Difference between revisions of "Waltharius1346"

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(Created page with '<hr /> {| |« previous |{{Outline| * Prologue * Introduction: the Huns (1–12) * The Huns (13–418) ** The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving H…')
 
(→‎Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375))
 
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===Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)===
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{|
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|[[interea1|Interea]] [[herois]] [[coepit1|coepit]] [[subrepere]] [[menti]]
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|{{Parallel|''Liber Deuteronomii ''15.9: ''cave ne forte subripiat tibi impia cogitatio.'' ‘Beware lest perhaps a wicked thought steal in upon thee.’
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=interea herois}}
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|[[qui3|Qui]]ddam, [[qui3|qui]] [[tacito1|tacito]] [[premit]] [[has]] [[sub]] [[corde]] [[loquelas]]:
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 4.332: ''curam sub corde premebat. '' ‘He smothered the pain deep within his heart.’ Statius, ''Thebaid'' 9.824: ''pressum tacito sub corde dolorem. . . '' ‘The grief that lay hidden in his silent breast. . .’
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Si]] [[Fortuna]] [[viam]] [[non]] [[commutaverit]], [[isti]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[Vana]] [[fatigatum]] [[memet]] [[per]] [[ludicra]] [[fallent]].'
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Ilico]] [[et]] [[elata]] [[Haganoni]] [[voce]] [[profatur1|profatur]]:
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|1350
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=ilico et|hiatus=elata Haganoni}}
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|[[O]] [[paliure]], [[vires]] [[foliis]], [[ut1|ut]] [[pungere]] [[possis]];
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|{{Commentary|''Paliure'': a play on Hagen’s name. ''Hagedorn'' is German for “hawthorn.” Cf. line 1421.<br />''Ut pungere possis'': i.e., and that is all.
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}}
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 6.373: ''O Palinurus. ''
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|{{Comment| '''O paliure, vires foliis, ut pungere possis''' Crosslingual mocking of the thorny Hagen – see also the Faunus puns on Walther (Wald-Herr, i.e. lord of the woods) v769. Althof explains: Hagano a diminutive of two-parted names such as Hagimund, Hagibold, Haginold – the first part of these names could derive from different roots 1. OHG (i.e. Old High German) ‘Hag’ (modern German: Gehege, i.e. fenced domicile); 2. OHG ‘aki’ (fear, horror); 3. OHG ‘ekka’ (sword) – the adjective ‘haguna’ means nebulous or ghost-like. (Althof 1905 vol2 pp21-2) The author of the Waltharius puns on the first meaning of hedge (still in modern German Hagebutte, i.e. dog rose, rosa canina).  Grimm dictionary gives as Latin equivalent of ‘hagen’ paliurus and ligna spinosa. The two exactly match the punning terms here. Moreover, ‘Hagedorn’ serves in Middle High German as mocking nickname, and even as name of one devil. [[Grimm Hagen and Hagedorn]] Morgan draws a line to a common practice in medieval letter writing : “When Alcuin  writes to one of his most frequent correspondents, Bishop Arno, he can hardly forget that arno means ‘eagle’. Letter after letter is addressed to Aquila, and the joke becomes more and more complex. He calls the Bishop venerandus volucris – ‘venerable bird’, or again sublime volans – ‘ flying on high’ ; he brings in his own nickname, Cuculus, and whole paragraphs dissolve into a welter of bird-imagery, with eagles, cuckoos, swans, and larks, circling over the page.”(Morgan1986 p172) BK}}
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|[[tu1|Tu]] [[saltando]] [[iocans]] [[astu]] [[me1|me]] [[ludere]] [[temptas]].
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|{{Commentary|''Astu'': not, as Wieland oddly has it, “foolishness,” but rather “cunning” – Waltharius claims that there is a method to Hagen’s “play.”
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[sed1|Sed]] [[iam]] [[faxo]] [[locum]], [[propius]] [[ne]] [[accedere]] [[tardes]]:
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=ne accedere}}
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|[[Ecce]] [[tuas]] -- [[scio]], [[praegrandes]] -- [[ostendito]] [[vires1|vires]]!
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|{{Commentary|''Scio equiv. to quas novi''
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[me1|Me]] [[piget1|piget]] [[incassum]] [[tantos]] [[sufferre]] [[labores]].'
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|1355
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|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 7.421: ''Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores?'' ‘Turnus, will you endure all these labours spend in vain?’
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Dixit]] [[et]] [[exiliens]] [[contum]] [[contorsit]] [[in]] [[ipsum5|ipsum]],
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|
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|{{Commentary|''Ipsum'': Hagen
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}}
