Waltharius581

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Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)

Praecipit ire virum cognomine rex Camalonem,  Cognomine equiv. to nomine
Camalonem: The eleven men whom Waltharius slays are not historical figures; their names, moreover, do not appear in German versions of the saga, leading Althof to conclude that the poet invented them from names known to him in the region of St. Gallen.

 

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Inclita Mettensi quem Francia miserat urbi  Mettensi…urbi praefectum: Camalo is the count (comes or Graf) of the city of Metz in Lorraine.

 

 
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Praefectum, qui dona ferens devenerat illo  Aeineid 1.679; 8.609; 11.479: dona ferens. . . ‘Bearing gifts. . .’

 

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Anteriore die quam princeps noverit ista.  Ista: the coming of Waltharius.

 

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Qui dans frena volat rapidoque simillimus Euro 585  Aeineid 1.156: flectit equos curruque volans dat lora secundo. ‘He guides his steeds and, flying onward, gives reins to his willing car.’ Georgics 3.107: dant lora, volat vi fervidus axis. ‘They bend forward to slacken rein; fiercely flies the glowing wheel.’ Aeineid 12.733: fugit ocior Euro. ‘Swifter than the East Wind he flies.’ Prudentius, Apotheosis 611: rapidoque simillimus austro. ‘Swift as the rushing wind. . .’

 

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Transcurro spatium campi iuvenique propinquat  SDSDDS 
Ac sic obstantem compellat: 'dic, homo, quisnam  Aeineid 1.581: prior Aenean compellat Achates. ‘First Achates addresses Aeneas.’

 

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Sis. aut unde venis? quo pergere tendis?'  Aeineid 6.198: quo tendere pargant. . . ‘Where they direct their course. . .’

 

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Heros magnanimus respondit talia dicens:  Aeineid 6.649: magnanimi heroes. . . ‘High-souled heroes. . .’ 4.362: talia dicentem. . . ‘Speaking thus. . .’

 

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Sponte tua venias an huc te miserit ullus, 590  DDSSDS 
Scire velim.' Camalo tunc reddidit ore superbo:  Aeineid 11.251: placido sic reddidit ore. ‘He thus replied with unruffled mien.’ 7.544: adfatur voce superba. ‘She addresses [her] in haughty tones of triumph.’ Statius, Thebaid 12.770-771.: ore superbo/ intonat. ‘He proudly cried in thunderous accents.’

 

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Noris Guntharium regem tellure potentem  SDSSDS 
Me misisse tuas quaesitum pergere causas.'  Quaesitum…causas equiv. to ad res investigandas

 

 Aeineid 2.105: ardemus scitari et quaerere causas. ‘We burn to inquire and ask the causes.’

 

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His auscultatis suggesserat hoc adolescens:  SSSDDS 
Ignoro penitus, quid opus sit forte viantis 595  SDDSDS 
Scrutari causas, sed promere non trepidamus.  SSSDDS 
Waltharius vocor, ex Aquitanis sum generatus.  Aeneid 1.378: sum pius Aeneas. ‘I am the loyal Aeneas.’

 

 
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A genitore meo modicus puer obsidis ergo  Obsidis ergo equiv. to obsidis gratia
Modicus equiv. to parvus

 

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Sum datus ad Hunos, ibi vixi nuncque recessi  
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Concupiens patriam dulcemque revisere gentem.' 600  DDSDDS 
Missus ad haec: 'tibi iam dictus per me iubet heros,  Missus equiv. to nuntius, i.e., Camalo
Tibi…iubet: the dative is not Classical.
Iam dictus…heros: Gunther

 

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Ut cum scriniolis equitem des atque puellam:  SDDSDS 
Quod si promptus agis, vitam concedet et artus.'  Liber Iosue 14.10: concessit ergo dominus vitam mihi. ‘The Lord therefore hath granted me life.’

 

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Waltharius contra fidenter protulit ista:  DSSSDS 
Stultius effatum me non audisse sophistam 605  DSSSDS 
En memoras, quod princeps nescio vel quis  Quod: the conjunction is used instead of accusative + infinitive.

 

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Promittat, quod non retinet nec fors retinebat.  Quod non retinet…: i.e., Waltharius’s vitam et artus.

 

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An deus est, ut iure mihi concedere possit  Est: Guntharius is the subject of this and all the third-person singular verbs in the rest of the speech.

 

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Vitam? num manibus tetigit? num carcere trusit  Cf. Tac. Germ. 21 on revenge and blood-feuds among the Germanic tribes.

 

 Aeneid 11.861: manibus iam tangeret aequis. . . ‘With levelled hands, she could touch. . .’ Liber Genesis 41.10: retrudi iussit in carcerem. ‘He commanded [us] to be cast into the prison.’

 

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Vel post terga meas torsit per vincula palmas? 610  Aeineid 11.81: vinxerat et post terga manus. ‘He had bound behind their back the hands.’

 

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At tamen ausculta: si me certamine laxat  Certamine laxat: i.e., not fight

 

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Aspicio, ferratus adest, ad proelia venit --,  Georgics 3.98: quando ad proelia ventum est. . . ‘When he comes to the fray. . .’

 

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Armillas centum de rubro quippe metallo  SSSSDS 
Factas transmittam, quo nomen regis honorem.'  SSSSDS 
Tali responso discesserat ille recepto, 615  SSSDDS 
Principibus narrat, quod protulit atque resumpsit.  DSSDDS 
« previous  
  • Prologue
  • Introduction: the Huns (1–12)
  • The Huns (13–418)
    • The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)
    • The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)
    • The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)
    • Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)
    • Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)
    • Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)
    • Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)
    • Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)
    • The Escape (215–418)
      • Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)
      • Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)
      • Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)
      • Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)
      • The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)
      • Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)
  • The Single Combats (419–1061)
    • Diplomacy (419–639)
      • Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)
      • Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)
      • Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)
      • Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)
      • Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)
      • Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)
      • Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)
      • Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)
    • Combat (640–1061)
      • 1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)
      • 2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)
      • Gunther encourages his men (720–724)
      • 3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)
      • 4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)
      • 5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)
      • Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)
      • 6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)
      • 7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)
      • Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)
      • 8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)
      • Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)
  • The Final Combat (1062–1452)
    • Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)
    • Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)
    • Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)
    • The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)
    • Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)
    • Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)
    • The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)
    • Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)
    • Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)
    • Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)
    • The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)
  • Epilogue (1453–1456) 
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