nullae]] [[persuadent]] [[cedere]] [[curae]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[nati]] [[aut]] [[coniunx]] [[retrahentque]] [[fugamque]] [[movebunt]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS|elision=nati aut}}
|
|-
|[[Testor]] [[per]] [[propriam]] [[temet1|temet]], [[pater1|pater]] [[optime]], [[vitam]]
|165
|{{Commentary|''Testor'': here construed like ''precor'' with a purpose clause, joining an oath to an earnest request.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 3.599-600.: ''per sidera testor,/ per superos atque hoc caeli spirabile lumen,/ tollite me. '' ‘By the stars I beseech you, by the gods above and this lightsome air we breathe, take me.’ 1.555: ''pater optime. . . '' ‘Noble father. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|It is strange that Walther refers to Attila as his father here. This phrase (pater optime) also appears in Aeneid 1.555, where it seems to refer to Jupiter. This may be an instance of religious language here as well, with Walther calling upon his heavenly Father.}}
|-
|[[Atque]] [[per]] [[invictam]] [[nunc]] [[gentem]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Nunc'': an ironic touch? (Cf. line 144)
}}
|
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ut1|Ut]] [[non]] [[ulterius1|ulterius]] [[me1|me]] [[cogas]] [[sumere]] [[taedas]].'
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[His]] [[precibus]] [[victus]] [[suasus]] [[rex]] [[deserit]] [[omnes1|omnes]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sperans]] [[Waltharium]] [[fugiendo]] [[recedere]] [[numquam]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius123|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** '''Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)'''
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius170|next »]]
|[[Waltharius142English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius123

2009-12-09T16:17:45Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141) */

===Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)===
{|
|-
|[[Ospirin]] [[elapsum]] [[Haganonem]] [[regia]] [[coniunx]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Ospirin'': The queen’s name is not found elsewhere. The Roman historian Jordanes (''Getica'' 49) speaks of Attila’s ''innumerabiles uxores''.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 2.783: ''illic res laetae regnumque et regia coniunx''. ‘There in store for you are happy days, kingship, and a royal wife.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|hiatus=elapsum Haganonem}}
|{{Comment|Ospirin's name- TO DO, some information in Althof and Beck. -AE
}}
|-
|[[Attendens]] [[domino1|domino]] [[suggessit]] [[talia2|talia]] [[dicta]]:
|
|{{Commentary|Two examples of slight semantic drift away from Classical Latin: ''Attendens'': “noticing” (rather than “directing attention towards”) ''Suggessit'': “offered, advised” (rather than “supplied, provided”)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.852: ''talia dicta dabat''. ‘Such words he said.’ 2.6: ''talia fando''. ‘In telling such a tale. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Provideat]] [[caveatque]], [[precor]], [[sollertia]] [[regis]],
|125
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 12.15: ''videte et cavete''. ‘Take heed and beware.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDD}}
|
|-
|[[Ne]] [[vestri]] [[imperii]] [[labatur]] [[forte]] [[columna]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Vestri'': the 2nd person plural to indicate respect in addressing a single person (cf. French ''vous'', German ''Sie'') is not found in Classical authors.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=vestri imperii}}
|{{Comment|Ospirin uses the second person plural when speaking to her husband in this passage, and in line [[Waltharius358|376]]. Walther also uses the second person plural to speak to Attila (lines [[Waltharius142|146]], [[Waltharius287|306]]), and Hildegund uses it for Walther (line [[Waltharius256|257]]). This suggests that the poet is using this formality either because of Attila’s office or because of the woman-to-man relationship. The use of the second person plural to indicate respect for a single person is a feature of Later Latin not found in Classical authors. -AE
The figure of Walther as columna imperii reappears in line [[Waltharius358|376]] after Walther and Hildegund flee. -AE}}
|-
|[[hoc6|Hoc]] [[est]], [[Waltharius]] [[vester]] [[discedat]] [[amicus1|amicus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Discedat'': still governed by ''ne''.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[quo1|quo]] [[magna1|magna]] [[potestatis]] [[vis]] [[extitit]] [[huius]];
|
|{{Commentary|''Potestatis'' equiv. to ''regni''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nam1|Nam]] [[vereor]], [[ne]] [[fors]] [[fugiens1|fugiens]] [[Haganonem]] [[imitetur]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|elision=Haganonem imitetur}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[meam1|meam]] [[perpendite]] [[nunc]] [[rationem]]:
|130
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[cum1|Cum]] [[primum1|primum]] [[veniat]], [[haec2|haec]] [[illi]] [[dicite]] [[verba]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Servitio]] [[in]] [[nostro]] [[magnos]] [[plerumque]] [[labores]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=servitio in}}
|
|-
|[[Passus eras]] [[ideoque]] [[scias]], [[quod3|quod]] [[gratia]] [[nostra3|nostra]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.421: ''Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores?'' ‘Turnus, will you endure all these labours spent in vain?’ 12.32-33.: ''me casus, quae, Turne, sequantur/ bella, vides, quantos primus patiare labores. '' ‘You see what perils, Turnus, what wars pursue me, what heavy burdens you bear above all.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|falsequantities=extra syllable}}
|
|-
|[[Prae]] [[cunctis]] [[temet1|temet]] [[nimium]] [[dilexit]] [[amicis]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 9.430: ''tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum.'' ‘He but loved his hapless friend too well.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[volo]] [[plus1|plus]] [[factis]] [[te3|te]] [[quam]] [[cognoscere]] [[dictis1|dictis]]:
|135
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Elige]] [[de]] [[satrapis]] [[nuptam]] [[tibi1|tibi]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''De satrapis'' equiv. to ''de filiabus satraparum''; cf. note on line 43.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Iudicum'' 3.3: ''quinque satrapas Philisthinorum''. . . ‘Five princes of the Philistines. . .’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|Satrap has a decidedly negative and foreign connotation in the Vulgate Bible, where it refers to leaders of the Philistines (Judges, I Kings), leaders appointed by Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel), and leaders following the evil Haman (Esther). The banquet (described in [[Waltharius287|line 287 and following]]) that Walther throws for the Huns recalls the banquet that Esther gives for Assuerus and Haman in the Book of Esther. Although Lewis and Short gives a technical and specific definition (“a governor of a province, a viceroy among the Persians”), it is likely that the Waltharius poet uses it in a more general sense, perhaps because of the poetic limitations. Using the word here implicitly compares the Huns to the foreign enemies of the Bible, emphasizing their strangeness. -AE}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[non]] [[pauperiem]] [[propriam]] [[perpendere]] [[cures]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Amplificabo]] [[quidem]] [[valde]] [[te]] [[rure]] [[domique1|domique]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Rure domique'': apparently an ablative of means followed by a locative. Probably one should be assimilated to the other in translation; both possibilities yield acceptable sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Genesis'' 17.20: ''et augebo et multiplicabo eum valde''. ‘I will increase him, and multiply him exceedingly.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[qui3|qui]]squam, [[qui3|qui]] [[dat]] [[sponsam1|sponsam]], [[post1|post]] [[facta3|facta]] [[pudebit]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Pudebit'': A personal construction, unusual in Classical Latin, though cf. Plaut. ''Cas''. 5.2.3.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|Property rights, Walther's and Hildegund's, what happened to hostages who were heirs, TO DO. -AE}}
|-
|[[Quod]] [[si]] [[completis]], [[illum2|illum]] [[stabilire]] [[potestis]].'
|140
|{{Commentary|''Stabilire'': the verb is used with human direct objects in the Vulgate Bible in the sense of “to sustain,” but here it probably has its more literal meaning, continuing the metaphor of the ''columna'' from line 126, as Wieland suggests.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Hiezecihel Propheta'' 4.6: ''et cum conpleveris haec. .'' . ‘And when thou hast accomplished this. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Complacuit]] [[sermo]] [[regi1|regi]] [[coepitque]] [[parari]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Psalmi'' 18.15: ''et erunt ut conplaceant eloquia oris mei.'' ‘And the words of my mouth shall be such as may please.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius116|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** '''Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)'''
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius142|next »]]
|[[Waltharius123English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius123