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 12.266: '' dixit, et adversos telum contorsit in hostis.'' ‘He spoke, and hurled his spear full against the foe.’
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[qui3|Qui]] [[pergens]] [[onerat]] [[clipeum1|clipeum]] [[dirimitque]] [[aliquantum]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 10.476-477.: ''illa volans umeri surgunt qua tegmina summa/ incidit, atque viam clipei molita per oras/ tandem etiam magno strinxit de corpore Turni. '' ‘On flies the shaft and strikes where the top of the mail rises to guard the shoulder; then, forcing a way through the shield’s rim, at last even grazed the mighty frame of Turnus.’
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS|elision=dirimitque aliquantum}}
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|[[Loricae]] [[ac]] [[magno]] [[modicum1|modicum]] [[de]] [[corpore]] [[stringit]];
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSDSDS|elision=loricae ac}}
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|[[Denique]] [[praecipuis]] [[praecinctus]] [[fulserat]] [[armis]].
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|{{Commentary|''Fulserat'': perhaps a true pluperfect (''pace'' Beck), describing Hagen before the blow, in order to explain how it does him so little damage.
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}}
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|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 454: ''gremio praecincta capaci. . .'' ‘Her robe arranged to make a capacious fold in front. . .’'' Aeneid'' 11.769: ''insignis longe Phrygiis fulgebat in armis''. ‘He glittered resplendent from farr off in his Phrygian armour.’
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|[[At]] [[vir]] [[Waltharius]] [[missa]] [[cum2|cum]] [[cuspide]] [[currens]]
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|1360
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[Evaginato]] [[regem]] [[importunior]] [[ense]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 10.474-475.: ''emittit viribus hastam/ vaginaque cava fulgentem deripit ensem.'' ‘She hurls his spear with all his strength and plucks his flashing sword from its hollow scabbard.’ ''Liber Regum I ''31.4: ''evagina gladium tuum. '' ‘Draw thy sword.’
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=regem importunior}}
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|[[Petit]] [[et]] [[scuto]] [[dextra]] [[de]] [[parte]] [[revulso1|revulso]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[Ictum]] [[praevalidum]] [[ac]] [[mirandum]] [[fecit]] [[eique1|eique]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS|elision=praevalidum ac}}
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|[[Crus]] [[cum2|cum]] [[poplite]] [[adusque]] [[femur]] [[decerpserat]] [[omne]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS|elision=poplite adusque}}
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|{{Comment|'''Crus cum poplite adusque femur decerpserat omne''' Literal repetition of verse 625, i.e. Hagen’s dream vision. It seems to suggest that the dream vision found its realization in life. BK}}
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|-
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|[[ille3|Ille]] [[super1|super]] [[parmam]] [[ante]] [[pedes1|pedes]] [[mox]] [[concidit]] [[huius1|huius]].
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|1365
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|{{Commentary|''Pedes…huis'': i.e., of Waltharius
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=parmam ante}}
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|[[Palluit]] [[exanguis]] [[domino]] [[recidente]] [[satelles]].
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|{{Commentary|''Satelles'': Hagen
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS}}
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|[[Alpharides]] [[spatam]] [[tollens]] [[iterato]] [[cruentam]]
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|{{Commentary|''Spatam equiv. to ensem''<br />''Iterato equiv. to iterum''
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|[[Ardebat]] [[lapso]] [[postremum]] [[infligere]] [[vulnus]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS|elision=postremum infligere}}
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|[[Immemor]] [[at]] [[proprii]] [[Hagano]] [[vir]] [[forte]] [[doloris]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS|hiatus=proprii Hagano}}
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|[[Aeratum]] [[caput]] [[inclinans]] [[obiecit]] [[ad]] [[ictum]].
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|1370
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|{{Commentary|''Aeratum'': i.e., wearing a helmet
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDSSDS}}
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|[[Extensam]] [[cohibere]] [[manum]] [[non]] [[quiverat]] [[heros]],
