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===Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)===
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{|
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|[[his2|His]] [[rex]] [[infelix]] [[visis]] [[suspirat]] [[et]] [[omni1|omni]]
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.172: ''talibus attonitus visis. . . '' ‘Awed by this vision. . .’
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}}
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|
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|
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|-
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|[[Aufugiens]] [[studio]] [[falerati]] [[terga]] [[caballi]]
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|
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|{{Parallel|''Georgics'' 3.318: ''omni studio. . .'' ‘The more zealously. . .’ Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 195-196.: ''phaleratum/ circumflectit equum. '' ‘She circles round on her bedecked steed.’
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}}
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|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDSDS}}
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|
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|-
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|[[Scandit]] [[et]] [[ad]] [[maestum]] [[citius]] [[Haganona]] [[volavit]]
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|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS}}
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|
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|-
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|[[Omnimodisque]] [[illum2|illum]] [[precibus]] [[flexisse]] [[sategit]],
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|1065
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|{{Commentary|''Flexisse sategit equiv. to flectere studuit''
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}}
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 2.689: ''precibus si flecteris ullis. . .'' ‘If you are moved by any prayers. . .’
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}}
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|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS|elision=omnimodisque illum}}
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|
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|-
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|[[ut1|Ut]] [[secum]] [[pergens]] [[pugnam]] [[repararet]].  [[at]] [[ille3|ille]]:
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|[[me1|Me]] [[genus1|genus]] [[infandum]] [[prohibet]] [[bellare]] [[parentum]],
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|
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|{{Commentary|''Genus infandum'': in this speech Hagen sarcastically recalls the king’s insults about his father (cf. lines 629-631).
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}}
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|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|-
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|[[Et]] [[gelidus]] [[sanguis]] [[mentem]] [[mihi]] [[ademit]] [[in]] [[armis]].
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|
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|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.30: ''gelidusque coit formidine sanguis. '' ‘My chilled blood freezes with terror.’ 3.259-260.: ''at sociis subita gelidus formidine sanguis/ deriguit. '' ‘But my comrades’ blood chilled and froze with sudden fear.’
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}}
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|
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS|elision=mihi ademit}}
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|
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|-
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|[[Tabescebat]] [[enim]] [[genitor]], [[dum1|dum]] [[tela]] [[videret]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|-
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|[[Et]] [[timidus]] [[multis2|multis]] [[renuebat]] [[proelia]] [[verbis]]:
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|1070
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|-
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|[[Haec]] [[dum1|dum]] [[iactasses]], [[rex1|rex]], [[inter]] [[te5|te]] [[comitantes]],
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|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeineid'' 1.102: ''talia iactanti. . .'' ‘As he flings forth such words. . .’
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|-
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|[[Extitit]] [[indignum]] [[nostri2|nostri]] [[tibi1|tibi]] [[quippe]] [[iuvamen]].'
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|
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|{{Commentary|''Nostri'': With ''iuvamen'', equivalent to ''nostrum''. Or perhaps with ''indignum'' (cf. Aen. 12.649: ''indignus avorum''); in the latter case ''tibi'' would have to be taken closely with ''iuvamen''.
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSDDS}}
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|-
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|[[ille3|Ille]] [[recusanti]] [[precibus]] [[nihilominus]] [[instans]]
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|
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|{{Commentary|''Ille equiv. to rex''
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS}}
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|-
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|[[talibus1|Talibus]] [[aversum]] [[satagit]] [[revocare]] [[loquelis]]:
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDDDS}}
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|-
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|[[deprecor1|Deprecor]] [[ob]] [[superos]], [[conceptum]] [[pone]] [[furorem]].
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|1075
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|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.501-502.: ''tantos mente furores/ concipit. '' ‘Her mind dreams not of such frenzy.’
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|-
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|[[Iram]] [[de]] [[nostra]] [[contractam]] [[decute]] [[culpa]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSSDS}}
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|-
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|[[quam2|Quam]] [[vita]] [[comitante]], [[domum]] [[si]] [[venero]] [[tecum1|tecum]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|[[Impensis]] [[tibimet]] [[benefactis]] [[diluo]] [[multis1|multis]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|-
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|[[Nonne]] [[pudet]] [[sociis]] [[tot]] [[cognatisque]] [[peremptis]]
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|-
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|[[Dissimulare]] [[virum]]?  [[magis]], [[ut1|ut]] [[mihi]] [[quippe]] [[videtur]],
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|1080
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|{{Commentary|''Dissimulare virum equiv. to simulare feminam''
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}}
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|{{Parallel|Ovid, ''Ars Amatoria'' 1.690: ''veste virum longa dissimulatus erat.'' ‘He had disguised his manhood in a woman’s robe.’
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDDDDS}}
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|-
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|[[verba1|Verba]] [[valent]] [[animum]] [[quam]] [[facta3|facta]] [[nefanda]] [[movere]].
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSDDS}}
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|[[Iustius]] [[in]] [[saevum]] [[tumuisses]] [[mente]] [[tyrannum]],
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|[[qui3|Qui]] [[solus]] [[hodie]] [[caput]] [[infamaverat]] [[orbis1|orbis]].
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|
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|{{Commentary|''Caput…orbis'': the poet alludes to the situation of his own time, the era of Charlemagne, when the Frankish kings really had such a status.
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SDDSDS}}
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|-
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|[[Non]] [[modicum]] [[patimur]] [[dammum]] [[de]] [[caede]] [[virorum]],
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|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.634: ''caede virorum. . .'' ‘With the slaughter of the riders. . .’
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|
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|-
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|[[Dedecus]] [[at]] [[tantum]] [[superabit]] [[Francia]] [[numquam]].
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|1085
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|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 10.681: ''ob tantum dedecus amens. . .'' ‘In madness because of disgrace so foul. . .’
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}}
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|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSDSDS}}
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|-
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|[[Antea]] [[quis4|quis]] [[fuimus]] [[suspecti]], [[sibila]] [[dantes]]
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|{{Commentary|''Quis equiv. to quibus''<br />''Suspecti'': “feared”
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DDSSDS}}
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|-
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|[[Francorum]] [[dicent]] [[exercitus]] [[omnis1|omnis]] [[ab]] [[uno1|uno]],
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|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.783-784.: ''unus homo et vestris, o cives, undique saeptus/ aggeribus tantas strages impune per urbem/ ediderit?'' ‘My countrymen, shall one man, hemmed in on every side by your ramparts, deal such carnage throughout the city and go unpunished?’
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}}
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|{{Pictures|[[Image:Europe500.png|center|thumb]]}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=SSSDDS}}
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|-
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|[[Proh]] [[pudor]] [[ignotum]] [[vel]] [[quo5|quo]], [[est_necatus|est]] [[impune]] [[est_necatus|necatus]]!
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|
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|
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.783-784.: ''unus homo et vestris, o cives, undique saeptus/ aggeribus tantas strages impune per urbem/ ediderit?'' ‘My countrymen, shall one man, hemmed in on every side by your ramparts, deal such carnage throughout the city and go unpunished?’
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<br />Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 353: ''pro pudor. . .'' ‘For shame!’
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}}
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|{{Meter|scansion=DSSSDS|elision=quo est}}
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<hr />
 