2009-12-09T16:16:17Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141) */

===Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)===
{|
|-
|[[Ospirin]] [[elapsum]] [[Haganonem]] [[regia]] [[coniunx]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Ospirin'': The queen’s name is not found elsewhere. The Roman historian Jordanes (''Getica'' 49) speaks of Attila’s ''innumerabiles uxores''.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 2.783: ''illic res laetae regnumque et regia coniunx''. ‘There in store for you are happy days, kingship, and a royal wife.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|hiatus=elapsum Haganonem}}
|{{Comment|Ospirin's name- TO DO, some information in Althof and Beck. -AE
}}
|-
|[[Attendens]] [[domino1|domino]] [[suggessit]] [[talia2|talia]] [[dicta]]:
|
|{{Commentary|Two examples of slight semantic drift away from Classical Latin: ''Attendens'': “noticing” (rather than “directing attention towards”) ''Suggessit'': “offered, advised” (rather than “supplied, provided”)
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.852: ''talia dicta dabat''. ‘Such words he said.’ 2.6: ''talia fando''. ‘In telling such a tale. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Provideat]] [[caveatque]], [[precor]], [[sollertia]] [[regis]],
|125
|
|{{Parallel|''Secundum Lucam'' 12.15: ''videte et cavete''. ‘Take heed and beware.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDD}}
|
|-
|[[Ne]] [[vestri]] [[imperii]] [[labatur]] [[forte]] [[columna]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Vestri'': the 2nd person plural to indicate respect in addressing a single person (cf. French ''vous'', German ''Sie'') is not found in Classical authors.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=vestri imperii}}
|{{Comment|Ospirin uses the second person plural when speaking to her husband in this passage, and in line [[Waltharius358|376]]. Walther also uses the second person plural to speak to Attila (lines [[Waltharius142|146]], [[Waltharius287|306]]), and Hildegund uses it for Walther (line [[Waltharius256|257]]). This suggests that the poet is using this formality either because of Attila’s office or because of the woman-to-man relationship. As mentioned in the wiki commentary, this is a feature of Later Latin. -AE
The figure of Walther as columna imperii reappears in line [[Waltharius358|376]] after Walther and Hildegund flee. -AE}}
|-
|[[hoc6|Hoc]] [[est]], [[Waltharius]] [[vester]] [[discedat]] [[amicus1|amicus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Discedat'': still governed by ''ne''.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[In]] [[quo1|quo]] [[magna1|magna]] [[potestatis]] [[vis]] [[extitit]] [[huius]];
|
|{{Commentary|''Potestatis'' equiv. to ''regni''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[nam1|Nam]] [[vereor]], [[ne]] [[fors]] [[fugiens1|fugiens]] [[Haganonem]] [[imitetur]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|elision=Haganonem imitetur}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[meam1|meam]] [[perpendite]] [[nunc]] [[rationem]]:
|130
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[cum1|Cum]] [[primum1|primum]] [[veniat]], [[haec2|haec]] [[illi]] [[dicite]] [[verba]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Servitio]] [[in]] [[nostro]] [[magnos]] [[plerumque]] [[labores]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=servitio in}}
|
|-
|[[Passus eras]] [[ideoque]] [[scias]], [[quod3|quod]] [[gratia]] [[nostra3|nostra]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.421: ''Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores?'' ‘Turnus, will you endure all these labours spent in vain?’ 12.32-33.: ''me casus, quae, Turne, sequantur/ bella, vides, quantos primus patiare labores. '' ‘You see what perils, Turnus, what wars pursue me, what heavy burdens you bear above all.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|falsequantities=extra syllable}}
|
|-
|[[Prae]] [[cunctis]] [[temet1|temet]] [[nimium]] [[dilexit]] [[amicis]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 9.430: ''tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum.'' ‘He but loved his hapless friend too well.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[volo]] [[plus1|plus]] [[factis]] [[te3|te]] [[quam]] [[cognoscere]] [[dictis1|dictis]]:
|135
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Elige]] [[de]] [[satrapis]] [[nuptam]] [[tibi1|tibi]] [[Pannoniarum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''De satrapis'' equiv. to ''de filiabus satraparum''; cf. note on line 43.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Iudicum'' 3.3: ''quinque satrapas Philisthinorum''. . . ‘Five princes of the Philistines. . .’
}}
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|Satrap has a decidedly negative and foreign connotation in the Vulgate Bible, where it refers to leaders of the Philistines (Judges, I Kings), leaders appointed by Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel), and leaders following the evil Haman (Esther). The banquet (described in [[Waltharius287|line 287 and following]]) that Walther throws for the Huns recalls the banquet that Esther gives for Assuerus and Haman in the Book of Esther. Although Lewis and Short gives a technical and specific definition (“a governor of a province, a viceroy among the Persians”), it is likely that the Waltharius poet uses it in a more general sense, perhaps because of the poetic limitations. Using the word here implicitly compares the Huns to the foreign enemies of the Bible, emphasizing their strangeness. -AE}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[non]] [[pauperiem]] [[propriam]] [[perpendere]] [[cures]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Amplificabo]] [[quidem]] [[valde]] [[te]] [[rure]] [[domique1|domique]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Rure domique'': apparently an ablative of means followed by a locative. Probably one should be assimilated to the other in translation; both possibilities yield acceptable sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Genesis'' 17.20: ''et augebo et multiplicabo eum valde''. ‘I will increase him, and multiply him exceedingly.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[qui3|qui]]squam, [[qui3|qui]] [[dat]] [[sponsam1|sponsam]], [[post1|post]] [[facta3|facta]] [[pudebit]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Pudebit'': A personal construction, unusual in Classical Latin, though cf. Plaut. ''Cas''. 5.2.3.
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|Property rights, Walther's and Hildegund's, what happened to hostages who were heirs, TO DO. -AE}}
|-
|[[Quod]] [[si]] [[completis]], [[illum2|illum]] [[stabilire]] [[potestis]].'
|140
|{{Commentary|''Stabilire'': the verb is used with human direct objects in the Vulgate Bible in the sense of “to sustain,” but here it probably has its more literal meaning, continuing the metaphor of the ''columna'' from line 126, as Wieland suggests.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Hiezecihel Propheta'' 4.6: ''et cum conpleveris haec. .'' . ‘And when thou hast accomplished this. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Complacuit]] [[sermo]] [[regi1|regi]] [[coepitque]] [[parari]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Psalmi'' 18.15: ''et erunt ut conplaceant eloquia oris mei.'' ‘And the words of my mouth shall be such as may please.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius116|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** '''Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)'''
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius142|next »]]
|[[Waltharius123English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius215

2009-12-08T17:14:13Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) */

===Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)===
{|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[palatini]] [[decurrunt]] [[arce]] [[ministri]]
|215
|{{Commentary|''Palatini'': “palace servants”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 481: ''ecce Palatinus. . .minister. . . '' ‘See the servant of the palace. . .’ ''Aeineid'' 2.41: ''Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce''. ‘Laocoon in hot haste runs down from the citadel’s height.’ 11.490: ''fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce.'' ‘He shone with gold as he ran down from the fortress height.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illius]] [[aspectu]] [[hilares]] [[equitemque]] [[tenebant]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Illius'' equiv. to ''Waltharii'', objective genitive. ''Equitem'' equiv. to ''equum''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|hiatus=aspectu hilares|falsequantities=illius}}
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|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vir]] [[sella]] [[descenderet]] [[inclitus]] [[alta]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[bene]] [[res]] [[vergant]], [[tum]] [[demum]] [[forte]] [[requirunt]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Si…vergant'': indirect question
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[ille3|Ille]] [[aliquid]] [[modicum]] [[narrans]] [[intraverat]] [[aulam]],
|
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|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 4.2: ''non enim erat licitum indutum sacco aulam regis intrare.'' ‘For no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king’s court.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=ille aliquid}}
|
|-
|[[lassus]] [[enim1|enim]] [[fuerat]]), [[regisque]] [[cubile]] [[petebat]].
|220
|{{Commentary|''Cubile equiv. to cubiculum''
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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|[[Illic]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[offendit]] [[residentem]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=solam offendit}}
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|[[Cui]] [[post]] [[amplexus]] [[atque]] [[oscula]] [[dulcia]] [[dixit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.687: ''cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet. . .'' ‘When she takes you to her bosom, embraces you and imprints sweet kisses. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS|elision=atque oscula}}
|
|-
|[[ocius]] [[huc]] [[potum]] [[ferto]], [[quia]] [[fessus]] [[anhelo]].'
|
|{{Commentary|''Ocius'': as often in the ''Waltharius'', an adverb’s comparative form is used without any real comparative sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|Statius ''Thebaid'' 11.7-8.: ''Phlegrae ceu fessus anhelet/ proelia. . . '' ‘As though he were breathless and weary after Phlegra’s fight. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[illa2|Illa]] [[mero]] [[tallum]] [[complevit]] [[mox]] [[pretiosum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Tallum'': “cup, goblet” – a Germanism.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 1.729: ''implevitque mero pateram''. ‘She filled the cup with wine.’ ''Liber II Macchabeorum'' 14.4: ''. . .offerens ei. . .tallos qui templi esse videbantur.'' ‘. . .Offering to him. . .boughs which seemed to belong to the temple.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-224.png