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|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia ''137-138.: ''vertitur ad capulum manus inproba et ense corusco/ conisa in plagam dextra sublimis ab aure/ erigitur mediumque ferit librata cerebrum./ aerea sed cocto cassis formata metallo/ tinnitum percussa refert aciemque retundit/ dura resultantem, frangit quoque vena rebellis/ inlisum chalybem, dum cedere nescia cassos/ excipit adsultus ferienti et tuta resistit./ ''''Ira, ubi truncati mucronis fragmina vidit/ et procul in partes ensem crepuisse minutas,/ iam capulum retinente manu sine pondere ferri,/ mentis inops ebur infelix decorisque pudendi/ perfida signa abicit monumentaque tristia longe/ spernit, et ad proprium succenditur effera letum.'' ‘She turns her ruthless hand to her sword-hilt, and, putting all its strength into a blow with the flashing blade, it rises high above her right ear and then, launching its stroke, smites her foe’s head in the very middle. But the helmet of forged bronze only resounds under the blow; the blade rebounds with blunted edge, so hard it is; the unyielding metal breaks the steel that smites it, unflinchingly receives the vain attack, and stands up to the striker without hurt. Seeing her blade shivered in pieces and how the sword has scattered away in rattling fragments while her hand still grasps the hilt after it has lost its weight of steel, Wrath is beside herself and casts away the luckless ivory that has been false to her, the token of honour turned to shame. Afar she flings that unwelcome reminder, and wild passion fires her to slay herself.’ ''Aeneid'' 12.740-741.: ''mucro glacies ceu futtilis ictu/ dissiluit, fulva resplendent fragmina harena. '' ‘The blade, like brittle ice, flew asunder at the stroke; the fragments glitter on the yellow sand.’
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[sed1|Sed]] [[cassis]] [[fabrefacta]] [[diu]] [[meliusque]] [[peracta1|peracta]]
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|{{Commentary|''Fabrefacta equiv. to a fabro facta''
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}}
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|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia ''137-138.: ''vertitur ad capulum manus inproba et ense corusco/ conisa in plagam dextra sublimis ab aure/ erigitur mediumque ferit librata cerebrum./ aerea sed cocto cassis formata metallo/ tinnitum percussa refert aciemque retundit/ dura resultantem, frangit quoque vena rebellis/ inlisum chalybem, dum cedere nescia cassos/ excipit adsultus ferienti et tuta resistit./ ''''Ira, ubi truncati mucronis fragmina vidit/ et procul in partes ensem crepuisse minutas,/ iam capulum retinente manu sine pondere ferri,/ mentis inops ebur infelix decorisque pudendi/ perfida signa abicit monumentaque tristia longe/ spernit, et ad proprium succenditur effera letum.'' ‘She turns her ruthless hand to her sword-hilt, and, putting all its strength into a blow with the flashing blade, it rises high above her right ear and then, launching its stroke, smites her foe’s head in the very middle. But the helmet of forged bronze only resounds under the blow; the blade rebounds with blunted edge, so hard it is; the unyielding metal breaks the steel that smites it, unflinchingly receives the vain attack, and stands up to the striker without hurt. Seeing her blade shivered in pieces and how the sword has scattered away in rattling fragments while her hand still grasps the hilt after it has lost its weight of steel, Wrath is beside herself and casts away the luckless ivory that has been false to her, the token of honour turned to shame. Afar she flings that unwelcome reminder, and wild passion fires her to slay herself.’ ''Aeneid'' 12.740-741.: ''mucro glacies ceu futtilis ictu/ dissiluit, fulva resplendent fragmina harena. '' ‘The blade, like brittle ice, flew asunder at the stroke; the fragments glitter on the yellow sand.’
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}}
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|{{Pictures|<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="2">
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File:Waltharius-Line-1372.png
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File:Waltharius-Line-1372_1.png
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</gallery>}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDDDS}}
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|[[Excipit]] [[assultum]] [[mox]] [[et]] [[scintillat]] [[in]] [[altum]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS}}
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|[[cuius2|Cuius]] [[duritia]] [[stupefactus1|stupefactus]] [[dissilit]] [[ensis]],
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|{{Commentary|''Stupefactus…ensis'': personification
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|{{Comment|'''Cuius duritia stupefactus dissilit ensis, // Proh dolor! et crepitans partim micat aere et herbis''' The sword is considered to be a personification - grammatical subject. Cf. 835: "Intercepit et ignarum dimittere ferrum // Cogebat" - (He) parried and forced him to abandon the sword, which didn't expect this. BK}}
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|-
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|[[Proh]] [[dolor]]! [[et]] [[crepitans]] [[partim]] [[micat]] [[aere]] [[et]] [[herbis]].
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|1375
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|{{Commentary|''Partim micat aere et herbis'': i.e., the sword shatters; the pieces fly in different directions.
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS|hiatus=NOT H-HIATUS aere et}}
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<hr />
 