<hr />
  
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|[[Waltharius981|« previous]]
 
|[[Waltharius981|« previous]]
 
|{{Outline|
 
|{{Outline|
−
* Prologue
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* [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]]
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* Introduction: the Huns (1–12)
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* [[Waltharius1|1–12: Introduction: the Huns]]
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* The Huns (13–418)
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* 13–418: The Huns
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** The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)
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** [[Waltharius13|13–33: The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage]]
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** The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)
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** [[Waltharius34|34–74: The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage]]
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** The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)
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** [[Waltharius75|75–92: The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage]]
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** Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)
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** [[Waltharius93|93–115: Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court]]
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** Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)
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** [[Waltharius116|116–122: Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen]]
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** Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)
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** [[Waltharius123|123–141: Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage]]
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** Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)
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** [[Waltharius142|142–169: Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride]]
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** Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)
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** [[Waltharius170|170–214: Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle]]
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** The Escape (215–418)
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** 215–418: The Escape
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*** Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)
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*** [[Waltharius215|215–255: Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund]]
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*** Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)
+
*** [[Waltharius256|256–286: Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure]]
−
*** Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)
+
*** [[Waltharius287|287–323: Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep]]
−
*** Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)
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*** [[Waltharius324|324–357: Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court]]
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*** The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)
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*** [[Waltharius358|358–379: The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin]]
−
*** Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)
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*** [[Waltharius380|380–418: Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward]]
−
* The Single Combats (419–1061)
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* 419–1061: The Single Combats
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** Diplomacy (419–639)
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** 419–639: Diplomacy
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*** Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)
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*** [[Waltharius419|419–435: Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms]]
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*** Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)
+
*** [[Waltharius436|436–488: Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure]]
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*** Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)
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*** [[Waltharius489|489–512: Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep]]
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*** Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)
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*** [[Waltharius513|513–531: Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it]]
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*** Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)
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*** [[Waltharius532|532–571: Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance]]
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*** Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)
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*** [[Waltharius572|572–580: Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force]]
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*** Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)
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*** [[Waltharius581|581–616: Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage]]
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*** Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)
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*** [[Waltharius617|617–639: Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill]]
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** Combat (640–1061)
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** 640–1061: Combat
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*** 1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)
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*** [[Waltharius640|640–685: 1st single combat. Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him]]
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*** 2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)
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*** [[Waltharius686|686–719: 2nd single combat. Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew]]
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*** Gunther encourages his men (720–724)
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*** [[Waltharius720|720–724: Gunther encourages his men]]
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*** 3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)
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*** [[Waltharius725|725–753: 3rd single combat. Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus]]
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*** 4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)
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*** [[Waltharius754|754–780: 4th single combat. Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults]]
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*** 5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)
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*** [[Waltharius781|781–845: 5th single combat. Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults]]
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*** Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)
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*** [[Waltharius846|846–877. Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed]]
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*** 6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)
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*** [[Waltharius878|878–913. 6th single combat. After trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid]]
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*** 7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)
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*** [[Waltharius914|914–940: 7th single combat. Walther slays Gerwitus]]
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*** Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)
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*** [[Waltharius941|941–961: Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest]]
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*** 8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)
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*** [[Waltharius962|962–980. 8th single combat. Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays]]
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*** Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)
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*** [[Waltharius981|981–1061. Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther]]
−
* The Final Combat (1062–1452)
+
* 1062–1452: The Final Combat
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** '''Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)'''
+
** '''1062–1088: Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses'''
−
** Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)
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** [[Waltharius1089|1089–1129: Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground]]
−
** Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)
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** [[Waltharius1130|1130–1187: Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps]]
−
** The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)
+
** [[Waltharius1188|1188–1207: The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors]]
−
** Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)
+
** [[Waltharius1208|1208–1236: Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther]]
−
** Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)
+
** [[Waltharius1237|1237–1279: Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid]]
−
** The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)
+
** [[Waltharius1280|1280–1345: The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention]]
−
** Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)
+
** [[Waltharius1346|1346–1375: Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life]]
−
** Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)
+
** [[Waltharius1376|1376–1395: Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth]]
−
** Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)
+
** [[Waltharius1396|1396–1442: Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt]]
−
** The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)
+
** [[Waltharius1443|1443–1452: The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians]]
−
* Epilogue (1453–1456)}}
+
* [[Waltharius1453|1453–1456: Epilogue]]}}
 
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|[[Waltharius1089|next »]]
 
|[[Waltharius1089|next »]]

Latest revision as of 02:07, 4 July 2026

Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)

His rex infelix visis suspirat et omni  Aeneid 3.172: talibus attonitus visis. . . ‘Awed by this vision. . .’

 

 SSSSDS 
Aufugiens studio falerati terga caballi  Georgics 3.318: omni studio. . . ‘The more zealously. . .’ Prudentius, Psychomachia 195-196.: phaleratum/ circumflectit equum. ‘She circles round on her bedecked steed.’

 

 DDDSDS 
Scandit et ad maestum citius Haganona volavit  DSDDDS 
Omnimodisque illum precibus flexisse sategit, 1065  Flexisse sategit equiv. to flectere studuit

 

 Aeneid 2.689: precibus si flecteris ullis. . . ‘If you are moved by any prayers. . .’