File:Waltharius-Line-224_1.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The trope of a woman offering drink or other reward for military service to the hero is common to both Classical and Germanic traditions. In Aeneid 1.729, Dido offers Aeneas wine. The word used there is implevit, which is echoed in the Waltharius by complevit. This theme is also present in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf. After killing Grendel, Beowulf receives a necklace and a byrnie from Wealtheow, Hrothgar’s wife (l. 1215-1220). Before the contest with Grendel, Wealtheow offers Beowulf drink (1. 623-625), on his homecoming, Queen Hygd, the wife of Hygelac, also distributes mead (l. 1980-1983), and Beowulf also talks of Freawaru, Hrothgar’s daughter, distributing mead. Conincidently, Freawaru marries Ingeld, of whom Alcuin wrote to a bishop named Speratus, scolding him for listening to songs and stories of pagan heros, writing “What has Ingeld to do with Christ?” [I am not sure what to make of the reference on the wiki to 2 Maccabees. It doesn’t seem to connect either in language or in content.] -AE}}
|-
|[[Porrexitque]] [[viro]], [[qui3|qui]] [[signans]] [[accipiebat]]
|225
|{{Commentary|''Signans'': “making the sign of the Cross” before partaking of the drink.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 8.274: ''pocula porgite dextris.'' ‘Stretch forth the cup in your hands.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|{{Comment|It seems that signans must be translated as Kratz does: “…gave it to the man, who, as he took it, crossed / himself, and pressed the maiden’s hand with his….” This translation is overtly Christian, but it is difficult to make sense of the passage otherwise. Additionally, Du Cange gives this definition as the first one and traces back to Tertullian, so it would likely have carried that connotation to a ninth or tenth century author or audience, especially if it were monastic. -AE}}
|-
|[[Virgineamque]] [[manum]] [[propria1|propria]] [[constrinxit]]. [[at]] [[illa2|illa]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Astitit]] [[et]] [[vultum]] r[[et]]icens [[intendit]] [[herilem]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Walthariusque]] [[bibens]] [[vacuum]] [[vas]] [[porrigit]] [[olli]]
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.254: ''olli subridens. . . '' ‘Smiling on her. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[ambo1|Ambo]] [[etenim]] [[norant]] [[de]] [[se2|se]] [[sponsalia]] [[facta1|facta]] --
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=ambo etenim}}
|{{Comment|This is one of the few hints given to the chronology of the first part of the poem. We know that when the hostages were taken, Gunther was too young to leave his mother, and we know that the three children are essentially adults by the time they leave (Hildegund is old enough to serve as quartermistress, and the boys have become warriors), and here we learn that Hildegund and Walther were both old enough when they were taken that they remember they are betrothed. -AE}}
|-
|[[Provocat]] [[et]] [[tali1|tali]] [[caram]] [[sermone]] [[puellam]]:
|230
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[exilium]] [[pariter]] [[patimur]] [[iam]] [[tempore]] [[tanto1|tanto]],
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.638: ''exsiliumque pati. . .'' ‘to suffer exile. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|The theme of exile is another that is common to both Classical and Germanic poems. In Anglo-Saxon, the elegies The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and The Wife’s Lament each recount sad stories of exile. In the Aeneid, the phrase exsilium pati appears, describing what Aeneas’s father will not do (l. 2.638). Additionally, as Walther and Hildegund go into exile for the sake of their earthly fathers, and Hagen does so for the sake of his earthly lord, religious figures of their period underwent exile or wandering for the sake of God. -AE}}
|-
|[[Non]] [[ignorantes]], [[quid5|quid]] [[nostri1|nostri]] [[forte]] [[parentes]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Inter]] [[se4|se]] [[nostra]] [[de]] [[re]] [[fecere]] [[futura]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Quamne]] [[diu]] [[tacito]] [[premimus]] [[haec2|haec]] [[ipsa]] [[palato]]?'
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.103: ''non ipse suo premit ore Latinus.'' ‘Latinus keeps not shut within his own lips.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Virgo]] [[per]] [[hyroniam]] [[meditans]] [[hoc4|hoc]] [[dicere]] [[sponsum]]
|235
|{{Commentary|''Per hyroniam'': “ironically,” i.e., insincerely, to tease her.
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|This passage, particularly the word hyronium in line 235, is at the heart of many scholars’ arguments about irony in the poem. It is clear from this passage that the poet understands the phenomenon of irony, and that he uses it for humorous effect, at least in this instance. However, it is not clear from this passage whether the poet meant anything more than entertainment, let alone the Christian conversion message which Parkes argues the irony encodes (“Irony in Waltharius”). This passage is funny because the betrothed misunderstand each other, not because the poet somehow subverts pagan values. Indeed, Walther is not even being ironic. It is only that Hildegund thinks he is. MORE HERE. SPELLING IDENTICAL IN CHRONICON. IS THIS NOT MISUNDERSTANDING BUT RATHER JOKING TOGETHER? THOMSEN CHAPTER IN BECOMING MALE IN THE MIDDLE AGES. ISIDORE. LITERALLY SAYING THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT YOU MEAN. DILWYN KNOX BOOK ON IRONY. SERVIUS ON THE AENEID, DOES HE MENTION IRONY, AND ESPECIALLY DOES HE WRT DIDO? YES. LOOK THERE. -AE}}
|-
|[[Paulum]] [[conticuit]], [[sed1|sed]] [[postea]] [[talia2|talia]] [[reddit]]:
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.323; 10.530: ''talia reddit. '' ‘He answers thus.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
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|[[quid5|Quid]] [[lingua]] [[simulas]], [[quod]] [[ab]] [[imo]] [[pectore]] [[damnas]],
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 6.55: ''pectore ab imo.'' . . ‘From his inmost heart. . .’ 11.840: ''imo pectore.''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Oreque]] [[persuades]], [[toto1|toto]] [[quod]] [[corde]] [[refutas]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Sit]] [[veluti]] [[talem]] [[pudor]] [[ingens1|ingens]] [[ducere]] [[nuptam]]?'
|
|{{Commentary|''Sit veluti…pudor'': “As if it were a disgrace to…!”
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Vir]] [[sapiens]] [[contra1|contra]] [[respondit]] [[et]] [[intulit]] [[ista3|ista]]:
|240
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[absit]] [[quod]] [[memoras]]! [[dextrorsum]] [[porrige1|porrige]] [[sensum]]!
|
|{{Commentary|''Porrige'' equiv. to ''dirige'' ''Dextrosrum'': i.e., to what is favorable/correct.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.109: ''quod memoras''. . . ‘What you say. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[Noris]] [[me1|me]] [[nihilum]] [[simulata]] [[me1|me]]nte [[locutum]]
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.105: ''sensit enim simulata mente locutam.'' ‘For she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[nebulae]] [[vel]] [[falsi]] [[interfore]] [[crede]].
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=falsi interfore}}
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|[[nullus2|Nullus]] [[adest]] [[nobis]] [[exceptis]] [[namque]] [[duobus]]:
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[nossem]] [[temet]] [[mihi]] [[promptam]] [[impendere]] [[mentem]]
|245
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promptam impendere}}
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|[[Atque]] [[fidem]] [[votis]] [[servare]] [[per]] [[omnia]] [[cautis]],
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[Pandere]] [[cuncta]] [[tibi]] [[cordis]] [[mysteria]] [[vellem]].'
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[Tandem]] [[virgo]] [[viri]] [[genibus]] [[curvata]] [[profatur1|profatur]]:
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[vocas]], [[mi]] [[domne]], [[sequar]] [[studiose]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Domne equiv. to Domine''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 4.114: ''perge, sequar.'' ‘Go on; I will follow.’ ''Eclogue ''3.49:'' veniam quocumque vocaris.'' ‘Wherever you challenge me, I’ll be there.’ ''Aeneid'' 5.22-23.: ''sequamur,/ quoque vocat, vertamus iter.'' ‘Let us follow, and turn our course whither she calls.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
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|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[placitis]] [[malim]] [[praeponere]] [[iussis]].'
|250
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[ille1|Ille]] [[dehinc]]: '[[piget]] [[exilii]] [[me1|me]] [[denique]] [[nostri]]
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[patriae]] [[fines]] [[reminiscor]] [[saepe]] [[relictos]]
|
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|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 1.3: ''nos patriae finis et dulcia linquimus arva.'' ‘We are leaving our country’s bounds and sweet fields.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Idcircoque]] [[fugam]] [[cupio]] [[celerare]] [[latentem]].
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.357: ''tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet.'' ‘Then he bids her take speedy flight.’ 3.666:'' nos procul inde fugam. . .celerare.'' ‘We speed our flight far from there.’ 9.378: ''celerare fugam.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[iam]] [[prae]] [[multis1|multis]] [[potuissem]] [[forte]] [[diebus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Prae multis…diebus'': “many days ago.” Classical authors use ''prae'' + abl. to mean “before” only in a spatial sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.342: ''forte diebus''. . .'' '' ‘In those days, as it chanced. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
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|[[Si]] [[non]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[remanere]] [[dolerem]].'
|255
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius170|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** '''Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)'''
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius256|next »]]
|[[Waltharius215English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius215