<hr />
  
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|[[Waltharius1280|« previous]]
 
|[[Waltharius1280|« previous]]
 
|{{Outline|
 
|{{Outline|
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* Prologue
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* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
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* Introduction: the Huns (1–12)
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* [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]]
 
* The Huns (13–418)
 
* The Huns (13–418)
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** The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)
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** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]]
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** The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)
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** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]]
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** The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)
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** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]]
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** Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)
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** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]]
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** Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)
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** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]]
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** Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)
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** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]]
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** Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)
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** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]]
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** Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)
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** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]]
 
** The Escape (215–418)
 
** The Escape (215–418)
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*** Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)
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*** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]]
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*** Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)
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*** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]]
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*** Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)
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*** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]]
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*** Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)
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*** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]]
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*** The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)
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*** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]]
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*** Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)
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*** [[Waltharius380|Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)]]
 
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
 
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
 
** Diplomacy (419–639)
 
** Diplomacy (419–639)
−
*** Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)
+
*** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]]
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*** Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)
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*** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]]
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*** Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)
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*** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]]
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*** Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)
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*** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]]
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*** Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)
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*** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]]
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*** Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)
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*** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]]
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*** Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)
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*** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]]
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*** Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)
+
*** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]]
 
** Combat (640–1061)
 
** Combat (640–1061)
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*** 1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)
+
*** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]]
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*** 2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)
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*** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]]
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*** Gunther encourages his men (720–724)
+
*** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]]
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*** 3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)
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*** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]]
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*** 4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)
+
*** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]]
−
*** 5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)
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*** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]]
−
*** Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)
+
*** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]]
−
*** 6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)
+
*** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]]
−
*** 7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)
+
*** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]]
−
*** Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)
+
*** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]]
−
*** 8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)
+
*** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]]
−
*** Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)
+
*** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]]
 
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
 
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
−
** Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)
+
** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]]
−
** Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)
+
** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]]
−
** Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)
+
** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]]
−
** The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)
+
** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]]
−
** Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)
+
** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]]
−
** Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)
+
** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]]
−
** The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)
+
** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]]
 
** '''Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)'''
 
** '''Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)'''
−
** Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)
+
** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]]
−
** Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)
+
** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]]
−
** The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)
+
** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]]
−
* Epilogue (1453–1456)}}
+
* [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}}
 
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Latest revision as of 06:16, 12 December 2009

Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)

Interea herois coepit subrepere menti  Liber Deuteronomii 15.9: cave ne forte subripiat tibi impia cogitatio. ‘Beware lest perhaps a wicked thought steal in upon thee.’

 

 DSSSDS
Elision: interea herois 
Quiddam, qui tacito premit has sub corde loquelas:  Aeineid 4.332: curam sub corde premebat. ‘He smothered the pain deep within his heart.’ Statius, Thebaid 9.824: pressum tacito sub corde dolorem. . . ‘The grief that lay hidden in his silent breast. . .’

 

 SDDSDS 
Si Fortuna viam non commutaverit, isti  SDSSDS 
Vana fatigatum memet per ludicra fallent.'  DSSSDS 
Ilico et elata Haganoni voce profatur: 1350  DSDSDS
Elision: ilico et
Hiatus: elata Haganoni 
O paliure, vires foliis, ut pungere possis;  Paliure: a play on Hagen’s name. Hagedorn is German for “hawthorn.” Cf. line 1421.
Ut pungere possis: i.e., and that is all.

 

 Aeineid 6.373: O Palinurus.

 