 

 DSDSDS
Elision: omnimodisque illum 
Ut secum pergens pugnam repararet. at ille:  SSSDDS 
Me genus infandum prohibet bellare parentum,  Genus infandum: in this speech Hagen sarcastically recalls the king’s insults about his father (cf. lines 629-631).

 

 DSDSDS 
Et gelidus sanguis mentem mihi ademit in armis.  Aeneid 3.30: gelidusque coit formidine sanguis. ‘My chilled blood freezes with terror.’ 3.259-260.: at sociis subita gelidus formidine sanguis/ deriguit. ‘But my comrades’ blood chilled and froze with sudden fear.’

 

 DSSDDS
Elision: mihi ademit 
Tabescebat enim genitor, dum tela videret,  SDDSDS 
Et timidus multis renuebat proelia verbis: 1070  DSDSDS 
Haec dum iactasses, rex, inter te comitantes,  Aeineid 1.102: talia iactanti. . . ‘As he flings forth such words. . .’

 

 SSSSDS 
Extitit indignum nostri tibi quippe iuvamen.'  Nostri: With iuvamen, equivalent to nostrum. Or perhaps with indignum (cf. Aen. 12.649: indignus avorum); in the latter case tibi would have to be taken closely with iuvamen.

 

 DSSDDS 
Ille recusanti precibus nihilominus instans  Ille equiv. to rex

 

 DSDDDS 
Talibus aversum satagit revocare loquelis:  DSDDDS 
Deprecor ob superos, conceptum pone furorem. 1075  Aeneid 4.501-502.: tantos mente furores/ concipit. ‘Her mind dreams not of such frenzy.’

 

 DDSSDS 
Iram de nostra contractam decute culpa,  SSSSDS 
Quam vita comitante, domum si venero tecum,  SDDSDS 
Impensis tibimet benefactis diluo multis.  SDDSDS 
Nonne pudet sociis tot cognatisque peremptis  DDSSDS 
Dissimulare virum? magis, ut mihi quippe videtur, 1080  Dissimulare virum equiv. to simulare feminam

 

 Ovid, Ars Amatoria 1.690: veste virum longa dissimulatus erat. ‘He had disguised his manhood in a woman’s robe.’

 

 DDDDDS 
Verba valent animum quam facta nefanda movere.  DDSDDS 
Iustius in saevum tumuisses mente tyrannum,  DSDSDS 
Qui solus hodie caput infamaverat orbis.  Caput…orbis: the poet alludes to the situation of his own time, the era of Charlemagne, when the Frankish kings really had such a status.

 

 SDDSDS 
Non modicum patimur dammum de caede virorum,  Aeneid 11.634: caede virorum. . . ‘With the slaughter of the riders. . .’

 

 DDSSDS 
Dedecus at tantum superabit Francia numquam. 1085  Aeneid 10.681: ob tantum dedecus amens. . . ‘In madness because of disgrace so foul. . .’

 

 
Europe500.png
  		 DSDSDS 
Antea quis fuimus suspecti, sibila dantes  Quis equiv. to quibus
Suspecti: “feared”

 

 DDSSDS 
Francorum dicent exercitus omnis ab uno,  Aeneid 9.783-784.: unus homo et vestris, o cives, undique saeptus/ aggeribus tantas strages impune per urbem/ ediderit? ‘My countrymen, shall one man, hemmed in on every side by your ramparts, deal such carnage throughout the city and go unpunished?’

 

 
Europe500.png
  		 SSSDDS 
Proh pudor ignotum vel quo, est impune necatus!  Aeneid 9.783-784.: unus homo et vestris, o cives, undique saeptus/ aggeribus tantas strages impune per urbem/ ediderit? ‘My countrymen, shall one man, hemmed in on every side by your ramparts, deal such carnage throughout the city and go unpunished?’


Prudentius, Psychomachia 353: pro pudor. . . ‘For shame!’  

 DSSSDS
Elision: quo est 
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