2009-12-08T17:13:27Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) */

===Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)===
{|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[palatini]] [[decurrunt]] [[arce]] [[ministri]]
|215
|{{Commentary|''Palatini'': “palace servants”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 481: ''ecce Palatinus. . .minister. . . '' ‘See the servant of the palace. . .’ ''Aeineid'' 2.41: ''Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce''. ‘Laocoon in hot haste runs down from the citadel’s height.’ 11.490: ''fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce.'' ‘He shone with gold as he ran down from the fortress height.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illius]] [[aspectu]] [[hilares]] [[equitemque]] [[tenebant]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Illius'' equiv. to ''Waltharii'', objective genitive. ''Equitem'' equiv. to ''equum''
}}
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|hiatus=aspectu hilares|falsequantities=illius}}
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|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vir]] [[sella]] [[descenderet]] [[inclitus]] [[alta]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[bene]] [[res]] [[vergant]], [[tum]] [[demum]] [[forte]] [[requirunt]].
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|{{Commentary|''Si…vergant'': indirect question
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[ille3|Ille]] [[aliquid]] [[modicum]] [[narrans]] [[intraverat]] [[aulam]],
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|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 4.2: ''non enim erat licitum indutum sacco aulam regis intrare.'' ‘For no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king’s court.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=ille aliquid}}
|
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|[[lassus]] [[enim1|enim]] [[fuerat]]), [[regisque]] [[cubile]] [[petebat]].
|220
|{{Commentary|''Cubile equiv. to cubiculum''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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|[[Illic]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[offendit]] [[residentem]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=solam offendit}}
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|[[Cui]] [[post]] [[amplexus]] [[atque]] [[oscula]] [[dulcia]] [[dixit]]:
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.687: ''cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet. . .'' ‘When she takes you to her bosom, embraces you and imprints sweet kisses. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS|elision=atque oscula}}
|
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|[[ocius]] [[huc]] [[potum]] [[ferto]], [[quia]] [[fessus]] [[anhelo]].'
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|{{Commentary|''Ocius'': as often in the ''Waltharius'', an adverb’s comparative form is used without any real comparative sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|Statius ''Thebaid'' 11.7-8.: ''Phlegrae ceu fessus anhelet/ proelia. . . '' ‘As though he were breathless and weary after Phlegra’s fight. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[illa2|Illa]] [[mero]] [[tallum]] [[complevit]] [[mox]] [[pretiosum]]
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|{{Commentary|''Tallum'': “cup, goblet” – a Germanism.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 1.729: ''implevitque mero pateram''. ‘She filled the cup with wine.’ ''Liber II Macchabeorum'' 14.4: ''. . .offerens ei. . .tallos qui templi esse videbantur.'' ‘. . .Offering to him. . .boughs which seemed to belong to the temple.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-224.png
File:Waltharius-Line-224_1.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The trope of a woman offering drink or other reward for military service to the hero is common to both Classical and Germanic traditions. In Aeneid 1.729, Dido offers Aeneas wine. The word used there is implevit, which is echoed in the Waltharius by complevit. This theme is also present in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf. After killing Grendel, Beowulf receives a necklace and a byrnie from Wealtheow, Hrothgar’s wife (l. 1215-1220). Before the contest with Grendel, Wealtheow offers Beowulf drink (1. 623-625), on his homecoming, Queen Hygd, the wife of Hygelac, also distributes mead (l. 1980-1983), and Beowulf also talks of Freawaru, Hrothgar’s daughter, distributing mead. Conincidently, Freawaru marries Ingeld, of whom Alcuin wrote to a bishop named Speratus, scolding him for listening to songs and stories of pagan heros, writing “What has Ingeld to do with Christ?” [I am not sure what to make of the reference on the wiki to 2 Maccabees. It doesn’t seem to connect either in language or in content.] -AE}}
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|[[Porrexitque]] [[viro]], [[qui3|qui]] [[signans]] [[accipiebat]]
|225
|{{Commentary|''Signans'': “making the sign of the Cross” before partaking of the drink.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 8.274: ''pocula porgite dextris.'' ‘Stretch forth the cup in your hands.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|{{Comment|It seems that signans must be translated as Kratz does: “…gave it to the man, who, as he took it, crossed / himself, and pressed the maiden’s hand with his….” This translation is overtly Christian, but it is difficult to make sense of the passage otherwise. Additionally, Du Cange gives this definition as the first one and traces back to Tertullian, so it would likely have carried that connotation to a ninth or tenth century author or audience, especially if it were monastic. -AE}}
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|[[Virgineamque]] [[manum]] [[propria1|propria]] [[constrinxit]]. [[at]] [[illa2|illa]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Astitit]] [[et]] [[vultum]] r[[et]]icens [[intendit]] [[herilem]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Walthariusque]] [[bibens]] [[vacuum]] [[vas]] [[porrigit]] [[olli]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.254: ''olli subridens. . . '' ‘Smiling on her. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[ambo1|Ambo]] [[etenim]] [[norant]] [[de]] [[se2|se]] [[sponsalia]] [[facta1|facta]] --
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=ambo etenim}}
|{{Comment|This is one of the few hints given to the chronology of the first part of the poem. We know that when the hostages were taken, Gunther was too young to leave his mother, and we know that the three children are essentially adults by the time they leave (Hildegund is old enough to serve as quartermistress, and the boys have become warriors), and here we learn that Hildegund and Walther were both old enough when they were taken that they remember they are betrothed. -AE}}
|-
|[[Provocat]] [[et]] [[tali1|tali]] [[caram]] [[sermone]] [[puellam]]:
|230
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[exilium]] [[pariter]] [[patimur]] [[iam]] [[tempore]] [[tanto1|tanto]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.638: ''exsiliumque pati. . .'' ‘to suffer exile. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|{{Comment|The theme of exile is another that is common to both Classical and Germanic poems. In Anglo-Saxon, the elegies The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and The Wife’s Lament each recount sad stories of exile. In the Aeneid, the phrase exsilium pati appears, describing what Aeneas’s father will not do (l. 2.638). Additionally, as Walther and Hildegund go into exile for the sake of their earthly fathers, and Hagen does so for the sake of his earthly lord, religious figures of their period underwent exile or wandering for the sake of God. -AE}}
|-
|[[Non]] [[ignorantes]], [[quid5|quid]] [[nostri1|nostri]] [[forte]] [[parentes]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Inter]] [[se4|se]] [[nostra]] [[de]] [[re]] [[fecere]] [[futura]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Quamne]] [[diu]] [[tacito]] [[premimus]] [[haec2|haec]] [[ipsa]] [[palato]]?'
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.103: ''non ipse suo premit ore Latinus.'' ‘Latinus keeps not shut within his own lips.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Virgo]] [[per]] [[hyroniam]] [[meditans]] [[hoc4|hoc]] [[dicere]] [[sponsum]]
|235
|{{Commentary|''Per hyroniam'': “ironically,” i.e., insincerely, to tease her.
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Paulum]] [[conticuit]], [[sed1|sed]] [[postea]] [[talia2|talia]] [[reddit]]:
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.323; 10.530: ''talia reddit. '' ‘He answers thus.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
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|[[quid5|Quid]] [[lingua]] [[simulas]], [[quod]] [[ab]] [[imo]] [[pectore]] [[damnas]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 6.55: ''pectore ab imo.'' . . ‘From his inmost heart. . .’ 11.840: ''imo pectore.''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Oreque]] [[persuades]], [[toto1|toto]] [[quod]] [[corde]] [[refutas]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Sit]] [[veluti]] [[talem]] [[pudor]] [[ingens1|ingens]] [[ducere]] [[nuptam]]?'
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|{{Commentary|''Sit veluti…pudor'': “As if it were a disgrace to…!”
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Vir]] [[sapiens]] [[contra1|contra]] [[respondit]] [[et]] [[intulit]] [[ista3|ista]]:
|240
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[absit]] [[quod]] [[memoras]]! [[dextrorsum]] [[porrige1|porrige]] [[sensum]]!
|
|{{Commentary|''Porrige'' equiv. to ''dirige'' ''Dextrosrum'': i.e., to what is favorable/correct.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.109: ''quod memoras''. . . ‘What you say. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[Noris]] [[me1|me]] [[nihilum]] [[simulata]] [[me1|me]]nte [[locutum]]
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.105: ''sensit enim simulata mente locutam.'' ‘For she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[nebulae]] [[vel]] [[falsi]] [[interfore]] [[crede]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=falsi interfore}}
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|[[nullus2|Nullus]] [[adest]] [[nobis]] [[exceptis]] [[namque]] [[duobus]]:
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[nossem]] [[temet]] [[mihi]] [[promptam]] [[impendere]] [[mentem]]
|245
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promptam impendere}}
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|[[Atque]] [[fidem]] [[votis]] [[servare]] [[per]] [[omnia]] [[cautis]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[Pandere]] [[cuncta]] [[tibi]] [[cordis]] [[mysteria]] [[vellem]].'
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[Tandem]] [[virgo]] [[viri]] [[genibus]] [[curvata]] [[profatur1|profatur]]:
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[vocas]], [[mi]] [[domne]], [[sequar]] [[studiose]]
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|{{Commentary|''Domne equiv. to Domine''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 4.114: ''perge, sequar.'' ‘Go on; I will follow.’ ''Eclogue ''3.49:'' veniam quocumque vocaris.'' ‘Wherever you challenge me, I’ll be there.’ ''Aeneid'' 5.22-23.: ''sequamur,/ quoque vocat, vertamus iter.'' ‘Let us follow, and turn our course whither she calls.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
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|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[placitis]] [[malim]] [[praeponere]] [[iussis]].'
|250
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[ille1|Ille]] [[dehinc]]: '[[piget]] [[exilii]] [[me1|me]] [[denique]] [[nostri]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[patriae]] [[fines]] [[reminiscor]] [[saepe]] [[relictos]]
|
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|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 1.3: ''nos patriae finis et dulcia linquimus arva.'' ‘We are leaving our country’s bounds and sweet fields.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[Idcircoque]] [[fugam]] [[cupio]] [[celerare]] [[latentem]].
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.357: ''tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet.'' ‘Then he bids her take speedy flight.’ 3.666:'' nos procul inde fugam. . .celerare.'' ‘We speed our flight far from there.’ 9.378: ''celerare fugam.''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
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|[[Quod]] [[iam]] [[prae]] [[multis1|multis]] [[potuissem]] [[forte]] [[diebus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Prae multis…diebus'': “many days ago.” Classical authors use ''prae'' + abl. to mean “before” only in a spatial sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.342: ''forte diebus''. . .'' '' ‘In those days, as it chanced. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[non]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[remanere]] [[dolerem]].'
|255
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius170|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** '''Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)'''
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius256|next »]]
|[[Waltharius215English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius215