 DDDSDS    O paliure, vires foliis, ut pungere possis Crosslingual mocking of the thorny Hagen – see also the Faunus puns on Walther (Wald-Herr, i.e. lord of the woods) v769. Althof explains: Hagano a diminutive of two-parted names such as Hagimund, Hagibold, Haginold – the first part of these names could derive from different roots 1. OHG (i.e. Old High German) ‘Hag’ (modern German: Gehege, i.e. fenced domicile); 2. OHG ‘aki’ (fear, horror); 3. OHG ‘ekka’ (sword) – the adjective ‘haguna’ means nebulous or ghost-like. (Althof 1905 vol2 pp21-2) The author of the Waltharius puns on the first meaning of hedge (still in modern German Hagebutte, i.e. dog rose, rosa canina). Grimm dictionary gives as Latin equivalent of ‘hagen’ paliurus and ligna spinosa. The two exactly match the punning terms here. Moreover, ‘Hagedorn’ serves in Middle High German as mocking nickname, and even as name of one devil. Grimm Hagen and Hagedorn Morgan draws a line to a common practice in medieval letter writing : “When Alcuin writes to one of his most frequent correspondents, Bishop Arno, he can hardly forget that arno means ‘eagle’. Letter after letter is addressed to Aquila, and the joke becomes more and more complex. He calls the Bishop venerandus volucris – ‘venerable bird’, or again sublime volans – ‘ flying on high’ ; he brings in his own nickname, Cuculus, and whole paragraphs dissolve into a welter of bird-imagery, with eagles, cuckoos, swans, and larks, circling over the page.”(Morgan1986 p172) BK 
Tu saltando iocans astu me ludere temptas.  Astu: not, as Wieland oddly has it, “foolishness,” but rather “cunning” – Waltharius claims that there is a method to Hagen’s “play.”

 

 SDSSDS 
Sed iam faxo locum, propius ne accedere tardes:  SDDSDS
Elision: ne accedere 
Ecce tuas -- scio, praegrandes -- ostendito vires!  Scio equiv. to quas novi

 

 DDSSDS 
Me piget incassum tantos sufferre labores.' 1355  Aeineid 7.421: Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores? ‘Turnus, will you endure all these labours spend in vain?’

 

 DSSSDS 
Dixit et exiliens contum contorsit in ipsum,  Ipsum: Hagen

 

 Aeneid 12.266: dixit, et adversos telum contorsit in hostis. ‘He spoke, and hurled his spear full against the foe.’

 

 DDSSDS 
Qui pergens onerat clipeum dirimitque aliquantum  Aeneid 10.476-477.: illa volans umeri surgunt qua tegmina summa/ incidit, atque viam clipei molita per oras/ tandem etiam magno strinxit de corpore Turni. ‘On flies the shaft and strikes where the top of the mail rises to guard the shoulder; then, forcing a way through the shield’s rim, at last even grazed the mighty frame of Turnus.’

 

 SDDDDS
Elision: dirimitque aliquantum 
Loricae ac magno modicum de corpore stringit;  SSDSDS
Elision: loricae ac 
Denique praecipuis praecinctus fulserat armis.  Fulserat: perhaps a true pluperfect (pace Beck), describing Hagen before the blow, in order to explain how it does him so little damage.

 

 Prudentius, Psychomachia 454: gremio praecincta capaci. . . ‘Her robe arranged to make a capacious fold in front. . .’ Aeneid 11.769: insignis longe Phrygiis fulgebat in armis. ‘He glittered resplendent from farr off in his Phrygian armour.’

 

 DDSSDS 
At vir Waltharius missa cum cuspide currens 1360  SDSSDS 
Evaginato regem importunior ense  Aeneid 10.474-475.: emittit viribus hastam/ vaginaque cava fulgentem deripit ensem. ‘She hurls his spear with all his strength and plucks his flashing sword from its hollow scabbard.’ Liber Regum I 31.4: evagina gladium tuum. ‘Draw thy sword.’

 

 SSSSDS
Elision: regem importunior 
Petit et scuto dextra de parte revulso  DSSSDS 
Ictum praevalidum ac mirandum fecit eique  SDSSDS
Elision: praevalidum ac 
Crus cum poplite adusque femur decerpserat omne.  SDDSDS
Elision: poplite adusque  		 Crus cum poplite adusque femur decerpserat omne Literal repetition of verse 625, i.e. Hagen’s dream vision. It seems to suggest that the dream vision found its realization in life. BK 
Ille super parmam ante pedes mox concidit huius. 1365  Pedes…huis: i.e., of Waltharius

 

 DSDSDS
Elision: parmam ante 
Palluit exanguis domino recidente satelles.  Satelles: Hagen

 

 DSDDDS 
Alpharides spatam tollens iterato cruentam  Spatam equiv. to ensem
Iterato equiv. to iterum

 

 DSSDDS 
Ardebat lapso postremum infligere vulnus.  SSSSDS
Elision: postremum infligere 
Immemor at proprii Hagano vir forte doloris  DDDSDS
Hiatus: proprii Hagano 
Aeratum caput inclinans obiecit ad ictum. 1370  Aeratum: i.e., wearing a helmet

 