2009-12-08T17:12:43Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) */

===Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)===
{|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[palatini]] [[decurrunt]] [[arce]] [[ministri]]
|215
|{{Commentary|''Palatini'': “palace servants”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 481: ''ecce Palatinus. . .minister. . . '' ‘See the servant of the palace. . .’ ''Aeineid'' 2.41: ''Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce''. ‘Laocoon in hot haste runs down from the citadel’s height.’ 11.490: ''fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce.'' ‘He shone with gold as he ran down from the fortress height.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illius]] [[aspectu]] [[hilares]] [[equitemque]] [[tenebant]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Illius'' equiv. to ''Waltharii'', objective genitive. ''Equitem'' equiv. to ''equum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|hiatus=aspectu hilares|falsequantities=illius}}
|
|-
|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vir]] [[sella]] [[descenderet]] [[inclitus]] [[alta]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[bene]] [[res]] [[vergant]], [[tum]] [[demum]] [[forte]] [[requirunt]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Si…vergant'': indirect question
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ille3|Ille]] [[aliquid]] [[modicum]] [[narrans]] [[intraverat]] [[aulam]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 4.2: ''non enim erat licitum indutum sacco aulam regis intrare.'' ‘For no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king’s court.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=ille aliquid}}
|
|-
|[[lassus]] [[enim1|enim]] [[fuerat]]), [[regisque]] [[cubile]] [[petebat]].
|220
|{{Commentary|''Cubile equiv. to cubiculum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illic]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[offendit]] [[residentem]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=solam offendit}}
|
|-
|[[Cui]] [[post]] [[amplexus]] [[atque]] [[oscula]] [[dulcia]] [[dixit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.687: ''cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet. . .'' ‘When she takes you to her bosom, embraces you and imprints sweet kisses. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS|elision=atque oscula}}
|
|-
|[[ocius]] [[huc]] [[potum]] [[ferto]], [[quia]] [[fessus]] [[anhelo]].'
|
|{{Commentary|''Ocius'': as often in the ''Waltharius'', an adverb’s comparative form is used without any real comparative sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|Statius ''Thebaid'' 11.7-8.: ''Phlegrae ceu fessus anhelet/ proelia. . . '' ‘As though he were breathless and weary after Phlegra’s fight. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[illa2|Illa]] [[mero]] [[tallum]] [[complevit]] [[mox]] [[pretiosum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Tallum'': “cup, goblet” – a Germanism.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 1.729: ''implevitque mero pateram''. ‘She filled the cup with wine.’ ''Liber II Macchabeorum'' 14.4: ''. . .offerens ei. . .tallos qui templi esse videbantur.'' ‘. . .Offering to him. . .boughs which seemed to belong to the temple.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-224.png
File:Waltharius-Line-224_1.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The trope of a woman offering drink or other reward for military service to the hero is common to both Classical and Germanic traditions. In Aeneid 1.729, Dido offers Aeneas wine. The word used there is implevit, which is echoed in the Waltharius by complevit. This theme is also present in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf. After killing Grendel, Beowulf receives a necklace and a byrnie from Wealtheow, Hrothgar’s wife (l. 1215-1220). Before the contest with Grendel, Wealtheow offers Beowulf drink (1. 623-625), on his homecoming, Queen Hygd, the wife of Hygelac, also distributes mead (l. 1980-1983), and Beowulf also talks of Freawaru, Hrothgar’s daughter, distributing mead. Conincidently, Freawaru marries Ingeld, of whom Alcuin wrote to a bishop named Speratus, scolding him for listening to songs and stories of pagan heros, writing “What has Ingeld to do with Christ?” [I am not sure what to make of the reference on the wiki to 2 Maccabees. It doesn’t seem to connect either in language or in content.] -AE}}
|-
|[[Porrexitque]] [[viro]], [[qui3|qui]] [[signans]] [[accipiebat]]
|225
|{{Commentary|''Signans'': “making the sign of the Cross” before partaking of the drink.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 8.274: ''pocula porgite dextris.'' ‘Stretch forth the cup in your hands.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|{{Comment|It seems that signans must be translated as Kratz does: “…gave it to the man, who, as he took it, crossed / himself, and pressed the maiden’s hand with his….” This translation is overtly Christian, but it is difficult to make sense of the passage otherwise. Additionally, Du Cange gives this definition as the first one and traces back to Tertullian, so it would likely have carried that connotation to a ninth or tenth century author or audience, especially if it were monastic. -AE}}
|-
|[[Virgineamque]] [[manum]] [[propria1|propria]] [[constrinxit]]. [[at]] [[illa2|illa]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Astitit]] [[et]] [[vultum]] r[[et]]icens [[intendit]] [[herilem]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Walthariusque]] [[bibens]] [[vacuum]] [[vas]] [[porrigit]] [[olli]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.254: ''olli subridens. . . '' ‘Smiling on her. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ambo1|Ambo]] [[etenim]] [[norant]] [[de]] [[se2|se]] [[sponsalia]] [[facta1|facta]] --
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=ambo etenim}}
|{{Comment|This is one of the few hints given to the chronology of the first part of the poem. We know that when the hostages were taken, Gunther was too young to leave his mother, and we know that the three children are essentially adults by the time they leave (Hildegund is old enough to serve as quartermistress, and the boys have become warriors), and here we learn that Hildegund and Walther were both old enough when they were taken that they remember they are betrothed. -AE}}
|-
|[[Provocat]] [[et]] [[tali1|tali]] [[caram]] [[sermone]] [[puellam]]:
|230
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[exilium]] [[pariter]] [[patimur]] [[iam]] [[tempore]] [[tanto1|tanto]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.638: ''exsiliumque pati. . .'' ‘to suffer exile. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Non]] [[ignorantes]], [[quid5|quid]] [[nostri1|nostri]] [[forte]] [[parentes]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Inter]] [[se4|se]] [[nostra]] [[de]] [[re]] [[fecere]] [[futura]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quamne]] [[diu]] [[tacito]] [[premimus]] [[haec2|haec]] [[ipsa]] [[palato]]?'
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.103: ''non ipse suo premit ore Latinus.'' ‘Latinus keeps not shut within his own lips.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Virgo]] [[per]] [[hyroniam]] [[meditans]] [[hoc4|hoc]] [[dicere]] [[sponsum]]
|235
|{{Commentary|''Per hyroniam'': “ironically,” i.e., insincerely, to tease her.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Paulum]] [[conticuit]], [[sed1|sed]] [[postea]] [[talia2|talia]] [[reddit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.323; 10.530: ''talia reddit. '' ‘He answers thus.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[quid5|Quid]] [[lingua]] [[simulas]], [[quod]] [[ab]] [[imo]] [[pectore]] [[damnas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 6.55: ''pectore ab imo.'' . . ‘From his inmost heart. . .’ 11.840: ''imo pectore.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Oreque]] [[persuades]], [[toto1|toto]] [[quod]] [[corde]] [[refutas]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sit]] [[veluti]] [[talem]] [[pudor]] [[ingens1|ingens]] [[ducere]] [[nuptam]]?'
|
|{{Commentary|''Sit veluti…pudor'': “As if it were a disgrace to…!”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vir]] [[sapiens]] [[contra1|contra]] [[respondit]] [[et]] [[intulit]] [[ista3|ista]]:
|240
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[absit]] [[quod]] [[memoras]]! [[dextrorsum]] [[porrige1|porrige]] [[sensum]]!
|
|{{Commentary|''Porrige'' equiv. to ''dirige'' ''Dextrosrum'': i.e., to what is favorable/correct.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.109: ''quod memoras''. . . ‘What you say. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Noris]] [[me1|me]] [[nihilum]] [[simulata]] [[me1|me]]nte [[locutum]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.105: ''sensit enim simulata mente locutam.'' ‘For she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[nebulae]] [[vel]] [[falsi]] [[interfore]] [[crede]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=falsi interfore}}
|
|-
|[[nullus2|Nullus]] [[adest]] [[nobis]] [[exceptis]] [[namque]] [[duobus]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nossem]] [[temet]] [[mihi]] [[promptam]] [[impendere]] [[mentem]]
|245
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promptam impendere}}
|
|-
|[[Atque]] [[fidem]] [[votis]] [[servare]] [[per]] [[omnia]] [[cautis]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Pandere]] [[cuncta]] [[tibi]] [[cordis]] [[mysteria]] [[vellem]].'
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Tandem]] [[virgo]] [[viri]] [[genibus]] [[curvata]] [[profatur1|profatur]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[vocas]], [[mi]] [[domne]], [[sequar]] [[studiose]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Domne equiv. to Domine''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 4.114: ''perge, sequar.'' ‘Go on; I will follow.’ ''Eclogue ''3.49:'' veniam quocumque vocaris.'' ‘Wherever you challenge me, I’ll be there.’ ''Aeneid'' 5.22-23.: ''sequamur,/ quoque vocat, vertamus iter.'' ‘Let us follow, and turn our course whither she calls.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[placitis]] [[malim]] [[praeponere]] [[iussis]].'
|250
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ille1|Ille]] [[dehinc]]: '[[piget]] [[exilii]] [[me1|me]] [[denique]] [[nostri]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[patriae]] [[fines]] [[reminiscor]] [[saepe]] [[relictos]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 1.3: ''nos patriae finis et dulcia linquimus arva.'' ‘We are leaving our country’s bounds and sweet fields.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[fugam]] [[cupio]] [[celerare]] [[latentem]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.357: ''tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet.'' ‘Then he bids her take speedy flight.’ 3.666:'' nos procul inde fugam. . .celerare.'' ‘We speed our flight far from there.’ 9.378: ''celerare fugam.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[iam]] [[prae]] [[multis1|multis]] [[potuissem]] [[forte]] [[diebus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Prae multis…diebus'': “many days ago.” Classical authors use ''prae'' + abl. to mean “before” only in a spatial sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.342: ''forte diebus''. . .'' '' ‘In those days, as it chanced. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[non]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[remanere]] [[dolerem]].'
|255
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius170|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** '''Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)'''
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius256|next »]]
|[[Waltharius215English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius215

2009-12-08T17:11:39Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) */

===Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)===
{|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[palatini]] [[decurrunt]] [[arce]] [[ministri]]
|215
|{{Commentary|''Palatini'': “palace servants”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 481: ''ecce Palatinus. . .minister. . . '' ‘See the servant of the palace. . .’ ''Aeineid'' 2.41: ''Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce''. ‘Laocoon in hot haste runs down from the citadel’s height.’ 11.490: ''fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce.'' ‘He shone with gold as he ran down from the fortress height.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illius]] [[aspectu]] [[hilares]] [[equitemque]] [[tenebant]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Illius'' equiv. to ''Waltharii'', objective genitive. ''Equitem'' equiv. to ''equum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|hiatus=aspectu hilares|falsequantities=illius}}
|
|-
|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vir]] [[sella]] [[descenderet]] [[inclitus]] [[alta]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[bene]] [[res]] [[vergant]], [[tum]] [[demum]] [[forte]] [[requirunt]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Si…vergant'': indirect question
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ille3|Ille]] [[aliquid]] [[modicum]] [[narrans]] [[intraverat]] [[aulam]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 4.2: ''non enim erat licitum indutum sacco aulam regis intrare.'' ‘For no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king’s court.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=ille aliquid}}
|
|-
|[[lassus]] [[enim1|enim]] [[fuerat]]), [[regisque]] [[cubile]] [[petebat]].
|220
|{{Commentary|''Cubile equiv. to cubiculum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illic]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[offendit]] [[residentem]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=solam offendit}}
|
|-
|[[Cui]] [[post]] [[amplexus]] [[atque]] [[oscula]] [[dulcia]] [[dixit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.687: ''cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet. . .'' ‘When she takes you to her bosom, embraces you and imprints sweet kisses. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS|elision=atque oscula}}
|
|-
|[[ocius]] [[huc]] [[potum]] [[ferto]], [[quia]] [[fessus]] [[anhelo]].'
|
|{{Commentary|''Ocius'': as often in the ''Waltharius'', an adverb’s comparative form is used without any real comparative sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|Statius ''Thebaid'' 11.7-8.: ''Phlegrae ceu fessus anhelet/ proelia. . . '' ‘As though he were breathless and weary after Phlegra’s fight. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[illa2|Illa]] [[mero]] [[tallum]] [[complevit]] [[mox]] [[pretiosum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Tallum'': “cup, goblet” – a Germanism.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 1.729: ''implevitque mero pateram''. ‘She filled the cup with wine.’ ''Liber II Macchabeorum'' 14.4: ''. . .offerens ei. . .tallos qui templi esse videbantur.'' ‘. . .Offering to him. . .boughs which seemed to belong to the temple.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-224.png
File:Waltharius-Line-224_1.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The trope of a woman offering drink or other reward for military service to the hero is common to both Classical and Germanic traditions. In Aeneid 1.729, Dido offers Aeneas wine. The word used there is implevit, which is echoed in the Waltharius by complevit. This theme is also present in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf. After killing Grendel, Beowulf receives a necklace and a byrnie from Wealtheow, Hrothgar’s wife (l. 1215-1220). Before the contest with Grendel, Wealtheow offers Beowulf drink (1. 623-625), on his homecoming, Queen Hygd, the wife of Hygelac, also distributes mead (l. 1980-1983), and Beowulf also talks of Freawaru, Hrothgar’s daughter, distributing mead. Conincidently, Freawaru marries Ingeld, of whom Alcuin wrote to a bishop named Speratus, scolding him for listening to songs and stories of pagan heros, writing “What has Ingeld to do with Christ?” [I am not sure what to make of the reference on the wiki to 2 Maccabees. It doesn’t seem to connect either in language or in content.] -AE}}
|-
|[[Porrexitque]] [[viro]], [[qui3|qui]] [[signans]] [[accipiebat]]
|225
|{{Commentary|''Signans'': “making the sign of the Cross” before partaking of the drink.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 8.274: ''pocula porgite dextris.'' ‘Stretch forth the cup in your hands.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|{{It seems that signans must be translated as Kratz does: “…gave it to the man, who, as he took it, crossed / himself, and pressed the maiden’s hand with his….” This translation is overtly Christian, but it is difficult to make sense of the passage otherwise. Additionally, Du Cange gives this definition as the first one and traces back to Tertullian, so it would likely have carried that connotation to a ninth or tenth century author or audience, especially if it were monastic. -AE}}
|-
|[[Virgineamque]] [[manum]] [[propria1|propria]] [[constrinxit]]. [[at]] [[illa2|illa]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Astitit]] [[et]] [[vultum]] r[[et]]icens [[intendit]] [[herilem]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Walthariusque]] [[bibens]] [[vacuum]] [[vas]] [[porrigit]] [[olli]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.254: ''olli subridens. . . '' ‘Smiling on her. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ambo1|Ambo]] [[etenim]] [[norant]] [[de]] [[se2|se]] [[sponsalia]] [[facta1|facta]] --
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=ambo etenim}}
|
|-
|[[Provocat]] [[et]] [[tali1|tali]] [[caram]] [[sermone]] [[puellam]]:
|230
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[exilium]] [[pariter]] [[patimur]] [[iam]] [[tempore]] [[tanto1|tanto]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.638: ''exsiliumque pati. . .'' ‘to suffer exile. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Non]] [[ignorantes]], [[quid5|quid]] [[nostri1|nostri]] [[forte]] [[parentes]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Inter]] [[se4|se]] [[nostra]] [[de]] [[re]] [[fecere]] [[futura]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quamne]] [[diu]] [[tacito]] [[premimus]] [[haec2|haec]] [[ipsa]] [[palato]]?'
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.103: ''non ipse suo premit ore Latinus.'' ‘Latinus keeps not shut within his own lips.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Virgo]] [[per]] [[hyroniam]] [[meditans]] [[hoc4|hoc]] [[dicere]] [[sponsum]]
|235
|{{Commentary|''Per hyroniam'': “ironically,” i.e., insincerely, to tease her.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Paulum]] [[conticuit]], [[sed1|sed]] [[postea]] [[talia2|talia]] [[reddit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.323; 10.530: ''talia reddit. '' ‘He answers thus.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[quid5|Quid]] [[lingua]] [[simulas]], [[quod]] [[ab]] [[imo]] [[pectore]] [[damnas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 6.55: ''pectore ab imo.'' . . ‘From his inmost heart. . .’ 11.840: ''imo pectore.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Oreque]] [[persuades]], [[toto1|toto]] [[quod]] [[corde]] [[refutas]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sit]] [[veluti]] [[talem]] [[pudor]] [[ingens1|ingens]] [[ducere]] [[nuptam]]?'
|
|{{Commentary|''Sit veluti…pudor'': “As if it were a disgrace to…!”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vir]] [[sapiens]] [[contra1|contra]] [[respondit]] [[et]] [[intulit]] [[ista3|ista]]:
|240
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[absit]] [[quod]] [[memoras]]! [[dextrorsum]] [[porrige1|porrige]] [[sensum]]!
|
|{{Commentary|''Porrige'' equiv. to ''dirige'' ''Dextrosrum'': i.e., to what is favorable/correct.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.109: ''quod memoras''. . . ‘What you say. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Noris]] [[me1|me]] [[nihilum]] [[simulata]] [[me1|me]]nte [[locutum]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.105: ''sensit enim simulata mente locutam.'' ‘For she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[nebulae]] [[vel]] [[falsi]] [[interfore]] [[crede]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=falsi interfore}}
|
|-
|[[nullus2|Nullus]] [[adest]] [[nobis]] [[exceptis]] [[namque]] [[duobus]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nossem]] [[temet]] [[mihi]] [[promptam]] [[impendere]] [[mentem]]
|245
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promptam impendere}}
|
|-
|[[Atque]] [[fidem]] [[votis]] [[servare]] [[per]] [[omnia]] [[cautis]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Pandere]] [[cuncta]] [[tibi]] [[cordis]] [[mysteria]] [[vellem]].'
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Tandem]] [[virgo]] [[viri]] [[genibus]] [[curvata]] [[profatur1|profatur]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[vocas]], [[mi]] [[domne]], [[sequar]] [[studiose]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Domne equiv. to Domine''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 4.114: ''perge, sequar.'' ‘Go on; I will follow.’ ''Eclogue ''3.49:'' veniam quocumque vocaris.'' ‘Wherever you challenge me, I’ll be there.’ ''Aeneid'' 5.22-23.: ''sequamur,/ quoque vocat, vertamus iter.'' ‘Let us follow, and turn our course whither she calls.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[placitis]] [[malim]] [[praeponere]] [[iussis]].'
|250
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ille1|Ille]] [[dehinc]]: '[[piget]] [[exilii]] [[me1|me]] [[denique]] [[nostri]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[patriae]] [[fines]] [[reminiscor]] [[saepe]] [[relictos]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 1.3: ''nos patriae finis et dulcia linquimus arva.'' ‘We are leaving our country’s bounds and sweet fields.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[fugam]] [[cupio]] [[celerare]] [[latentem]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.357: ''tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet.'' ‘Then he bids her take speedy flight.’ 3.666:'' nos procul inde fugam. . .celerare.'' ‘We speed our flight far from there.’ 9.378: ''celerare fugam.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[iam]] [[prae]] [[multis1|multis]] [[potuissem]] [[forte]] [[diebus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Prae multis…diebus'': “many days ago.” Classical authors use ''prae'' + abl. to mean “before” only in a spatial sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.342: ''forte diebus''. . .'' '' ‘In those days, as it chanced. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[non]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[remanere]] [[dolerem]].'
|255
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius170|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** '''Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)'''
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius256|next »]]
|[[Waltharius215English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius215