 SDSSDS 
Extensam cohibere manum non quiverat heros,  Prudentius, Psychomachia 137-138.: vertitur ad capulum manus inproba et ense corusco/ conisa in plagam dextra sublimis ab aure/ erigitur mediumque ferit librata cerebrum./ aerea sed cocto cassis formata metallo/ tinnitum percussa refert aciemque retundit/ dura resultantem, frangit quoque vena rebellis/ inlisum chalybem, dum cedere nescia cassos/ excipit adsultus ferienti et tuta resistit./ 'Ira, ubi truncati mucronis fragmina vidit/ et procul in partes ensem crepuisse minutas,/ iam capulum retinente manu sine pondere ferri,/ mentis inops ebur infelix decorisque pudendi/ perfida signa abicit monumentaque tristia longe/ spernit, et ad proprium succenditur effera letum. ‘She turns her ruthless hand to her sword-hilt, and, putting all its strength into a blow with the flashing blade, it rises high above her right ear and then, launching its stroke, smites her foe’s head in the very middle. But the helmet of forged bronze only resounds under the blow; the blade rebounds with blunted edge, so hard it is; the unyielding metal breaks the steel that smites it, unflinchingly receives the vain attack, and stands up to the striker without hurt. Seeing her blade shivered in pieces and how the sword has scattered away in rattling fragments while her hand still grasps the hilt after it has lost its weight of steel, Wrath is beside herself and casts away the luckless ivory that has been false to her, the token of honour turned to shame. Afar she flings that unwelcome reminder, and wild passion fires her to slay herself.’ Aeneid 12.740-741.: mucro glacies ceu futtilis ictu/ dissiluit, fulva resplendent fragmina harena. ‘The blade, like brittle ice, flew asunder at the stroke; the fragments glitter on the yellow sand.’

 

 SDDSDS 
Sed cassis fabrefacta diu meliusque peracta  Fabrefacta equiv. to a fabro facta

 

 Prudentius, Psychomachia 137-138.: vertitur ad capulum manus inproba et ense corusco/ conisa in plagam dextra sublimis ab aure/ erigitur mediumque ferit librata cerebrum./ aerea sed cocto cassis formata metallo/ tinnitum percussa refert aciemque retundit/ dura resultantem, frangit quoque vena rebellis/ inlisum chalybem, dum cedere nescia cassos/ excipit adsultus ferienti et tuta resistit./ 'Ira, ubi truncati mucronis fragmina vidit/ et procul in partes ensem crepuisse minutas,/ iam capulum retinente manu sine pondere ferri,/ mentis inops ebur infelix decorisque pudendi/ perfida signa abicit monumentaque tristia longe/ spernit, et ad proprium succenditur effera letum. ‘She turns her ruthless hand to her sword-hilt, and, putting all its strength into a blow with the flashing blade, it rises high above her right ear and then, launching its stroke, smites her foe’s head in the very middle. But the helmet of forged bronze only resounds under the blow; the blade rebounds with blunted edge, so hard it is; the unyielding metal breaks the steel that smites it, unflinchingly receives the vain attack, and stands up to the striker without hurt. Seeing her blade shivered in pieces and how the sword has scattered away in rattling fragments while her hand still grasps the hilt after it has lost its weight of steel, Wrath is beside herself and casts away the luckless ivory that has been false to her, the token of honour turned to shame. Afar she flings that unwelcome reminder, and wild passion fires her to slay herself.’ Aeneid 12.740-741.: mucro glacies ceu futtilis ictu/ dissiluit, fulva resplendent fragmina harena. ‘The blade, like brittle ice, flew asunder at the stroke; the fragments glitter on the yellow sand.’

 

 
  • Waltharius-Line-1372.png
  • Waltharius-Line-1372 1.png
  		 SDDDDS 
Excipit assultum mox et scintillat in altum.  DSSSDS 
Cuius duritia stupefactus dissilit ensis,  Stupefactus…ensis: personification

 

 SDDSDS   Cuius duritia stupefactus dissilit ensis, // Proh dolor! et crepitans partim micat aere et herbis The sword is considered to be a personification - grammatical subject. Cf. 835: "Intercepit et ignarum dimittere ferrum // Cogebat" - (He) parried and forced him to abandon the sword, which didn't expect this. BK 
Proh dolor! et crepitans partim micat aere et herbis. 1375  Partim micat aere et herbis: i.e., the sword shatters; the pieces fly in different directions.

 

 DDSDDS
Hiatus: NOT H-HIATUS aere et 
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