2009-12-08T17:10:56Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) */

===Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)===
{|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[palatini]] [[decurrunt]] [[arce]] [[ministri]]
|215
|{{Commentary|''Palatini'': “palace servants”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Apotheosis'' 481: ''ecce Palatinus. . .minister. . . '' ‘See the servant of the palace. . .’ ''Aeineid'' 2.41: ''Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce''. ‘Laocoon in hot haste runs down from the citadel’s height.’ 11.490: ''fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce.'' ‘He shone with gold as he ran down from the fortress height.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illius]] [[aspectu]] [[hilares]] [[equitemque]] [[tenebant]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Illius'' equiv. to ''Waltharii'', objective genitive. ''Equitem'' equiv. to ''equum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS|hiatus=aspectu hilares|falsequantities=illius}}
|
|-
|[[donec1|Donec]] [[vir]] [[sella]] [[descenderet]] [[inclitus]] [[alta]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[bene]] [[res]] [[vergant]], [[tum]] [[demum]] [[forte]] [[requirunt]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Si…vergant'': indirect question
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ille3|Ille]] [[aliquid]] [[modicum]] [[narrans]] [[intraverat]] [[aulam]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Liber Hester'' 4.2: ''non enim erat licitum indutum sacco aulam regis intrare.'' ‘For no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king’s court.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS|elision=ille aliquid}}
|
|-
|[[lassus]] [[enim1|enim]] [[fuerat]]), [[regisque]] [[cubile]] [[petebat]].
|220
|{{Commentary|''Cubile equiv. to cubiculum''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Illic]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[offendit]] [[residentem]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=solam offendit}}
|
|-
|[[Cui]] [[post]] [[amplexus]] [[atque]] [[oscula]] [[dulcia]] [[dixit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.687: ''cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet. . .'' ‘When she takes you to her bosom, embraces you and imprints sweet kisses. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS|elision=atque oscula}}
|
|-
|[[ocius]] [[huc]] [[potum]] [[ferto]], [[quia]] [[fessus]] [[anhelo]].'
|
|{{Commentary|''Ocius'': as often in the ''Waltharius'', an adverb’s comparative form is used without any real comparative sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|Statius ''Thebaid'' 11.7-8.: ''Phlegrae ceu fessus anhelet/ proelia. . . '' ‘As though he were breathless and weary after Phlegra’s fight. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[illa2|Illa]] [[mero]] [[tallum]] [[complevit]] [[mox]] [[pretiosum]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Tallum'': “cup, goblet” – a Germanism.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 1.729: ''implevitque mero pateram''. ‘She filled the cup with wine.’ ''Liber II Macchabeorum'' 14.4: ''. . .offerens ei. . .tallos qui templi esse videbantur.'' ‘. . .Offering to him. . .boughs which seemed to belong to the temple.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-224.png
File:Waltharius-Line-224_1.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|{{Comment|The trope of a woman offering drink or other reward for military service to the hero is common to both Classical and Germanic traditions. In Aeneid 1.729, Dido offers Aeneas wine. The word used there is implevit, which is echoed in the Waltharius by complevit. This theme is also present in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf. After killing Grendel, Beowulf receives a necklace and a byrnie from Wealtheow, Hrothgar’s wife (l. 1215-1220). Before the contest with Grendel, Wealtheow offers Beowulf drink (1. 623-625), on his homecoming, Queen Hygd, the wife of Hygelac, also distributes mead (l. 1980-1983), and Beowulf also talks of Freawaru, Hrothgar’s daughter, distributing mead. Conincidently, Freawaru marries Ingeld, of whom Alcuin wrote to a bishop named Speratus, scolding him for listening to songs and stories of pagan heros, writing “What has Ingeld to do with Christ?” [I am not sure what to make of the reference on the wiki to 2 Maccabees. It doesn’t seem to connect either in language or in content.] -AE}}
|-
|[[Porrexitque]] [[viro]], [[qui3|qui]] [[signans]] [[accipiebat]]
|225
|{{Commentary|''Signans'': “making the sign of the Cross” before partaking of the drink.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 8.274: ''pocula porgite dextris.'' ‘Stretch forth the cup in your hands.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Virgineamque]] [[manum]] [[propria1|propria]] [[constrinxit]]. [[at]] [[illa2|illa]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Astitit]] [[et]] [[vultum]] r[[et]]icens [[intendit]] [[herilem]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Walthariusque]] [[bibens]] [[vacuum]] [[vas]] [[porrigit]] [[olli]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.254: ''olli subridens. . . '' ‘Smiling on her. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ambo1|Ambo]] [[etenim]] [[norant]] [[de]] [[se2|se]] [[sponsalia]] [[facta1|facta]] --
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=ambo etenim}}
|
|-
|[[Provocat]] [[et]] [[tali1|tali]] [[caram]] [[sermone]] [[puellam]]:
|230
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[exilium]] [[pariter]] [[patimur]] [[iam]] [[tempore]] [[tanto1|tanto]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.638: ''exsiliumque pati. . .'' ‘to suffer exile. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Non]] [[ignorantes]], [[quid5|quid]] [[nostri1|nostri]] [[forte]] [[parentes]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Inter]] [[se4|se]] [[nostra]] [[de]] [[re]] [[fecere]] [[futura]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quamne]] [[diu]] [[tacito]] [[premimus]] [[haec2|haec]] [[ipsa]] [[palato]]?'
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 7.103: ''non ipse suo premit ore Latinus.'' ‘Latinus keeps not shut within his own lips.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Virgo]] [[per]] [[hyroniam]] [[meditans]] [[hoc4|hoc]] [[dicere]] [[sponsum]]
|235
|{{Commentary|''Per hyroniam'': “ironically,” i.e., insincerely, to tease her.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Paulum]] [[conticuit]], [[sed1|sed]] [[postea]] [[talia2|talia]] [[reddit]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.323; 10.530: ''talia reddit. '' ‘He answers thus.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[quid5|Quid]] [[lingua]] [[simulas]], [[quod]] [[ab]] [[imo]] [[pectore]] [[damnas]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 6.55: ''pectore ab imo.'' . . ‘From his inmost heart. . .’ 11.840: ''imo pectore.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Oreque]] [[persuades]], [[toto1|toto]] [[quod]] [[corde]] [[refutas]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Sit]] [[veluti]] [[talem]] [[pudor]] [[ingens1|ingens]] [[ducere]] [[nuptam]]?'
|
|{{Commentary|''Sit veluti…pudor'': “As if it were a disgrace to…!”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Vir]] [[sapiens]] [[contra1|contra]] [[respondit]] [[et]] [[intulit]] [[ista3|ista]]:
|240
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[absit]] [[quod]] [[memoras]]! [[dextrorsum]] [[porrige1|porrige]] [[sensum]]!
|
|{{Commentary|''Porrige'' equiv. to ''dirige'' ''Dextrosrum'': i.e., to what is favorable/correct.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.109: ''quod memoras''. . . ‘What you say. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Noris]] [[me1|me]] [[nihilum]] [[simulata]] [[me1|me]]nte [[locutum]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.105: ''sensit enim simulata mente locutam.'' ‘For she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[nebulae]] [[vel]] [[falsi]] [[interfore]] [[crede]].
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=falsi interfore}}
|
|-
|[[nullus2|Nullus]] [[adest]] [[nobis]] [[exceptis]] [[namque]] [[duobus]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[nossem]] [[temet]] [[mihi]] [[promptam]] [[impendere]] [[mentem]]
|245
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promptam impendere}}
|
|-
|[[Atque]] [[fidem]] [[votis]] [[servare]] [[per]] [[omnia]] [[cautis]],
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Pandere]] [[cuncta]] [[tibi]] [[cordis]] [[mysteria]] [[vellem]].'
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Tandem]] [[virgo]] [[viri]] [[genibus]] [[curvata]] [[profatur1|profatur]]:
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ad]] [[quaecumque]] [[vocas]], [[mi]] [[domne]], [[sequar]] [[studiose]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Domne equiv. to Domine''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 4.114: ''perge, sequar.'' ‘Go on; I will follow.’ ''Eclogue ''3.49:'' veniam quocumque vocaris.'' ‘Wherever you challenge me, I’ll be there.’ ''Aeneid'' 5.22-23.: ''sequamur,/ quoque vocat, vertamus iter.'' ‘Let us follow, and turn our course whither she calls.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[quicquam]] [[placitis]] [[malim]] [[praeponere]] [[iussis]].'
|250
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[ille1|Ille]] [[dehinc]]: '[[piget]] [[exilii]] [[me1|me]] [[denique]] [[nostri]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[patriae]] [[fines]] [[reminiscor]] [[saepe]] [[relictos]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Eclogue'' 1.3: ''nos patriae finis et dulcia linquimus arva.'' ‘We are leaving our country’s bounds and sweet fields.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Idcircoque]] [[fugam]] [[cupio]] [[celerare]] [[latentem]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.357: ''tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet.'' ‘Then he bids her take speedy flight.’ 3.666:'' nos procul inde fugam. . .celerare.'' ‘We speed our flight far from there.’ 9.378: ''celerare fugam.''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quod]] [[iam]] [[prae]] [[multis1|multis]] [[potuissem]] [[forte]] [[diebus]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Prae multis…diebus'': “many days ago.” Classical authors use ''prae'' + abl. to mean “before” only in a spatial sense.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.342: ''forte diebus''. . .'' '' ‘In those days, as it chanced. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Si]] [[non]] [[Hiltgundem]] [[solam]] [[remanere]] [[dolerem]].'
|255
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
|
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius170|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
** The Escape (215–418)
*** '''Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)'''
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
|
|[[Waltharius256|next »]]
|[[Waltharius215English|English]]
|-
|}

Waltharius170

2009-12-08T17:09:56Z

Ana Enriquez: /* Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214) */

===Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)===
{|
|-
|[[Venerat]] [[interea1|interea]] [[satrapae]] [[certissima]] [[fama]]
|170
|{{Commentary|''Satrapae'' equiv. to ''Attilae''
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Quandam]], [[quae4|quae]] [[nuper]] [[superata]], [[resistere]] [[gentem]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Quandam…gentem'': since the sudden rebellion is merely a crude plot device, the precise identity of the people is unimportant.
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[bellum]] [[Hunis1|Hunis]] [[confestim]] [[inferre]] [[paratam]].
|
|
|
|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=confestim inferre|hiatus=bellum Hunis}}
|
|-
|[[Tunc]] [[ad]] [[Waltharium]] [[convertitur]] [[actio]] [[rerum]].
|
|{{Commentary|''Action rerum'': “the leadership of the expedition”
}}
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[qui3|Qui]] [[mox]] [[militiam]] [[percensuit]] [[ordine]] [[totam]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Et]] [[bellatorum]] [[confortat]] [[corda]] [[suorum]],
|175
|{{Commentary|''Confortat'' equiv. to ''confirmat''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Liber Regum II'' 11.25: ''conforta bellatores.'' ‘Encourage thy warriors.’ ''Liber Genesis'' 18.5: ''confortate cor vestrum.'' ‘Strengthen ye your heart.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Hortans]] [[praeteritos]] [[semper]] [[memorare]] [[triumphos]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Promittensque]] [[istos]] [[solita]] [[virtute]] [[tyrannos]]
|
|{{Commentary|''Tyrannos'' equiv. to ''rebelles'' (here)
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 155-156.: '' ‘vicimus,’ inquit,/ ‘exultans Vitium solita virtute.’ '' ‘ “We have overcome,” he said, “a proud Vice with our wonted virtue.” ’ ''Aeneid'' 11.415: ''quamquam o si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset! '' ‘If only we had any of our wonted valour!’'' ''
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=promittensque istos}}
|
|-
|[[Sternere]] [[et]] [[externis]] [[terrorem]] [[imponere]] [[terris]].
|
|
|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=sternere et; terrorem imponere}}
|
|-
|[[Nec]] [[mora]], [[consurgit]] [[sequiturque]] [[exercitus]] [[omnis1|omnis]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.597-598.: ''At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat,/ Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis/ compositi numero in turmas''. ‘But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted array, marshalled by number into squadrons.’
 ''Liber Iosue'' 8.3: ''surrexit Iosue et omnis exercitus bellatorum cum eo''. ‘And Josue arose, and all the army of the fighting men with him.’ ''Aeineid'' 2.415: ''exercitus omnis. . .'' ‘The whole host. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=sequiturque exercitus}}
|
|-
|[[Ecce]] [[locum]] [[pugnae]] [[conspexerat]] [[et]] [[numeratam]]
|180
|{{Commentary|The description of the battle that follows reworks a scene from the ''Aeneid'' (11.597 ff.) while attempting some limited level of verisimilitude in its depiction of medieval warfare. The warriors fight on horseback (a practice adopted by the Franks in Carolingian times), first with arrows and javelins from afar (the practice of the Hungarian Avars), and then in hand-to-hand combat with swords (not found in the scene from the ''Aeneid'').
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.597-598.: ''At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat,/ Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis/ compositi numero in turmas''. ‘But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted array, marshalled by number into squadrons.’
 ''Aeneid'' 11.599: ''compositi numero in turmas''. . . ‘Marshalled by number into squadrons. . .’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Per]] [[latos]] [[aciem]] [[campos]] [[digessit]] [[et]] [[agros]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.599: ''compositi numero in turmas''. . . ‘Marshalled by number into squadrons. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 10.407-408.: ''extenditur una/ horrida per latos acies Volcania campos''. ‘Vulcan’s bristling battleline spreads unbroken over the broad fields.’ 11.601-602.: ''tum late ferreus hastis/ horret ager campique armis sublimibus ardent.'' ‘Far and wide the field bristles with the steel of spears, and the plains are ablaze with raised weapons.’
}}
|
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Iamque]] [[infra]] [[iactum]] [[teli]] [[congressus]] [[uterque]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.608-609.: ''iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque/ substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore.'' ‘And now in its advance each army had halted within a spear cast of the other; with a sudden shout they dash forth.’
}}
|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=iamque in}}
|
|-
|[[Constiterat]] [[cuneus]]: [[tunc]] [[undique]] [[clamor]] [[ad]] [[auras]]
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.608-609.: ''iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque/ substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore.'' ‘And now in its advance each army had halted within a spear cast of the other; with a sudden shout they dash forth.’
 ''Aeneid'' 9.566-567. ''undique clamor/ tollitur''. ‘On all sides a shout goes up.’ 2.699: ''se tollit ad auras. '' ‘He raises himself to the airs.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Tollitur]], [[horrendam]] [[confundunt]] [[classica]] [[vocem]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.566-567. ''undique clamor/ tollitur''. ‘On all sides a shout goes up.’ 2.699: ''se tollit ad auras. '' ‘He raises himself to the airs.’
 ''Aeneid'' 7.637: ''classica iamque sonant''. ‘And now the clarion sounds.’ 9.731-732.: ''arma/ horrendum sonuere.'' ‘His armour rang terribly.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Continuoque]] [[hastae]] [[volitant]] [[hinc]] [[indeque1|indeque]] [[densae]].
|185
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''continuo''. . . ‘At once. . .’ 11.610-611.: ''fundunt simul undique tela/ crebra nivis ritu''. ‘Together from all sides they shower weapons as thick as snowflakes.’ 12.408-409.: ''spicula castris/ densa cadunt mediis''. ‘Shafts fall thick in the middle of the camp.’ ''Georgics'' 2.142: ''galeis densisque virum seges horruit hastis''. ‘The fields bristled with the helms and serried lances of warriors.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=H-ELISION: continuoque hastae}}
|
|-
|[[Fraxinus]] [[et]] [[cornus]] [[ludum]] [[miscebat]] [[in]] [[unum]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Fraxinus et cornus'': by metonymy, the wooden spears.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.698: ''volat Itala cornus''. ‘The Italian cornel shaft flies.’ 12.267: ''sonitum dat stridula cornus''. ‘The whistling cornel shaft sings.’ 12.714: ''fors et virtus miscentur in unum.'' ‘Chance and valour blend in one.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Fulminis]] [[inque]] [[modum]] [[cuspis]] [[vibrata]] [[micabat]].
|
|{{Commentary|''In modum'' equiv. to ''instar''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.615-616.: ''excussus Aconteus/ fulminis in morem''. . .''praecipitat longe''. ‘Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Ac]] [[veluti]] [[boreae]] [[sub]] [[tempore]] [[nix]] [[glomerata]]
|
|
|
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Spargitur]], [[haud]] [[aliter]] [[saevas]] [[iecere]] [[sagittas]].
|
|
|
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[postremum1|Postremum]] [[cunctis1|cunctis]] [[utroque]] [[ex]] [[agmine]] [[pilis]]
|190
|
|
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=utroque ex}}
|
|-
|[[absumptis1|Absumptis]] [[manus]] [[ad]] [[mucronem]] [[vertitur]] [[omnis]]:
|
|
|{{Parallel|Prudentius'' Psychomachia'' 137: ''vertitur ad capulum manus''. ‘Her ruthless hand turned to her sword-hilt.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Fulmineos]] [[promunt]] [[enses]] [[clipeosque]] [[revolvunt]],
|
|{{Commentary|''Clipeosque revolvunt'': variously explained. The warriors are either throwing back their shields or taking them up again having already done so, in preparation for combat (cf. ''restaurant'' in the following line).
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.579-580.: ''vaginaque eripit ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘He snatches his flashing sword from its sheath.’ 9.441-442.: ''instat non setius ac rotat ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘Onward none the less he presses, whirling his lightning blade.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Concurrunt]] [[acies1|acies]] [[demum]] [[pugnamque]] [[restaurant]].
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
|
|-
|[[Pectoribus]] [[partim]] [[rumpuntur]] [[pectora1|pectora]] [[equorum]],
|
|{{Commentary|The thought of this line parallels that of the next: some of both the horses and the men were killed merely by being crushed against one another while armed in the stampede of battle.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=pectora equorum}}
|
|-
|[[Sternitur]] [[et]] [[quaedam]] [[pars]] [[duro]] [[umbone]] [[virorum]].
|195
|
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 255-256.: ''hostem humilem cupiens inpulsu umbonis equini/ sternere. . .'' ‘Eager to upset her lowly enemy with the shock of her horse-hide shield. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=duro umbone}}
|
|-
|[[Waltharius]] [[tamen]] [[in]] [[medio1|medio]] [[furit]] [[agmine]] [[bello]],
|
|
|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 11.762: ''qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo''. . . ‘Wherever the maiden rides among the ranks in her fury. . .’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-196.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
|
|-
|[[Obvia]] [[quaeque1|quaeque]] [[metens]] [[armis]] [[ac]] [[limite]] [[pergens]].
|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 11.762: ''qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo''. . . ‘Wherever the maiden rides among the ranks in her fury. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 10.513-514.: ''proxima quaeque metit gladio latumque per agmen/ ardens limitem agit ferro''. . . ‘With the sword he mows down all the nearest ranks, and fiercely drives a broad path through the host with the steel. . .’
}}
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|[[hunc2|Hunc]] [[ubi]] [[conspiciunt]] [[hostes1|hostes]] [[tantas]] [[dare]] [[strages]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.783-784.: ''unus homo et vestris, o cives, undique saeptus/ aggeribus tantas strages. . .ediderit? '' ‘My countrymen, shall one man, hemmed in on every side by your ramparts, deal such carnage?’ ''Georgics ''3.246-247.: ''nec funera vulgo/ tam multa informes ursi stragemque dedere''. ‘Never does the shapeless bear spread death and havoc so widely.’
}}
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|[[Ac]] [[si]] [[praesentem]] [[metuebant]] [[cernere]] [[mortem]],
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|{{Commentary|''Ac si'': qualifying ''praesentem'', not beginning a clause.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.91: ''praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.'' ‘All forebodes the sailors’ instant death.’
}}
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|[[Et]] [[quemcunque]] [[locum]], [[seu]] [[dextram]] [[sive]] [[sinistram]],
|200
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.563: ''laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit''. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’
}}
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|[[Waltharius]] [[peteret]], [[cuncti1|cuncti]] [[mox]] [[terga]] [[dederunt]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.563: ''laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit''. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’
 ''Aeneid'' 9.686: ''agminibus totis qut versi terga dedere.'' ‘With all their columns [they] are routed and turn to flight.’
}}
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|[[Et]] [[versis]] [[scutis]] [[laxisque]] [[feruntur]] [[habenis]].
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|{{Commentary|''Versis scutis'': they put their shields on their backs to protect them as they flee.
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.686: ''agminibus totis qut versi terga dedere.'' ‘With all their columns [they] are routed and turn to flight.’
 ''Aeneid'' 11.618-619.:'' versique Latini/ reiciunt parmas''. ‘The routed Latins cast their shields behind them.’ 11.623: ''hi fugiunt penitusque datis referuntur habenis'' ‘The others flee, and retreat far off with loosened rein.’ ''Georgics'' 2.364: ''palmes agit laxis per purum immisus habenis. . .'' ‘The shoot, speeding through the void with loosened reins. . .’ ''Aeneid'' 1.62-63.: ''qui foedere certo/ et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.'' ‘Who, under fixed covenant, should be skilled to tighten and loosen the reins at command.’
}}
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|[[Tunc]] [[imitata]] [[ducem]] [[gens]] [[maxima]] [[Pannoniarum]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.758-759.: '' ducis exemplum eventumque secuti/ Maeonidae incurrunt. '' ‘Following their chief’s example and success, Maeonia’s sons attack.’
}}
|{{PicturesCont}}{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
File:Waltharius-Line-196.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_1.png
File:Waltharius-Lines-182-206_2.png
File:Europe500.png
</gallery>}}
|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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|[[Saevior]] [[insurgit]] [[caedemque]] [[audacior]] [[auget]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 12.902: ''altior insurgens.'' . . ‘Rising to his height. . .’ Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 31: ''altior insurgens.''
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=caedemque audacior}}
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|[[Deicit]] [[obstantes]], [[fugientes]] [[proterit]] [[usque]],
|205
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|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' Praefatio 28: ''pellit fugatos, sauciatos proterit. '' ‘[He] drives off in flight those proud kings. . .or cuts them down.’
}}
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|[[dum1|Dum]] [[caperet]] [[plenum]] [[belli]] [[sub]] [[sorte]] [[triumphum]].
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|{{Commentary|''Belli sub sorte'': “in the outcome of the battle”
}}
|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 474: ''belli sub sorte''. . . ‘By the luck of war. . .’
}}
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|[[Tum]] [[super1|super]] [[occisos]] [[ruit]] [[et]] [[spoliaverat]] [[omnes1|omnes]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS}}
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|[[Et]] [[tandem]] [[ductor]] [[recavo]] [[vocat]] [[agmina]] [[cornu]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 7.513-514.: ''cornuque recurvo/ Tartaream intendit vocem. '' ‘On the twisted horn [she] strains her hellish voice.’ 3.239: '' dat signum specula Misenus ab alta/ aere cavo. '' ‘Misenus on his hollow brass gave the signal from his watch aloft.’ Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 422: ''recavo misceret labra palato''. ‘[She] beats the lips into the arched mouth.’ ''Aeneid'' 7.508: ''vocat agmina Tyrrhus''. ‘Tyrrhus summons his bands.’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDDDS}}
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|[[Ac]] [[primus1|primus]] [[frontem]] [[festa]] [[cum2|cum]] [[fronde]] [[revinxit]],
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.71-72.: '' ‘. . .cingite tempora ramis.’/ Sic fatus velat materna tempora myrto./ hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes/ hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. '' ‘ “. . .Weathe your brows with leaves.” So speaking, he crowns his brows with his mother’s myrtle. Thus does Helymus, thus Acestes, ripe of years, thus the boy Ascanius, the rest of the youth following.’ 7.614: ''sequitur tum cetera pubes''. ‘Then the rest of the warriors take up the cry.’ 4.459: ''velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum. . .'' ‘Wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. . .’
}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|[[Victrici]] [[lauro]] [[cingens]] [[sua1|sua]] [[timpora]] [[vulgo]],
|210
|{{Commentary|''Timpora'' equiv. to ''tempora''
}}
|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 5.71-72.: '' ‘. . .cingite tempora ramis.’/ Sic fatus velat materna tempora myrto./ hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes/ hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. '' ‘ “. . .Weathe your brows with leaves.” So speaking, he crowns his brows with his mother’s myrtle. Thus does Helymus, thus Acestes, ripe of years, thus the boy Ascanius, the rest of the youth following.’ 7.614: ''sequitur tum cetera pubes''. ‘Then the rest of the warriors take up the cry.’ 4.459: ''velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum. . .'' ‘Wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. . .’
 ''Aeneid'' 5.539: ''cingit viridanti tempora lauro.'' ‘He binds his brows with green laurel.’ Virgil, ''Eclogue'' 8.12-13.: ''hanc sine tempora circum/ inter victricis hederam tibi serpere lauros.'' ‘Grant that, amid the conqueror’s laurels, this ivy may creep about your brows.’
}}
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|{{Comment|The laurels mentioned here are likely a Classical reference, rather than a literal reward. The bay laurel, from which laurel wreaths are typically made, is a Mediterranean plant, and it would have a hard time surviving in most of modern-day Germany. Even then, the plant (or its leaves) would have had to be imported. Since it is unlikely that the laurels would have been practical, this is likely just another example of the Waltharius poet drawing on Classical tropes. -AE}}
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|[[post1|Post]] [[hunc2|hunc]] [[signiferi]], [[sequitur]] [[quos]] [[cetera]] [[pubes]].
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|[[Iamque]] [[triumphali]] [[redierunt]] [[stemmate1|stemmate]] [[compti]]
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|[[Et]] [[patriam]] [[ingressi]] [[propria]] [[se5|se]] [[quisque1|quisque]] [[locavit]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=patriam ingressi}}
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|[[sed1|Sed]]e, [[sed1|sed]] [[ad]] [[solium1|solium]] [[mox]] [[Waltharius]] [[properavit]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
|{{Comment|In his Germania, Tacitus wrote that Germanic towns and dwellings were famously spread out (Chapter 16). Of course, Walther and these soldiers supposedly live three centuries later, and the soldiers are Huns, not Germans, but the way the men scatter here seems reminiscent of that passage. If so, this is an example of the poet giving characteristically German traits to Attila and his people. -AE}}
|-
|}
<hr />

{|
|[[Waltharius142|« previous]]
|{{Outline|
* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
* The Huns (13–418)
** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
** '''Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)'''
** The Escape (215–418)
*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
** Diplomacy (419–639)
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
** Combat (640–1061)
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]]
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
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|[[Waltharius215|next »]]
|[[Waltharius170English|English]]
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|}